1,720,964 research outputs found
Determining ancient woodland indicator plants for practical use: A new approach developed in northwest Germany
No full textAncient woodlands that have been in continuous existence for hundreds of years have a floristic composition which greatly differs from younger afforestations. The occurrence of certain associated vascular plant species, termed "ancient woodland indicator plants", can be used to recognise the continuity of woodland cover. Ancient woodland habitats frequently contain a typical and rich forest biodiversity and can often be regarded as "biodiversity hotspots". To pinpoint these habitats for nature conservation, there is a need to compile ancient woodland indicator lists with a widespread validity. In this study, we introduce a new methodical approach that enables the compilation of such lists from the readily available resources of plant species monitoring programs, archive records, and land cover data. Using northwest Germany as a model region, we have developed an ecologically grounded list of 67 ancient woodland indicator plants for this area. In this context, we consider the "ancient woodland indicator plants" as a subset of the larger group of "ancient woodland plants". The widely applicable ancient woodland indicator plants list presented here may be a useful tool for future forest nature conservation. Potential applications include: (a) the identification of ancient woodlands in areas where historical maps are lacking, (b) the identification of biodiversity hotspots of ancient woodland indicator plants, and (c) locating ancient semi-natural woodlands. Finally, we highlight the importance of effective conservation management, which should seek to promote the typical plant diversity of ancient semi-natural woodlands. In doing so, conservation management should promote the preservation of remaining ancient deciduous woodlands and inhibit the conversion of ancient woodlands to coniferous or mixed forests. Additionally, conservation management should strengthen the connections between recent and ancient woodlands through habitat corridors. Furthermore, careful forest management of deciduous ancient woodland sites with high typical woodland plant diversity has to be ensured to avoid soil damage. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Wälder mit natürlicher Entwicklung in Deutschland: Bilanzierung und Bewertung
No full textWälder mit natürlicher Entwicklung spielen für den Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt eine zentrale Rolle. Über ihren Flächenumfang, ihre räumliche Verteilung und ihre Flächengröße wurden in den letzten Jahren intensive, nicht selten auch kontroverse Diskussionen geführt. Den Anlass hierfür gaben die konkreten Flächenziele der Nationalen Strategie zur biologischen Vielfalt: Im Jahr 2020 soll der Flächenanteil der Wälder mit natürlicher Waldentwicklung 5 % der deutschen Waldfläche und 10 % der Fläche öffentlicher Wälder betragen. Neben diesen quantitativen Zielen wird ein funktionsfähiges ökologisches Netzwerk, bestehend aus dauerhaft gesicherten Lebensräumen in einer naturraumtypischen Ausprägung angestrebt. Im Laufe des Diskussionsprozesses wurde deutlich, dass zunächst eine belastbare Bilanz und Bewertung des vorhandenen Bestandes an Wäldern mit natürlicher Entwicklung erforderlich ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in dem hier vorgestellten Forschungsvorhaben Mindestanforderungen für Wälder mit natürlicher Entwicklung definiert, eine Bilanz des verbindlich gesicherten Flächenbestandes erstellt und dieser naturschutzfachlich und ökonomisch bewertet. Stärken und Schwächen des bestehenden Schutzgebietssystems wurden herausgearbeitet und dessen Kosten abgeschätzt. Abschließend werden Optionen für die Ausgestaltung des weiteren Entwicklungsprozesses aufgezeigt. Hier werden insbesondere eine stärker systematische Vorgehensweise sowie der Abgleich mit anderen naturschutzfachlichen und forstwirtschaftlichen Zielen empfohlen
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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