1,721,456 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Devenir des contaminants toxiques des aliments dans l’environnement digestif
No full textDe nombreuses études semblent établir un lien entre notre alimentation et l’apparition de certaines pathologies. Un des principaux facteurs explicatifs serait une exposition répétée à de faibles doses de
contaminants toxiques via les aliments. Il s’agit soit de micropolluants accumulés par les végétaux ou les animaux au cours de leur production puis transférés dans les produits alimentaires dérivés soit de composés néoformés lors des procédés de transformation des matières premières agricoles. L’évaluation du risque chimique associé à la présence de ces contaminants dans nos aliments est donc un enjeu majeur pour la recherche agronomique. Elle nécessite de déterminer les quantités de substances toxiques assimilées par l’organisme du consommateur. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, cette estimation repose le plus souvent sur une quantification des contaminants co-ingérés avec les aliments sans prendre en compte les éventuels effets modulateurs de la digestion pourtant démontrés sur les nutriments ou les médicaments. Après un bref rappel des principaux contaminants susceptibles d’être retrouvés dans nos aliments, cet article montre en quoi le développement de nouveaux outils d’investigation du tractus digestif peut permettre de mieux évaluer le risque lié à l’exposition alimentaire aux contaminants. Il montre également l’intérêt d’étudier plus avant les interactions entre ces contaminants et le microbiote intestinal.Many studies seem to establish a relationship between human diet and the occurrence of several diseases. One of the main explanatory factors could be the repeated exposure to low doses of toxic contaminants with food intake. They are either micropollutants accumulated by plants or animals during their production then transferred in related food products or process-induced toxicants from agricultural raw materials. Chemical risk assessment related to the presence of these contaminants in food is therefore a major issue for agricultural research. It requires to assess the quantity of toxic substances digested by the consumer. Up to now, this estimation is based most often on a quantification of contaminants co-ingested with food without taking into account digestion possible modulating effects yet proved for nutrients and drugs. After a short reminder on the main contaminants likely to be found in food, this article points out how the development of new investigation tools of digestive tract can permit to better assess the risk related to food exposure to contaminants. It also demonstrates the interest to study more in deep the interactions between these contaminants and intestinal microbiota
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Les composés néoformés toxiques et leur remédiation - Focus sur les produits carnés
No full textLes procédés de transformation induisent des réactions chimiques au sein des aliments pouvant amener à la formation de composés néoformés toxiques. Ces néoformations qui dépendent entre autres de la composition de la matière première et des conditions de procédé peuvent impacter la qualité sanitaire des aliments. Bien que les composés néoformés toxiques soient généralement retrouvés à l’état de trace dans les aliments, leur consommation régulière tout au long de la vie pourrait contribuer à terme au développement de certaines pathologies (diabète, cancers, troubles neurologiques…). Souvent générés par le consommateur lors de la préparation domestique de ses aliments, l’évaluation des niveaux d’exposition et donc des risques liés à leur ingestion est complexe. A l’heure actuelle, très peu de composés néoformés sont réglementés dans notre alimentation (acrylamide, benzo[a]pyrène, monochloropropane diol). Les progrès récents en matière de techniques d’analyse et de chimie réactionnelle permettent aujourd’hui une meilleure connaissance de ces composés, de leurs conditions de formation et ouvrent la voie à des solutions pour y remédier.Food processing induces chemical reactions that can lead to the formation of process-induced toxicants which will in turn impact the food safety. These reactions are dependent on several factors including the composition of the raw material and the processing conditions. Although process-induced toxicants are generally produced at trace level, the consumer is exposed to them frequently and throughout his life. They may therefore contribute to the development of some pathologies including diabetes, cancer and neurological disorders. In most cases, they are generated by the consumer when he prepares his food, which makes it difficult to assess exposure levels and the risks associated with their ingestion. Currently, very few process-induced toxicants (e.g. acrylamide, benzo[a]pyrene, monochloropropane diol) are regulated in our diet. Recent advances in analytical techniques and reaction chemistry now allow a better knowledge of these compounds, their conditions of formation, and pave the way to solutions to mitigate them
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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