1,721,069 research outputs found
Perceived language proficiency and pain assessment by registered and student nurses in native English-speaking and EAL children aged 4–7 years
No full textAims and objectives: To identify the factors that influence decisions made by health professionals when assessing the pain of native English speaking and children whose English is an additional language. Background: Pain assessment in children is often poorly executed following acute injury. Whilst a range of pain assessment tools have been developed, little guidance is provided for assessing pain in children with English as an additional language. Design: Factorial survey design. Methods: Twenty minor injuries unit nurses and 20 children's nursing students participated in an electronic survey to make judgements on 12 scenarios describing a child attending a minor injuries unit following an incident, accompanied by a parent. Respondents had to decide the most important form of pain assessment, and whether they would ask a parent or an interpreter to assess the pain of the child. An open-ended question asked about the difficulties found in making a judgement. Results: Observation of the child's behaviour was the most common pain assessment reported. The visual analogue scale was significantly associated with children with proficient English. Respondents were significantly more likely to involve parents in the assessment if they could speak English well compared to parents with poor English skills. Moreover, nursing students were significantly more likely than registered nurses to call for support from an interpreter. Thematic analysis identified three themes related to difficulties with pain assessment: contrasting approaches, differing perceptions of pain and overcoming challenges. Conclusions: The reduced ability to communicate between child, parent and healthcare professional highlights the need to identify forms of assessment based on individual cases. Relevance to clinical practice: The number of children with English as an additional language has seen a marked rise over the last decade. In situations where communication ability is reduced, assessment of pain should be tailored to meet the needs of the child. This may require timely access to interpreter services
Physiotherapy for people with dementia who fracture their hip
Full text linkOutcomes for people with hip fracture are poor with approximately only 33% of people returning to their prior level of function and only 24% of people independently mobile by six months after hip fracture. The presence of dementia further worsens outcomes with a significantly increased risk of nursing home admission or death. Physiotherapy is a core treatment for people following surgery for hip fracture, yet there is little evidence to guide physiotherapists how to treat this population. The overall aim of this thesis was to determine the evidence surrounding the physiotherapy treatment for people with dementia following hip fracture and explore the experiences of those involved, thus leading to the development of an intervention which could be tested for feasibility. A series of four related studies were undertaken. The first of which was a scoping review which highlighted a paucity of evidence guiding the physiotherapy interventions for this population. Thirteen different databases were searched, with 26 articles being included in the review. Where there was evidence, there was a failure to describe the physiotherapy intervention. Consequently, two qualitative studies were undertaken. The first qualitative study explored the experiences of physiotherapists treating this population and involved semi-structured interviews with twelve physiotherapists. Physiotherapists cited resource pressures, historical reliance of biomedical practices and lack of knowledge as being the main barriers to adopting a person centred care approach that was described as a gold standard of care. The second study explored the experiences of six people with dementia (and five carers) receiving physiotherapy. Both studies concurred that the approach undertaken by the physiotherapist was often biomedical in nature and this failed to meet the needs of the person with dementia and did not reflect a person centred care approach that is suggested for this population. Patients and their carers reported the desire for treatment to be more person centred, but appreciated that physiotherapists were not able to deliver this. Data from the qualitative studies, in conjunction with existing biomedical evidence, informed the development of a logic model depicting a community based physiotherapy intervention for people with dementia following hip fracture. This formed the basis for the final stage of the thesis whereby a mixed-methods feasibility study was undertaken. The logic model incorporated the qualitative data and pre-existing physiological evidence in conjunction with components of behaviour change. The feasibility of recruiting to this study was poor, qualitative inquiry suggested that people with dementia were not being referred for on-going physiotherapy following discharge to the community setting. Failure to recruit to the study meant that testing of the intervention in a clinical setting was not possible. Further qualitative analysis proposed that people with dementia were being reported to have “no rehabilitation potential” in the acute setting as their assessment relied on biomedical measures of assessment. This label then prevented them from being offered further rehabilitation in community settings. Collectively, these series of studies suggested that the failure to approach people with dementia following hip fracture with a biopsychosocial approach, not only reduced their ability to improve, but actually prevented them from being given an opportunity to receive rehabilitation.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR
Cultural responses to pain in primary school age children: a mixed methods study
No full textPain-measurement tools are often criticized for not addressing the influence of culture and ethnicity on pain.
This study examined how children who speak English as a primary or additional language discuss pain. Two
methods were used in six focus group interviews with 34 children aged 4–7 years: (i) use of drawings from the
Pediatric Pain Inventory to capture the language used by children to describe pain; and (ii) observation of
the children’s placing of pain drawings on red/amber/green paper to denote perceived severity of pain. The
findings demonstrated that children with English as an additional language used less elaborate language when
talking about pain, but tended to talk about the pictures prior to deciding where they should be placed. For
these children, there was a positive significant relationship between language, age, and length of stay in the
UK. The children’s placement of pain drawings varied according to language background, sex, and age. The
findings emphasize the need for sufficient time to assess pain adequately in children who do not speak English
as a first language
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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