124,794 research outputs found
Psammothidium alpinum Potapova & Enache 2013, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Psammothidium alpinum</i> Potapova & Enache <i>sp. nov</i>. (Figs 9–21, 40–44) <p> <i>Valvae linearae ellipticae, ovalis, 6.3–9.1 µm latae, 14.6–30 µm longae. Raphovalva cum area axialis angusta linearis versus, area centralis rectagularis. Raphe recta poris centralibus unciformis, termini distale punctiformis. Araphovalva cum area axialis angusta, area centralis circularis, irregularis, 1/2 valvae lata. Striae transapicales paulo radiatae, 22–25 in 10 µm cum striae breviores intercalares. Areolae rotundae, grossae, 25 in 10 µm.</i></p> <p>Valves linear-elliptic to oval, 6.3–9.1 µm wide, 14.6–30 µm long. Raphe valve with narrow linear axial area and rectangular-irregular central area. Raphe straight with hook-like proximal pores, drop-shaped distal endings (Figs 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 20). Rapheless valve with narrow axial area, irregular, rounded central area, occupying about ½ of valve breadth (Figs 9, 12, 14, 17–19, 21). Transapical striae slightly radiate, 22–25 in 10 µm, with shortened marginal striae present (figs 41, 43). Areolae coarse, round, 25 in 10 µm (Fig. 44).</p> <p> <b>Type:—</b> USA. Washington: Cascade Mountains, Snow Lake, 46.7576° N, 121.6982468° W, lake sediment (2–2.5-cm depth core interval; lake maximum depth 9.75 m), collected 07 October 2009, collection <i>WACA019</i>, (Circled specimen (Figs 9, 10) on slide <i>GC64862, accession # GC64862</i> (ANSP!), <b>holotype, designated here</b>; circled specimens on slide <i>GC64863</i> (ANSP!) and slide <i>84223</i> (CANA!), <b>isotypes, designated here</b>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —specific epithet refers to the occurrence of the new species in alpine, high elevation lakes.</p> <p> <i>Psammothidium alpinum</i> is similar to <i>P. bioretii</i> (Germain 1957: 85) Bukhtiyarova et Round (1996: 9) in valve size and possession of relatively coarse areolae. It differs from <i>P. bioretii</i> by having more elongate, linear-elliptical valve shape with nearly parallel sides, and a straight central sternum (versus diagonal in <i>P. bioretii</i>). In SEM (Figs 40–44), <i>P. alpinum</i> displays a characteristic doublet of smaller areolae at the valve/ mantle junction and around the mantle (Figs 40, 42). On raphe valves, the central area nearly reaches the valve margin and is bounded by 4–8 short striae. The raphe has characteristic hook-like widely spaced proximal endings (Fig 40) that deflect in the same direction externally (Fig. 40) and opposite internally (Fig. 41). While <i>P. bioretii</i> has terminal raphe fissures curved to opposite sides, <i>P. alpinum</i> lacks terminal fissures, and distal external raphe endings are drop-shaped and do not expand beyond the last stria (Fig. 41). Similar to <i>P. bioretii</i>, <i>P. alpinum</i> has coarse, round areolae visible in LM; a row of coarser areolae border the sternum and central area in LM (Figs 10, 11) and a double row of finer areolae bordering the valve face-mantle junction is visible in SEM (Figs 40, 42). Short intercalary striae are present along the valve margin and expand on the mantle (Figs 41, 43). <i>Psammothidium alpinum</i> has similar valve shape as <i>P. chlidanos</i> (Hohn et Hellerman 1963: 273) Lange-Bertalot (1999: 285) but it can be easily distinguished by its coarser striae and areolae visible in LM.</p> <p> <i>P</i>. <i>alpinum</i> was present in Hidden Lake NOCA (bottom sample, 2% relative abundance) and very rare in top samples from Snow and Stiletto lakes.</p>Published as part of <i>Enache, Mihaela D., Potapova, Marina, Sheibley, Rich & Moran, Patrick, 2013, Three new Psammothidium species from lakes of Olympic and Cascade Mountains in Washington State, USA, pp. 49-57 in Phytotaxa 127 (1)</i> on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5085461">http://zenodo.org/record/5085461</a>
Psammothidium lacustre Enache & Potapova & Sheibley & Moran 2013, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Psammothidium lacustre</i> Enache & Potapova <i>sp. nov</i>. (Figs 1–8, 35–39) <p> <i>Valvae lanceolate, 8.4–11.2 µm latae, 16.7–28 µm longae. Raphovalva cum area axialis linearis versus centro expanso, area centralis rectangularis, ½ vel 2/3 valvae lata. Raphe recta poris centralibus simples cum cristae et sulci, interne paulo curvatae. Fissuris terminalibus simplex, longae, ad versum curvatae. Araphovalva cum area axialis angusta, area centralis circulare, 2/3 valvae lata. Striae transapicales radiatae 22–26 in 10 µm; areolae cum foramina externae circulares, foramina internae transapicalem elongatae, 40–60 in 10 µm.</i></p> <p>Valves lanceolate, 8.4–11.2 µm wide, 16.7–28 µm long. Raphe valve with linear axial area, rectangular central area, occupying ½ to 2/3 of valve breadth (Figs 2, 3, 6, 7). Proximal raphe endings slightly deflected internally (Fig. 36). Terminal raphe fissures simple, long, deflected in opposite directions (Figs 2, 3, 6). Rapheless valve with narrow axial area, round central area occupying 2/3 of the valve breadth (Figs 1, 4, 5, 8). Striae radiate, 22–26 in 10 µm; areolae 40–60 in 10 µm, with round external foramina, and internal openings elongated transapically on both valves (Figs 35–39).</p> <p> <b>Type:—</b> USA. Washington: Cascade Mountains, Snow Lake, 46.7576° N, 121.6982468° W, lake sediment (2–2.5-cm depth core interval; lake maximum depth 9.75 m), collected 07 October 2009, collection <i>WACA019</i>, (Circled specimen (Figs 1, 2) on slide <i>GC64860</i>, <i>accession # GC64860</i> (ANSP!), <b>holotype, designated here</b>; circled specimens on slide <i>GC64861</i> (ANSP!) and slide <i>84222</i> (CANA!), <b>isotypes, designated here</b>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>:—specific epithet refers to the occurrence of the new species in a lacustrine environment.</p> <p> The species with the closest morphological features to <i>Psammothidium lacustre</i> is <i>P. helveticum</i> (Figs 32– 34). <i>Psammothidium lacustre</i> has much larger size, with valve width greather than 8 µm, and more acute valve ends compared to <i>P. helveticum</i>. SEM investigations (Figs 35–39) revealed that the proximal raphe endings are internally slightly deflected in opposite directions (Fig. 36), similarly to <i>P. helveticum</i> (see Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996, figure 23). The striae extend uninterrupted onto the mantle, and short striae are present near the central area and occasionally in other parts of valve margin (Fig. 38). Areolae have round external foramina and transapically elongated internal openings (Figs 37, 39).</p> <p> The shape of the axial and central areas on rapheless valves is similar in <i>Psammothidium lacustre</i> and <i>P. helveticum</i>, except that the central area is narrower in <i>P. helveticum</i>. Internally, the shape of areolae is also different: elongated with rims and grooves in <i>P</i>. <i>lacustre</i> versus round or rectangular in <i>P. helveticum</i> (see Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996, figure 23). In LM, <i>P. lacustre</i> is relatively easy to separate from <i>P. helveticum</i>; <i>P. lacustre</i> is larger, has more lanceolate shape, and coarser striae (22–24 versus 23–28) and areolae. <i>Psammothidium lacustre</i> was rare in study lakes (<1% relative abundance).</p>Published as part of <i>Enache, Mihaela D., Potapova, Marina, Sheibley, Rich & Moran, Patrick, 2013, Three new Psammothidium species from lakes of Olympic and Cascade Mountains in Washington State, USA, pp. 49-57 in Phytotaxa 127 (1)</i> on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5085461">http://zenodo.org/record/5085461</a>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure
No full textThe main objective of this work is to increase the knowledge about corporate governance and voluntary disclosure in reducing information asymmetries. The first chapter is a review of the literature on corporate governance and voluntary disclosure. The second chapter analyzes whether board composition and voluntary disclosure substitute or complement each other in reducing information asymmetries. Finally, the third chapter analyzes the role of disclosure and governance in the biotech setting in enhancing analysts ability to forecasts earnings.
More in detail, in the second chapter, we assess the impact of corporate governance on firms’ product-related disclosure of biotechnology companies in the presence of agency and proprietary costs. In order to conduct this investigation we use regression analysis employing data compiled from 10-K forms and proxy statements. We hypothesize that voluntary disclosure – considering the approach suggested by Lev et.al. (2004) – is a function of governance structure measured by a set of independent variables based on the board of directors typology proposed by Hillman et.al. (2000) and Baysinger and Butler (1985). Our results show that corporate governance plays a role in orienting the heterogeneity of product-level disclosures provided by US biotech companies. Moreover, using biotech setting, which provides unique heterogeneity in the level of disclosure, we show that background of board members affects corporate disclosure. Specifically, specialist directors and community members exert markedly different effect on disclosure. Support specialists generally pressed for increased disclosure, unless it is against firm interest. Community influentials vote for vague disclosure but tend to disclose information early. The later may be due to the desire to prop-up their personal public profile, at the expense of shareholders.
The study further explores and provides useful insights and practical implications for corporate governance standard setters. They should consider the various competences of board members such as skills, expertise, knowledge and specific functions of individual directors in expressing the impact of corporate governance on firms voluntary disclosure.
In the last chapter, we uses US biotech firms to assess how corporate governance mechanisms, such as board composition, board size and product related voluntary disclosure, affect the information environment faced by financial analysts in forecasting earnings. Information environment is defined as forecast accuracy, forecast dispersion, precision of public information, precision of private information, as in Barron et.al. (1998, 2002). We consider the methodology introduced by Baysinger and Butler (1985) and Hillman et.al. (2000) and we analyze each independent directors according to his specific background. On the relation between voluntary disclosure and analysts forecasts, we have build our own measure of voluntary disclosure index, by hand-collecting all the information specific to the biotech products that firms have into their portfolio. We measure the voluntary disclosure of biotech products based on the Business Section Analysis (part I) of the Annual Report (10-K form), precisely on the drug development programs, that provide key information about the various products under development of each biotechnology company. Additionally, we examine whether voluntary disclosure were disclosed consistently over time and we follow the path of disclosure by developing an persistent disclosure index at the firm level. Our results shows that US biotech firms with more independent directors on the board reduces the forecast dispersion. The quality of corporate governance affects information transparency and play a role in reducing the uncertainty associated with future firms’ performance by increasing the precision of analysts’ earnings forecasts. Better corporate governance mechanisms promotes transparency that benefits the users of firms’ disclosure. Forecast accuracy increases when voluntary disclosure is constant over time. Analysts forecast dispersion decreases when more independent directors sits on the board. Voluntary disclosure is fully effective to financial analysts only if the information is comparable over time. When information is constant over time it increases forecast accuracy and reduces the dispersion. Voluntary disclosure and corporate governance quality are two mechanisms that act is complement to improve the quality of information available to financial analystsl principale obiettivo di questo lavoro è di quello di contribuire ad una maggiore comprensione delle politiche di comunicazione delle imprese e dei meccanismi di corporate governance, in particolare le caratteristiche dei consiglieri di amministrazione nel ridurre le asimmetrie informative.
Nel primo capitolo sono state analizzate le teorie più rilevanti dell’accountability, come la voluntary disclosure e la corporate governance con l’obiettivo di evidenziare i contributi più significativi che ad esse sono state mosse e identificando nuovi temi di ricerca.
Il capitolo secondo studia se i meccanismi di governance, quali la composizione del board è un sostituto piuttosto che un complemento della comunicazione volontaria nel ridurre le asimmetrie informative.
Il terzo capitolo sottopone a verifica empirica le asserzioni più rilevanti derivanti dal ruolo che la corporate governance e voluntary disclosure hanno sulle proprietà delle previsioni degli analisti.
Più nel dettaglio, il secondo capitolo mette in evidenza l’impatto che la composizione del consiglio di amministrazione ha sulla comunicazione volontaria riguardante i prodotti in sviluppo delle imprese biotech statunitense in presenza di alti costi di proprietà e di agenzia che li caratterizzano. Per analizzare come il board composition impattano sulla comunicazione volontaria, la ricerca distingue i componenti del consiglio di amministrazione in base al background e alle precedenti esperienze lavorative in tre categorie: a) business experts, sono gli amministratori esecutivi le cui competenze sono legate al processo decisionale; b) support specialists, si riferiscono ai esperti in ambiti specifici come finanza, diritto, ricerca e sviluppo, amministrazione e controllo; c) community influentials, si tratta di politici, membri di organizzazioni non profit che portano”knowledge, experience and linkages relevant to firm’s external environment” [Baron, 1985]. La classificazione proposta, basata sul ruolo potenziale dei singoli amministratori all’interno del consiglio di amministrazione amplia l’attenzione sulle funzioni che il consiglio di amministrazione riveste, prendendo un passo avanti rispetto alla maggior parte dei studi esistenti, e centrandosi non solo sul ruolo di monitoraggio ma anche sul potenziale contributo al processo decisionale strategico. Per ciascuna azienda biotech si è proceduto alla classificazione degli amministratori nelle tre categorie in precedenza presentate. Sono stata analizzate le biografie di ciascun amministratore dal documento DEF 14-A. La verifica empirica si è svolta considerando che la comunicazione volontaria – usando l’indice di voluntary disclosure costruito dal Guo et.al. (2004) – è una funzione della struttura di governance misurata come composizione del consiglio di amministrazione, usando il approccio proposto da Hillman et.al. (2000) e Baysinger and Butler (1985), descritta prima.
I risultati ottenuti mettono in risalto il ruolo strategico che il board rinveste e inoltre conferma come la composizione del board in termini di competenze influenza la sua capacità di monitoraggio e quindi riduca, i costi di monitoraggio che la società deve sostenere. In particolare, si evidenzia come diversi membri del consiglio di amministrazione, quale support specialists and community influentials esercitano un ruolo diverso sulla voluntary disclosure. In generale, i support specialists tendono a favorire un incremento della disclosure. Al contrario, i comunity influentials votano per una “vague” disclosure, però tendono a fornire le informazioni prima. Questo ultimo risultato può essere dovuto al desiderio da parte dei community influentials di proteggere la loro reputazione alle spese dei shareholders.
In conclusione, la ricerca condotta ha evidenziato come il problema della composizione del board deve essere affrontata superando la tradizionale classificazione degli amministratori in esecutivi e indipendenti. In tale ambito, assume una maggiore rilevanza il background, le competenze, e i legami degli amministratori. In fine, il presente lavoro porta in attenzione importante implicazioni per i corporate governance standard setters, che dovrebbero mostrare una maggiore attenzione e considerare il ruolo di ciascun membro al interno del consiglio di amministrazione nel specificare le varie direttive.
L’ultimo capitolo della tesi tratta il ruolo che la governance e la voluntary disclosure hanno nell’influire le previsioni degli analisti, analizzate principalmente in un contesto statunitense delle aziende biotech. L’attenzione del ricerca è volta innanzitutto ad analizzare il ruolo che la board composition e le modalità con cui le società forniscono le informazioni, e successivamente come tali informazioni vengono interpretate dagli analisti finanziari nel produrre stime dei risultati aziendali (EPS). Oggetto di analisi sono le proprietà delle previsioni degli analisti, come la forecast accuracy, forecast dispersion, precision of public information, precision of private information (Barron et.al. 1998, 2002), usando, nominate più semplicemente information environment. Il framework utilizzato per la misurazione della disclosure è quello proposto da Guo et.al. (2004) che ci ha permesso anche di costruire un indice di consistenza della disclosure nel tempo. Questo ultimo viene calcolato come la differenza tra la voluntary disclosure nell’anno t meno la voluntary disclosure nell’anno (t-1) diviso la disclosure al tempo (t-1). Tutte le informazioni riguardante la comunicazione volontaria dei prodotti in sviluppo che le aziende biotech hanno nel portafoglio sono hand-collected usando come fonte il 10-K form, che deve essere predisposto da ciascuna società quaotata al New York Stock Exchange e depositato presso la SEC. Questo ci ha permesso di creare un database unico. Per quanto riguarda la corporate governance - board composition abbiamo presso in con il profilo degli singoli membri del consiglio di amministrazione in termini di background e competenz
On Some Applications of the Maximum Principles to a Variety of Elliptic and Parabolic Problems
No full textA Master of Science thesis in Mathematics by Sajan K. Samuel entitled, “On Some Applications of the Maximum Principles to a Variety of Elliptic and Parabolic Problems”, submitted in July 2019. Thesis advisor is Dr. Cristian Enache. Soft and hard copy available.One of the most important and useful tools used in the study of partial differential equations is the maximum principle. This principle is a natural extension to higher dimensions of an elementary fact of calculus: any function, which satisfies the inequality f′′ > 0 on an interval [a,b], achieves its maximum at one of the endpoints of the interval. In this context, we say that the solution to the differential inequality f′′ > 0 satisfies a maximum principle. In this thesis we will discuss the maximum principles for partial differential equations and their applications. More precisely, we will show how one may employ the maximum principles to obtain information about uniqueness, approximation, boundedness, convexity, symmetry or asymptotic behavior of solutions, without any explicit knowledge of the solutions themselves. The thesis will be organized in two main parts. The purpose of the first part is to briefly introduce in Chapter 1 the terminology and the main tools to be used throughout this thesis. We will start by introducing the second order linear differential operators of elliptic and parabolic type. Then, we will develop the first and second maximum principles of E. Hopf for elliptic equations, respectively the maximum principles of L. Nirenberg and A. Friedman for parabolic equations. Next, in the second part, namely in Chapter 2 and 3, we will introduce various P-functions, which are nothing else than appropriate functional combinations of the solutions and their derivatives, and derive new maximum principles for such functionals. Moreover, we will show how to employ these new maximum principles to get isoperimetric inequalities, symmetry results and convexity results in the elliptic case (Chapter 2), respectively spatial and temporal asymptotic behavior of solutions, in the parabolic case (Chapter 3).College of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Mathematics and StatisticsMaster of Science in Mathematics (MSMTH
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Depression in Alzheimer's disease : biomarkers and treatment
No full textDepression and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are among the most common clinical diagnosis in older people. The relation between depression and AD is complex: depression has been shown to be a risk factor, prodromal symptom and a consequence of AD. Increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of depression in AD may lead to early detection and differential diagnosis, and is crucial for development of novel and mechanism-based treatments.The first two studies of this doctoral thesis are exploring the associations between depressive symptoms and biomarkers of amyloid deposition and neuronal injury in patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. The aims of the third study were to describe the use of antidepressants in patients with dementia and to explore the association between mortality risk and the use of antidepressants 3 years before the dementia diagnosis.CAIDE Dementia Risk Score is taking into account midlife risk and protective factors; age, educational level, gender, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol level and physical activity and APOE genotyping, and can predict dementia over 20 years. The last study was focused on exploring the associations between CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and biomarkers of amyloid deposition, neuronal injury and small vessel pathology in SCI and MCI patients. Additionally we explored the capacity of CAIDE Dementia Risk Score to predict dementia in a memory clinic population.Data were obtained from Memory Clinic Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden (Study I, II and IV). In study III, two large national registries were merged: the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.In study I, analysis of the three different cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; amyloid beta (CSF Aβ), total-tau (CSF t-tau), and phosphorylated-tau did not support the hypothesis that more severe amyloid or tau pathologies are associated with more severe depressive symptoms. In contrast, SCI and AD patients with depressive symptoms tended to have lower CSF p-tau levels and, in particular, lower CSF t-tau levels than those without depression, indicating less severe neuronal injury. In study II, we used two different analysis methods of MRI to measure medial temporal lobe atrophy and hippocampus volume. Using manual tracing of the hippocampi we found smaller left hippocampus volume in SCI patients with depressive symptoms compared to those without depressive symptoms. In contrast, AD patients with depressive symptoms had less medial temporal lobe atrophy compared with those without depressive symptoms.In study III, 20,050 patients with incident dementia diagnosed in memory clinics and registered in SveDem were included. Information on the total number of medication and all antidepressants dispensed at the time of dementia diagnosis and at the first, the second and the third year prior to dementia diagnosis was obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. During a median follow up of 2 years, 5168 (25.8%) dementia patients died. At the time of dementia diagnosis, 5,004 (25.0%) patients were on antidepressant treatment. Use of antidepressant treatment for 3 consecutive years prior to a dementia diagnosis was associated with a lower mortality risk for all dementia disorders in general and particularly in AD.In study IV, a higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score was associated with higher CSF t-tau levels, more severe medial temporal lobe atrophy and more severe white matter changes. For the CAIDE score including APOE, a score above 9 points was associated with lower CSF Aβ, more severe medial temporal lobe atrophy and more severe white matter changes. CAIDE Dementia Risk Score (version with APOE) performed better at predicting AD compared with CAIDE Dementia Risk Score without APOE.Conclusion: We found that depressive symptoms in patients with AD and SCI are not associated with more amyloid deposition nor more neuronal injury compared with AD and SCI patients without depressive symptoms. Thus our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanisms underlying depression differ between older people with and without AD. Our results have shown that use of antidepressants in prodromal AD stages is associated with a lower mortality risk. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the associations between the use of antidepressants and mortality risk in dementia.List of scientific papersI. Kramberger MG, Jelic V, Kareholt I, Enache D, Eriksdotter Jönhagen M, Winblad B, Aarsland D. Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer Markers in Depressed Elderly Subjects with and without Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2012, 2:48-56. https://doi.org/10.1159/000334644 II. Enache D, Cavallin L, Lindberg O, Farahmand B, Kramberger MG, Westman E, Jelic V, Eriksdotter M, Ballard C, Winblad B, Wahlund L-O, Aarsland D. Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients With and Without Alzheimer Disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2015, 28:40-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988714541873 III. Enache D, Fereshtehnejad SM, Cermakova P, Garcia-Ptacek S, Kåreholt I, Johnell K, Religa D, Jelic V, Winblad B, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Fastbom J, Eriksdotter M. Antidepressants and mortality risk in a dementia cohort- data from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry. [Submitted]IV. Enache D, Solomon A, Cavallin L, Kåreholt I, Kramberger MG, Aarslad D, Kivipelto M, Eriksdotter M, Winblad B, Jelic V. CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in memory clinic patients without dementia. [Submitted]</p
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