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Anisotropic friction simulation of dry carbon fibre preforms using final element method
Full text linkAnizotropno trenje ima ključno vlogo pri procesu preoblikovanja polizdelkov iz ogljikovih vlaken. Ta kompleksni pojav otežuje načrtovanje preoblikovalnih orodij in določanje procesnih parametrov. Pri tem si lahko pomagamo s pomočjo numeričnih simulacij na osnovi metode končnih elementov. Da bi natančno napovedali proces preoblikovanja je v simulacijo kontakta med posameznimi plastmi ogljikovih vlaken potrebno vključiti model anizotopnega trenja.
V magistrskem delu sta predstavljena dva postopka simuliranja anizotropnega trenja z metodo končnih elementov v programskem okolju Abaqus. Prvi od modelov (M1) je standardno vključen v Abaqus okolje in ponuja eliptično razporeditev tornih sil glede na smer gibanja in usmeritev ploskev. Drugi model (M2) je del uporabniškega podprograma, ki je bil razvit v sodelovanju z razvijalci programa Abaqus in uporablja eksperimentalno določene vrednosti koeficientov trenja, ki jih uporabnik določi v obliki diskretnih vrednosti relativnih usmerjenosti ploskev v kontaktu.
Da bi zagotovili pravilno delovanje simulacij je potrebno validirati osnovne modele, ki v simulacijah popisujejo kontakt dveh teles. V ta namen so simulacije v okviru magistrskega dela izvedene na preprostih geometrijah togih teles v obliki ravnih ploskev, ki ne vključujejo materialnih lastnosti. Na ta način zagotovimo opazovanje le kontaktnih modelov brez učinkov mehanskih modelov materiala.
Prve simulacije vključujejo le obremenitve v smeri normal ploskev, brez relativnih premikov med ploskvama. Pri teh simulacijah smo opazili napačno razporeditev kontaktnega tlaka, ki se pojavlja pri določenih nastavitvah kontaktnega algoritma. Ker so torne sile neposredno povezane s tlakom na kontaktni površini smo v naslednjem svežnju simulacij ocenjevali vpliv napačne tlačne porazdelitve na ravnovesje sil in momentov v telesih. Opazili smo, da pri določenih nastavitvah prihaja do pojava vrtilnih momentov, ki niso v skladu s teorijo anizotropije trenja ter eksperimentalnimi rezultati. Na podlagi prvih simulacij smo izluščili najbolj primerne nastavitve za simulacijo trenja med dvema ploskvama.
Z nadaljnimi simulacijami smo testirali delovanje modela M1 in ocenili zmožnost da popiše anizotropne lastnosti polizdelkov iz ogljikovih vlaken. V ta nemen smo rezultate iz numeričnih simulacij smo primerjali z rezulati eksperimentov trenja med posameznimi plastmi ogljikovih vlaken. Ugotovili smo, da standardni model M1, ki predvideva eliptično porazdelitev tornih sil ne zadošča za modeliranje omenjenih lastnosti zaradi monotonosti eliptične funkcije.
Vzporedno smo predstavili zasnovo uporabniškega podprograma (M2) in testirali njegove osnovne funkcije. Ugotovili smo, da v trenutni obliki uporabniški podprogram omogoča natančno simuliranje tornih sil za kombinacije usmeritev materiala in smeri gibanja za katere lahko neposredno določimo koeficiente trenja. Za simuliranje celotnega spektra kombinacij, kjer je potrebna interpolacija med posameznimi vrednostmi koeficientov, pa so potrebna nadaljna testiranja in razvoj algoritma.
Rezultat magistrske naloge je uporabniški podprogram, ki predstavlja osnovo za nadaljni razvoj ter omogoča razširitev modela anizotropnega trenja z drugimi parametri v postopku preoblikovanja ogljikovih vlaken kot so na primer temperaturna odvisnost, viskozne in kohezivne lastnosti veziva in hitrost preoblikovanja. Za validiranje takšnega modela so potrebne nove eksperimentalne študije ter razvoj in obsežno testiranje kontaktnega algoritma.Forming of complex carbon fibre preforms predominantely depends on the effects of anisotropic friction. Simulation of the forming process using finite elements method enables succesfull definition of manufacturing proces parameters. Two simulation approaches of anisotropic friction in Abaqus software are presented in the thesis including testing of basic contact interaction models. An existing anisotropic model does not suffice for carbon fibre preforming simulations. Outline and functioning of a user subroutine for anisotropic friction modellling are presented and developed to include basic functionalities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effect of Temperature on Shear Stress Limit of Linear Theory of Viscoelasticity of Polyetherimide (PEI)
Full text linkPolimerne materiale se vedno pogosteje uporablja v zahtevnejših inženirskih aplikacijah, zato je pomembno pravilno napovedovanje življenjske dobe takih izdelkov znotraj obratovalnih pogojev, ki pa je možno zgolj dokler se material vede linearno (odziv polimera je sorazmeren obremenitvi oz. v danem obremenitvenem območju so mehanske lastnosti konstantne). Cilj zaključne naloge je določiti vpliv temperature na spreminjanje strižne napetostne meje linearne teorije viskoelastičnosti materiala PEI, kar predstavlja mejo med linearnim in nelinearnim območjem vedenja materiala. Vpliv temperature na strižno napetostno mejo smo določili preko meritev mehanskih lastnosti, t.j. strižne voljnosti, v napetostnem območju od 0,1 do 10 MPa, ter temperaturnem območju od 90 do 210°C. Iz rezultatov smo ugotovili, da je strižna napetostna meja konstantna, t.j. 5MPa, do 160°C ter nato močno pade. Poleg določitve območja uporabnosti materiala, kar je pomembno za konstrukcijske namene, izvedeno eksperimentalno delo prispeva tudi k širšemu razumevanju vedenja polimernih materialov in podaja eno izmed možnih metodologij za določitev napetostno-deformacijske meje linearne teorije viskoelastičnosti.Polymeric materials are increasingly used in engineering applications, which requires a correct lifetime prediction of products within their operating conditions. That is only possible if the material behaves linearly (response of polymer is proportional to the external load or its mechanical properties are constant within the given loading conditions). The aim of this thesis is to determine the influence of temperature on the shear stress limit of linear theory of viscoelasticity of material PEI, which represents the boundary between linear and non-linear behaviour of the material. The influence of temperature on shear stress limit of linear theory of viscoelasticity was determined through measurements of mechanical properties, i.e. shear creep compliance in stress range from 0,1 to 10 MPa and temperature range from 90 to 210°C. From the results it can be concluded, that the shear stress limit is constant and around the value of 5 MPa up to 160°C and falls drastically afterwards. The experimental work of this thesis not only serves to establish the range of usefulness for the material, but also broadens the general understanding of polymer behaviour and presents one of the possible methodologies for determining the stress-strain limit of linear theory of viscoelasticity
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A semi-Lagrangian finite volume method for solving viscoelastic flow problems
No full textRecently, there has been considerable interest in solving viscoelastic problems in 3D particularly with the improvement in modern computing power. In many applications the emphasis has been on economical algorithms which can cope with the extra complexity that the third dimension brings. Storage and computer time are of the essence. The advantage of the finite volume formulation is that a large amount of memory space is not required. Iterative methods rather than direct methods can be used to solve the resulting linear systems efficiently
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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