1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Molecular characterization of norovirus stains circulating in rural communities of Limpopo Province of South Africa
Get PDFPhD (Microbiology)Department of MicrobiologyGlobally, one in ten child deaths before the age of 5 years is due to diarrheal disease,
causing almost 800,000 mortalities worldwide, which mostly occur in Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia. Eighty-eight percent (88%) of diarrheal deaths worldwide are
attributable to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene. Unsanitary
environments and poor hygiene practices allow diarrhea causing pathogens including
viruses, bacteria and parasites to spread more easily.
Norovirus (NoV) are now considered the most common cause of outbreaks of
nonbacterial gastroenteritis. However, the factors which control the genetic diversity, the
sources of sporadic NoV infections, the transmission and persistence of infection are
poorly understood. Limited data are available for NoVs strains in South Africa,
especially in rural and peri-urban areas. Despite the excessive burden of diarrhea
disease in developing countries, NoVs outbreaks have been to date mostly reported in
developed countries. Given that the contribution of the various pathogens to diarrhea
may differ substantially between regions depending on local meteorological,
geographic, and socio-economic conditions, there is a need to investigate intensively
the role of viral agents associated with diarrhea in different settings in Africa continent.
How would poor living conditions in rural setting impact the prevalence and genetic
characteristics of Norovirus strains circulating Limpopo province is the research
question of this study.
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To determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of NoVs strains circulating in the rural
communities in the Limpopo Province, South Africa and investigate the genetic
relationship between NoVs strains, a cross-sectional study was performed on human
stools collected from rural communities. We used qualitative variables of poor living
environmental conditions including type of water used at the household of child’s parent
or guardian, use of toilet seat, presence of livestock at the household and parent
employment status to assess possible environmental risk factors of NoV infection within
the study area.
Prior to this prospective study, we conducted a systematic review of the PubMed and
EMBASE databases for published articles of Human NoVs in Africa between 1990 and
2013 in order to assess the contribution of Human NoVs to diarrhoeal diseases in
Africa. This review provides a picture of Human NoVs studies in Africa and reveals that
unreported sporadic gastroenteritis cases of Human NoVs are common in Africa. Most
are community-associated infections reported from urban settings. Possible
environmental transmission routes have been documented. Combined environmental
and clinical studies are required for targeted actions to control transmission of Human
NoVs in Africa.
Between July 2014 and April 2015, outpatient children under 5 years of age from rural
communities of Vhembe district, South Africa, were enrolled for the study. A total of 303
stool specimens were collected from those with diarrhea (n=253) and without (n=50)
diarrhea. NoVs were identified using real-time one-step RT-PCR. Nucleotide
sequencing methods were performed to genotype the strains. Phylogenetic analyses
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were performed to compare identified NoVs genotypes to the worldwide circulating
strains. One hundred and four (41.1%) NoVs were detected. NoV detection rates in
symptomatic and asymptomatic children (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 0.66 – 2.33) were not
significantly different. Comparison of the median CT values for NoV in symptomatic and
asymptomatic children revealed significant statistical difference of estimated GII viral
load from both groups, with a much higher viral burden in symptomatic children to our
knowledge this is the first study reporting on the differences in estimated viral load of GII
and GI NoV positive cases and controls. The study findings may have implications for
the diagnosis of NoV disease and future vaccine development, which may only need to
consider GII as the genogroup associated with diarrhea in the South African population.
Sequence analyses demonstrated multiple NoV genotypes identified in rural
communities of Vhembe district. The most prevalent NoV genotypes were GII.4 Sydney
2012 variants (n=7) among the capsid genotypes, GII.Pe (n=9) among the polymerase
genotypes and GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney 2012 (n=8) putative recombinants among the
RdRp/Capsid genotypes. Two unassigned GII.4 variants and an unusual RdRp
genotype GII.P15 were found. With note, the rare GII.P15 identified in this study, has a
common ancestor with GII.P15 strain from Japan previously reported as GII /
untypeable recombinant strain implicated in a gastroenteritis outbreak. To our
knowledge this is the first report of this unusual genotype in the African continent.
Though not proven predictive of diarrhea disease in this study, the high detection rate of
NoV reflects the substantial exposure of children from rural communities to enteric
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pathogens possibly. However in this study no risk factor has been found between NoV
positive and qualitative environmental variables of poor living conditions in rural setting.
The results also suggest that the difference between asymptomatic and symptomatic
children with NoV may be at the level of the viral load of NoV genogroups involved.
The findings highlighted NoV genetic diversity and revealed continuous pandemic
spread and predominance of GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney 2012, indicative of increased NoV
activity. An unusual RdRp genotype GII.P15 and two unassigned GII.4 variants were
also identified from rural settings of the Vhembe district/South Africa. NoV surveillanceNR
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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