215 research outputs found
Brachiopods of the Isca submarine cave: observations during ten years.
No full textIn: Brachiopods Past and Present, Brunton, C.H., Cocks L.R.M. & Long S.L. (Eds.), Taylor & Francis, London, chap. 27: 261-267
Brachiopods of the Isca submarine cave: observations during ten years.
No full textIn: Brachiopods Past and Present, Brunton, C.H., Cocks L.R.M. & Long S.L. (Eds.), Taylor & Francis, London, chap. 27: 261-267
Taxes vs Permits: Options for Price-Based Climate Change Regulation
No full textThis paper provides an overview of key issues involved in the choice among market-based instruments for climate change policy. Specifically, it examines the potential net benefits from shifting to a permit system for emission reduction, and the preconditions necessary for this change. It also draws out the implications of New Zealand’s specific circumstances and current climate policies for future policy development.climate change; emissions trading; permits; taxation; New Zealand
The Cenozoic Brachiopod Terebratula: its type species, neotype and other included species.
No full textThe Cenozoic Brachiopod Terebratula: its type species, neotype and other included species.
No full text
The likely regional impacts of an agricultural emissions policy in New Zealand: Preliminary analysis
No full textHendy and Kerr (2005b) find that an emissions charge on agricultural methane and nitrous oxide of $25 per tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent would be likely to reduce New Zealand's net land-use related emissions for commitment period one in the order of 3%, with full accounting. The costs per farmer and as a percentage of profit would be very high. This paper considers the regional impacts of such a policy in New Zealand by allocating the emission charge across space according to the location of animals. We then combine our emissions charge information with data on the socio-economic characteristics of the affected areas. Obviously rural areas are heavily affected. In many respects, for example median income, ethnic mix, and percentage of working people with a university degree, the rural areas most affected have very similar socio-economic characteristics to other parts of rural New Zealand. Only in two ways do they appear to differ. Our findings indicate that areas with high emission costs tend to have high employment rates, but that they also have a disproportionately high number of unqualified people.climate change, land use, social impacts, methane, nitrous oxide, dairy, sheep, beef, distribution of costs, regional
The likely regional impacts of an agricultural emissions policy in New Zealand: Preliminary analysis
No full textHendy and Kerr (2005b) find that an emissions charge on agricultural methane and nitrous oxide of $25 per tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent would be likely to reduce New Zealand’s net land-use related emissions for commitment period one in the order of 3%, with full accounting. The costs per farmer and as a percentage of profit would be very high. This paper considers the regional impacts of such a policy in New Zealand by allocating the emission charge across space according to the location of animals. We then combine our emissions charge information with data on the socio-economic characteristics of the affected areas. Obviously rural areas are heavily affected. In many respects, for example median income, ethnic mix, and percentage of working people with a university degree, the rural areas most affected have very similar socio-economic characteristics to other parts of rural New Zealand. Only in two ways do they appear to differ. Our findings indicate that areas with high emission costs tend to have high employment rates, but that they also have a disproportionately high number of unqualified people.climate change, land use, social impacts, methane, nitrous oxide, dairy, sheep, beef, distribution of costs, regional
The ecstatic display call of the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae)
No full textThe ability to understand the complex mechanisms by which species communicate has
been the focus of study for many years. The Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeds
in vocally challenging Antarctic colonies and has evolved a complex system of intra- and intersexual visual and vocal behaviours. Unique to the Adélie penguin, is the presence of two distinct display calls, the Loud Mutual Display (LMD) call and male Ecstatic Display Call (EDC). The EDC is used for both mate choice and territory defence; but apart from general structure and function this call remains basically unstudied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the EDC with regard to its function (during mate choice) and
variability over time, with location and with changing conditions. It is predicted that the EDC will be an individual call that is distinct from the LMD call. Additionally, the effects of an inclement breeding season on factors that affect breeding success will be examined using a logistic regression approach. The study took place over two breeding seasons(2000/1 & 2002/3) on Ross Island, Antarctica, with the majority of research being conducted at Cape Bird. Results of the study indicate that the EDC is an individual call that cannot reliably be described as a male display as females also give an EDC that is acoustically comparable. The similarities between the EDC and the LMD call seem to relate only to syllabic organisation (structure), as almost every call parameter was different between call types. Furthermore, several call parameters differed between Ross Island colonies. These parameters varied with both geographical location and colony size. In conjunction with variation in call parameters, the health and breeding success of the colonies was different. The stability of call parameters (from Cape Bird) indicated
that parameters that separate colonies not only alter between breeding years, but also
vary during a single breeding season. The function of the EDC as an honest signal during mate choice was supported by spectral analyses. These analyses found heavier males had significantly lower Frequency Modulation (FM) in the short repeated syllables of their
calls than lighter males. Furthermore, a male’s breeding success could be predicted
during the early breeding season by the FM. Logistic regression models showed that
early male arrival, weight and good nest quality were most influential in predicting
fledging success. The logistic regression method also showed that the parameters
measured varied in their predictive ability as the season progressed. This study has not
only enhanced the wealth of knowledge regarding Adélie breeding behaviour and
developed our understanding of the vocal repertoire of this species, but also has
implications for honest signalling theory, and the evolution and stability of vocal
variation at different spatial and temporal scales
Brachiopod Anatomy, , In "Part H; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology"
No full textPart H(Revised), Vol. 1, BrachiopodaEdited by R. L. Kaesler, coordinating author, Sir Alwyn Williams, leading a team of international specialists, 1997.First volume to be published in this extensive 6-volume revision of the Brachiopoda. Entirely devoted to introductory material, with chapters on the brachiopod anatomy; the genome; physiology; shell biochemistry; shell structure; morphology; ecology of articulated and inarticulated brachiopods; biogeography of articulated and inarticulated brachiopods; and a comprehensive glossary.TRE-H(R), vol. 1, 560 pages, 417 figures, 40 tables, hardbound, indexed, ISBN 0-8137-3108-
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