57 research outputs found
Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa (1780-1860)
No full textMehmet Emin Rauf Paşa, the state man who witnessed the reign of the pro-innovation Sultans such as Selim III, Mahmud II and Abdülmecid, is the subject of our thesis. In the 19th century, Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa, who preferred civil bureaucrats instead of military bureaucrats because of the fact that they had come out of pen, needed cadres to implement the reforms of Babali. Mahmud II, planning to rebuild the centre’s sovereignty over the provinces by eliminating the focus of power in the provinces so that reforms can be placed on a solid ground. Rauf Paşa, supported Mahmud II in his decisions. Rauf Paşa, worked with Mustafa Reşid Paşa for the implementation of bureaucratic reforms that prepared the institutional transformation that would rise above the Tanzimat which was near the death of Mahmud II. Rauf Paşa, after the announcement of the Tanzimat, has been focused on carrying out military and financial reforms that will ensure the continuation of the Empire by taking a stand for innovations in an ever-increasing innovative-traditionalist conflict. Therefore, the life of Rauf Paşa, who had been in the Ottoman Empire for 15 years, was very important because of his efforts both to understand the political balances of his life and to clarify his ages dark points. Rauf Paşa, witnessed the removal of the Janissary during his long civil service life, the establishment of the Asakir-i Mansure and the uprising of the Egyptian governor who became an international problem shortly after his departure. The portrait of the Ottoman statesman who found his expression in Rauf Paşa’s personality was built on the union of two times, both before and after the Tanzimat. However, this union did not lead to a conflict in the political life of Rauf Paşa and managed to maintain its existence from the conflict together.KABUL VE ONAY……………………………………………………………………..i
YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI………………………...ii
ETİK BEYAN………………………………………………………………………….iii
TEŞEKKÜR…………………………………………………………………………...iv
ÖZET…………………………………………………………………………………...v
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………...vi
İÇİNDEKİLER………………………………………………………………………..vii
KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ……………………………………………………………….x
ÖNSÖZ………………………………………………………………………………..xii
GİRİŞ…………………………………………………………………………………...1
1. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA’NIN SİYASET SAHNESİNE ÇIKIŞI…………………………………………………………………………………..8
1.1. BİR YÜKSELİŞ ÖYKÜSÜ: KATİPLİKTEN SADARETE RAUF PAŞA’NIN HAYATI…………………………………………………………….8
1.2. İKİ İSYAN ARASINDA BİR SADRAZAM: MİLOŞ VE TUZCUOĞLU MESELELERİ………………………………………………………………….18
1.3. BAB-I ALİ’DE İLK ÇATIŞMA: TEPEDELENLİ MESELESİ VE RAUF PAŞA’NIN HALET EFENDİ İLE İMTİHANI………………………………...41
1.4. SADARETTEN SÜRGÜNE: SAKIZ’DA BİR HAYAT………………..51
2. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA’NIN VALİLİKLERİ VE MUTASARRIFLIKLARI……………………………………………………………..57
2.1. TEKE VE HAMİD MUTASARRIFLIĞI (11 Mart 1819-16 Ocak 1821)……………………………………………………………………………57
2.2. DİYARBEKİR VALİLİĞİ (16 Ocak 1821-3 Temmuz 1822)…………71
2.3. ERZURUM VALİLİĞİ VE ŞARK SERASKERLİĞİ (1 Kasım 1821-27 Şubat 1825)……………………………………………………………………75
2.4. KASTAMONU MUTASARRIFLIĞI (27 Şubat 1825-30 Ağustos 1827)…………………………………………………………………………..104
2.5. HALEP VALİLİĞİ (30 Ağustos 1827-1 Ekim 1828)………………..117
2.6. ŞAM VALİLİĞİ (1 Ekim 1828-19 Temmuz 1831)…………………..137
2.7. KARAHİSAR-I SAHİP VE MENTEŞE MUTASARRIFLIĞI (12 Kasım 1831- 8 Ağustos 1832)……………………………………………………...160
2.8. ANADOLU VALİLİĞİ VE ORDU KAYMAKAMLIĞI (8 Ağustos 1832-18 Şubat 1833)……………………………………………………………….164
3. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA’NIN İSTANBUL’A DÖNÜŞÜ VE SİYASİ MESELELER………………………………………………………………184
3.1. İÇ VE DIŞ SİYASETİN KESİŞME NOKTASI: MISIR……………….184
3.2. SIRBİSTAN’DA HAKİMİYET MÜCADELESİ………………………..199
3.3. YUNAN TAZMİNATINDAN BORÇ ARAYIŞINA: RAUF PAŞA VE ROTHSCHILDLER…………………………………………………………...211
4. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA VE TANZİMAT……………………220
4.1. SİYASETTE DENGE ARAYIŞLARI VE BÜROKRATİK REFORM.220
4.2. VERGİ REFORMU VE TEPKİLER …………………………………...237
4.3. ORDUDA NEFER ARAYIŞINA PRAGMATİK BİR YAKLAŞIM: REDİFLER…………………………………………………………………….249
4.4. AVRUPA UYUMU KARŞISINDA GELENEĞİN SAVUNUSU……..258
4.5. SİYASETTE SON PERDE: SADARETTEN MECLİS-İ ALİYE’YE..276
5. BÖLÜM: BİR PAŞANIN PORTRESİ: MEHMET EMİN RAUF……………..280
5.1. KİŞİLİĞİ…………………………………………………………………..280
5.2. SERVETİ, KAPI HALKI VE HAYIR ESERLERİ……………………..289
5.3. VEFATI VE BORÇLARI………………………………………………..291
SONUÇ………………………………………………………………………………294
KAYNAKÇA………………………………………………………………………...299
EK 1. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın resmi…………………………………….325
EK 2. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın ailesine ait resim………………………326
EK 3. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın ailesine ait 23 Aralık 1971 tarihli Milliyet gazetesinde yayımlanan vefat ilanı…………………………………………….327
EK 4. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın ailesine ait 15 Mayıs 2004 tarihli Hürriyet gazetesinde yayımlanan vefat ilanı…………………………………328
EK 5. Rauf Paşa’nın Sadaretine dair tevarîh-i manzume…………………..329
EK 6. Sadaret makamının Başvekalet’e çevrildiğine dair hatt-ı hümayun……………………………………………………………………………332
EK 7. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın sadarete geldiğine dair hatt-ı hümayun……………………………………………………………………………334
EK 8. Tez Çalışması Orijinallik Raporu………….…………………………….337
EK 9. Tez Çalışması Etik Komisyon Muafiyeti Formu…….……………......338III. Selim, II. Mahmud ve Abdülmecid gibi yenilik yanlısı padişahların saltanatlarını görmüş olan
devlet adamı Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa, bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu’nda büyük değişimlerin yaşandığı bir zamanda, toplamda on beş yıla yaklaşan
sadaretlerini ve yine on beş yılı bulan taşra yöneticiliklerini göz önüne aldığımızda Rauf Paşa’nın
biyografisi, devre ait siyasetin nasıl şekillendiğini anlamamıza yapacağı katkılar sebebiyle
önemlidir. Nitekim Rauf Paşa, Anadolu’daki ve Suriye’deki memuriyetleri sırasında Osmanlı-İran
savaşlarına Yeniçeri Ocağı’nın kaldırılışına, Asakir-i Mansure’nin kuruluşuna ve çıkışından kısa
bir süre sonra uluslararası soruna dönüşmüş olan Mısır valisinin isyanına tanıklık etmiştir. Kalem
terbiyesi almış olması sayesinde Rauf Paşa, XIX. yüzyılda, Babıali’nin reformları uygulayacak
kadrolara ihtiyaç duyduğu bir dönemde seyfiye kökenli bürokratlar yerine kalemiye kökenli
bürokratları tercih eden II. Mahmud’a uzun yıllar sadrazamlık yapmış ve onun ilk Başvekil’i
olmuştur. Rauf Paşa, ülkede reformların sağlam bir zemine oturması için merkezin eyaletler
üzerindeki egemenliğini yeniden tesis etmek amacıyla, taşradaki güç odaklarını ortadan
kaldırmayı planlayan II. Mahmud’un siyasi merkeziyetçilik projesini desteklemiştir. Rauf Paşa, II.
Mahmud’un vefatına yakın Tanzimat’ın üzerinde yükseleceği kurumsal dönüşümü mümkün
kılacak bürokratik reformların hazırlanmasında Mustafa Reşid Paşa ile birlikte çalışarak,
yönetimde modernleşmenin önünü açan devlet adamları arasında yer almıştır. Tanzimat’ın
ilanından sonraki sadaretlerinde de çizgisini koruyan Rauf Paşa, yenilik yanlılarıyla
muhafazakârlar arasında yaşanan mücadelede yeniliklerden yana tavır alarak, imparatorluğun
devamını sağlayacak askeri ve mali reformların gerçekleştirilmesinde önemli roller üstlenmiştir.
Dolayısıyla Rauf Paşa’nın kişiliğinde karşılığını bulan Osmanlı devlet adamı kimliği Tanzimat
öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki zamanın birlikteliği üzerine inşa edilmiş; ancak bu birliktelik
Rauf Paşa’nın siyasi hayatında ikiliğe yol açmamış ve çatışmadan varlığını birarada sürdürmeyi
başarmıştır
Surgeon-Manipulated Live Surgery Video Recording Apparatuses: Personal Experience and Review of Literature
No full textUnusual cases of necrotizing fasciitis: a clinical experience from Turkey
No full textBackground Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, destructive soft tissue infection which starts on the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and spreads quickly towards the deeper tissues. Its etiology includes trauma, surgical intervention, perineal abscess, soft tissue infection, minor invasive procedures, abrasion, contusion, burn, laceration, bite, and penetrating injuries. The mortality of the disease can increase in the presence of predisposing factors such as diabetes, hypertension, immunodeficiency, self-care insufficiency, alcoholism, and advanced age. The clinical presentation of necrotizing fasciitis may vary. It is often observed in the abdominal region, the lower extremity, the perineal, perianal, scrotal and genital regions. Methods Between December 2011 and September 2016, a retrospective study of all patients admitted due to necrotic wounds and/or tissue defects was undertaken. Their clinical records were reviewed with respect to age, sex, associated morbidities, defect localization, treatment, and outcomes. Results Thirteen cases were admitted to the emergency department. There were 10 female and 3 male patients. The defects were located in the gluteal (one), trochanteric (one), thoracic (two), upper extremity (three), lower extremity (two) and perineal region (four). Pressure sores, insect bites, trauma, diabetes mellitus and perineal infections were detected in the etiology of the cases. As observed in our study, NF can present with very different etiological, demographical and clinical findings. Conclusions The cases presented some rarely observed characteristics in terms of age, sex, etiology, and infection localization. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that necrotizing fasciitis can exhibit extraordinary characteristics causing confusion with other soft tissue infections, and a detailed and meticulous evaluation must be performed for diagnosis.
Karadi 3
No full textMusic, poetry, storytelling, and lively color come together to make each of these book/cassette pairs attractive. Each tape starts with a song in which Karadi introduces himself as a teller of stories. Here Kapi, the good king of the monkeys, has warned them not to let any mangoes float downriver towards Benares. Korung, a bad monkey, lets one float down, and soon enough the king has sent boats upriver to find this wonderful fruit. When the king and his hunters arrive, Kapi understands that he must form part of a bridge to freedom for his threatened people. He does this, and the king in admiration stops his men from firing arrows at Kapi. Korung, the last across, dashes Kapi down, but he revives. When the king assures Kapi that his people can return, he forgives Korung and welcomes him back. The book and audio cassette come together in a cellophane package. Though I will list each pair under both books and audio cassettes, I will keep them together in their packages under books.Script & Direction by Shobha Viswanat
The effects of the centrifugation speed on the survival of autogenous fat grafts in a rat model
No full textPurpose The most important problem in fat transplantation is the durability, which is closely associated with the applied technique. This study includes the comparison of different centrifugation speeds on the survival of autogenous fat grafts in rats. Materials and methods Forty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and the left inguinal fat pad was extracted and re-implanted under the scalp after performing appropriate preparation processes. In the first group the fatty tissue was re-implanted in en-bloc fashion and in the second group it was re-implanted after trimming. After trimming, centrifugation with a G-force of 111.8 (1000 rpm) was performed in the third group, 447.2 (2000 rpm) in the fourth group, 1006.2 (3000 rpm) in the fifth group, 1788.8 (4000 rpm) in the sixth group, and 2795 (5000 rpm) in the seventh group for 4minutes. The fat grafts were taken after 3 months and histopathological and statistical evaluations were performed. Results The rate of viable fat grafts was significantly higher in the 4th and 5th groups comparing to the first three groups. Total weight and volume amounts of the 4th and 5th groups were also significantly higher comparing to the first three groups. Conclusion Maximal long-term durability and fat cell viability results were obtained in the groups with 2000 rpm or 447.2 G-force/4 minutes and 3000 rpm or 1006.2 G-force/4 minutes centrifugation speed, indicating that 4 minutes centrifugation with an average G-force of 698.75 or 2500 rpm provides the best results for the survival of autogenous fat grafts
Effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy as a fixator in split thickness skin graft applied diabetic patients: evaluation of 25 cases
No full textEffectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy as a fixator in split thickness skin graft applied diabetic patients: evaluation of 25 cases
Objective: Microangiopathies expose diabetic patients to lower extremity wounds at certain stages of their lives. Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) has an important place in the surgical treatment of such wounds. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on STSG survival.
Methods: A total of 25 diabetic patients (M = 20, F = 5) with acute or chronic lower extremity open wounds were included in the study. All patients underwent wound debridement under regional anesthesia. STSG was applied after wound debridement. NPWT was applied to STSG to increase graft survival.
Results: The hospitalization times of the patients ranged from 1 to 2 weeks. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 6 months. All wounds healed on the 14th postoperative day. There was no recurrence in the 6-month follow-up period.
Conclusion: We objectively demonstrated the positive effects of NPWT application on STSG and graft survival.
Keywords: Negative pressure wound therapy, Skin grafts, Diabetic patient
An Alternative Approach to Avoiding the Whistling Deformity After Cleft Lip Surgery
No full textThe whistling deformity is characterized by tissue loss in the medial tubercle of the lips after cleft lip repair. Vermilion deficits can be treated by performing upper-lip flaps, Z-plasties, V-Y plasty techniques, and tongue flaps or grafts. However, the debate continues as to which of these is the most effective procedure. In this study, the combination of dermal flap derived from lateral mucosal flap and irregular Z-plasty repair is proposed as an alternative approach for the repair of vermilion deformities. Fourteen patients who presented to our clinic with cleft lip deformities between April 2008 and December 2009 underwent modified Millard repair, Mohler repair, or Mulliken method to successfully treat 9, 3, and 2 patients, respectively. At the end of the study, it was observed that all cases resulted in a favorable postoperative cosmetic appearance. Consequently, we believe that this technique is an alternative approach that could be applied to cleft lip patients with vermilion deformity
Bolster Implementation of Custom-Made Plaster in the Reconstruction of Cleft Lip Nose
No full text[Abstract Not Available
USAGE OF CONDUITS IN PERIPHERAL NERVE REPAIRMENT, CURRENT AND ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENTS: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
No full textPeripheral nerve injury is an important cause of patient morbidity today and these injuries continue to be among the most challenging problems faced by surgeons. Important advances in microsurgery, understanding of the details of the biology and chemistry of nerve cell culture, genetic techniques, provides optimism for the improved surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. Primary interfascicular neuroraphy is the most desirable approach for peripheral nerve injuries. If the defects has been, for those defects with significant gaps precluding primary repair, nerve autografting with microsurgical technique is considered standart care. Autografting, however, can be limited due to donor site morbidity. In this respect, included are investigations utilizing different and alternative biologic active materials ant the few clinical applications of the blood vessel, muscle tissue and tubularized membrane. One possible alternative to autogenous tissue replacement is the development of engineered constructs to replace those elements necessary for nerve regeneration, including a scaffold, support cells, induction factors and extracellular matrices. Despite advances in the field of tissue engineering, results to date with nerve conduits have failed to equal the nerve regeneration achieved with autogenous grafts for large distances. Scaffolds is a key element and it is useful as it promotes axonal elongation and it was implanted for intraluminal field of conduits. Many growth factors was described for affecting in the regeneration phase for nerve regeneration. Modification of matrices was building for used are pharmacologic or exogen agents. Additional development of the nerve conduit may lead to further improvements in outcome
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