1,721,006 research outputs found
PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF THE COMBINED EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND AND ASPERGILLOPEPSINS I ON THE PROTEIN INSTABILITY INDICES OF GEWÜRZTRAMINER WINE
No full textThe formation of protein haze is one the main organoleptic faults that can occur in white wines after bottling. Normally, to remove the excess of unstable proteins, winemakers resort to specific fining agents, of which bentonite is the most common. However, this cation exchanger can negatively affect the mouthfeel and the volatile composition of wines. Recent studies have reported the effect of ultrasound (US) on the protein stability of wines, suggesting that sonication promotes conformational changes in wine proteins that lead to more stable wines. Depending on the frequency and the intensity, US have been also reported to increase enzyme activity, improving mass transfer and substrate availability. In this contest, the work aimed to acquire preliminary results related of the combined effect of sonication and Aspergillopepsins I (AP-I), acid endo-pectinases commonly known as proteases, capable of degrading proteins at wine pH and recently approved by OIV. Sonication treatments at 20 kHz and 100 % amplitude were performed on a protein-unstable Gewürztraminer wine at batch conditions, in the presence or absence of AP-I (100 mg/L). Two different sonication times (20 and 60 s) were adopted, leading wine to different temperatures (40 and 70°C, respectively) as a consequence of the batch treatment. The wines were evaluated for the concentration of PR proteins and several indices related to protein instability (i.e.: turbidity, protein charge neutralisation, zeta potential and mean particle size).
Results showed that every parameter was affected by treatments (Tukey HSD test; n=3; p<0.05). Respect to control wines, US lowered the concentration of the total PR proteins at both treatment conditions: - ~10% and - ~18% with 20 s and 60 s treatment respectively. Besides, sonication increased turbidity and protein charge neutralisation (PCN), and diminished particle size and zeta potential. The presence of AP-I during sonication further reduced the concentration of PR proteins at the more powerful conditions (~24%), and increased the zeta potential, even if maintaining negative values. The 20 s treatment supplemented with AP-I increased PCN and reduced turbidity respect to the corresponding untreated treatment and, vice versa, reduced PCN and increased turbidity at the most energetic conditions. The presence of proteases during sonication did not statistically modify the zeta potential and the particle size. Results confirmed the effect of US on the reduction of unstable proteins of the Gewürztraminer wine, at a different extent depending on the treatment conditions. The presence of proteases during sonication further allowed the reduction of these compounds, directly related to the protein instability of wines. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of interaction and the effects on the multifactorial phenomenon of protein instability, as an alternative to the heating of wine foresaw by the OIV regulation linked to the proteases utilisation, thus leading to a more sustainable oenology
Fleurtai, Soreli and Tocai Friulano: perspectives for quality integration of wine together with protection of the DOCG Lison Classico appellation
No full textContext and purpose of the study - In modern viticulture, sustainability must be considered not only into the winery,
but in the vineyard as well, being that with the most attentive interventions in order to protect the environment. In
this context, the new "fungi resistant" varieties represent a valid option for reducing the negative environmental
impact of agrochemicals used in viticulture, including those ones used in organic farming (given the copper
accumulation into soils). Several application studies have demonstrated the enological validity of many resistant
varieties, both in price and as a blend. Also, under the production point of view, the feasibility and economical
sustainability of the new resistant varieties was verified. The aim of this work was to deepen the knowledge on the
organoleptic characteristics of wines obtained from the Fleurtai and Soreli varieties and to compare them with the
wine obtained from Tocai Friulano, the mother variety in the area destined for the production of the Lison Classico
DOCG appellation. The purpose of the work is then to verify the possibility of introducing resistant varieties into the
DOCG while maintaining the wine name of the appellation linked to the territory.
Material and methods – To compare wines, a sensorial approach was applied using descriptive and ranking tests.
The group of wines analysed is made up of 12 Lison Classico from representative companies of the Lison Pramaggiore
area, and 7 wines from resistant varieties obtained both from microvinifications and cellar trials yet analysed in
different sensory analysis sessions by a panel of expert judges. The sensory panel, made up exclusively of local
enologist technicians, was trained using wines from Tocai Friulano grapes produced in the area. Following appropriate
training, a sensory card was drawn up and used in the sensory tests relating to the trials. For data analysis, the
Friedmann ranking test and the ONE-WAY analysis of variance were used.
Results – This research confirms that Fleurtai and Soreli varieties can be elaborated alone or in blends, to give a
product with qualitative characteristics equivalent to the variety Tocai Friulano. Therefore, these resistant varieties
could be gradually introduced into the production area of the DOCG Lison Classico denomination, without changing its
organoleptic typicality. The good enological aptitude of these resistant varieties could be useful in a hypothetical blend
with Tocai Friulano grapes capable of producing Lison Classico, further increasing the freshness and longevity of wine.
From this point of view, the denomination that identifies the territory would remain, regardless the cultivated
varieties, that will be defined in a fair compromise between tradition and innovation, to protect the environment and
the final consumer. At any rate, to reach this compromise, winemaker needs the introduction of Soreli and Fleurtai in
the production regulations of the Lison Classico DOCG area. The results confirm the possibility of using the new
resistant varieties together with the traditional one for a low-impact viticultur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Triacontanol (long chain alcohol) Positively Enhances the Microbial Ecology of Berry Peel in Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Glera’
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