1,721,006 research outputs found
SELF-CONSISTENT MODEL FOR AMBIPOLAR TUNNELING IN QUANTUM-WELL SYSTEMS
No full textWe present a self-consistent approach to describe ambipolar tunnelling in asymmetrical double quantum wells under steady-state excitation and extend the results to the case of tunnelling from a near-surface quantum well to surface states. The results of the model compare very well with the behaviour observed in photoluminescence experiments in InGaAs/lnP asymmetric double quantum wells and in near-surface AIGaAs/GaAs single quantum wells
Ambipolar tunneling in near-surface quantum wells
No full textWe study the photoluminescence from a near-surface quantum well in the regime of ambipolar tunneling to the surface states. Under steady-state excitation an electric field develops self-consistently due to the condition of equal tunneling currents for electrons and holes. The field induces a Stark shift of the photoluminescence signal which compares well with experi- mental data from near-surface GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum wells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ge growth on GaAs(001) surfaces studied by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy
No full textSurface modifications induced by germanium deposition onto clean GaAs(001) substrates have been monitored by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The clean GaAs(001) surfaces onto which Ge has been evaporated were c(4 x 4), (2 x 4), and (4 x 1) reconstructed. Regardless of the initial surface reconstruction, after deposition of 0.5 monolayers of Ge and further annealing at 850 K, we have always observed a (1 x 2) LEED pattern and the same characteristic RAS spectrum. On the contrary, overlayer structures obtained at intermediate stages between the clean surface and this (1 x 2) phase depend upon the initial surface reconstruction. Modifying the (1 x 2) reconstructed surface by deposition of additional monolayers of Ge or exposure to atmosphere, we have separated the surface, interface, and bulk contributions to the RAS spectra. Finally, monitoring the characteristic linear-electro-optical feature appearing at E1 and E1 + Δ1 bulk critical points, we discuss how its change in amplitude and sign could be connected to a variation of the substrate doping induced by annealing
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ge/GaAs(001) interface formation investigated by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy
No full textThe formation of the Ge/GaAs(001) interface has been investigated following the transformation of an As-dimer terminated GaAs(001)(2 X 4) surface into a Ge-Ga-dimer terminated (1 X 2) reconstruction and the subsequent deposition up to 10 ML of Ge. The modification of the surface atomic geometry and the related electronic structure has been monitored by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) and low-energy electron diffraction. Experimental results are compared to density-functional-theory-local-density-approximation and tight-binding calculations of the surface structure and optical response, respectively. The comparison between calculated and measured RAS spectra allows us to show that the (2 X 4) structure transforms into a well-ordered (1 X 2) passing through a disordered (2 X 4) phase while a previously proposed intermediate (2 X 1) structure is ruled out. At higher Ge coverages, surface and Ge/GaAs-interface contributions to the optical spectra are separated by surface modification through exposure to atmosphere. A interface contribution is identified between 1.5 eV and 2.5 eV, almost identical in line shape and amplitude to the RAS features on the Ge-Ga-dimer terminated GaAs surface. This finding demonstrates that the backbonds of the Ge-Ga-dimers, present at the Ge-Ga-dimer terminated surface as well as at the Ge/GaAs interface, determine the optical anisotropy, whereas the Ge-Ga-dimer bond itself does not contribute significantly. [S0163-1829(99)12315-4]
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