1,720,967 research outputs found
Evaluation des effets anticarcinogéniques de la flavagline synthétique FL3 sur les cellules souches cancéreuses : caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu
No full textIt is believed that small subpopulation of cells within the tumor, with powerful self-renewal capacity, are involved in tumor progression, aggressiveness and resistance to both chemo- and radio-therapy. These cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), are known to express the stemness factors Oct4 and Nanog, when they are highly pluripotent. The aim of my thesis was therefore to analyze the effects of small pharmacological molecules which are able to target in CSCs these self-renewal regulators, in order to bring new effective therapies for cancer. More specifically, this thesis was aimed to study the selective anticancer activity of a synthetic flavagline, namely FL3,on a poorly differentiated and highly malignant CSC model (i.e. the teratocarcinomal stem-like cell) that expresses the stemness factors. Here in we also used a model of very restricted normal stem cell (NSC) (i.e. the fibroblasticstem-like cell), to evaluate the selective effect of this drug. We found that, unlike in NSCS, FL3 was able to trigger a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic process in CSCS, via the activation of p38 MAPK and caspase3, followed by a downregulation of Oct4 and Nanog. We newt investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the protection ofNSCS against the cytotoxic effects of the drug. We found that FL3 selectively activated the prosurvival proteins Akt and Bad in NSCS. Indeed, forced inhibition of the expression of these proteins triggered a caspase-3 proapoptotic process in FL3-treated NSCS. In a next step, we showed that the drug, at low concentration, was able to induce the differentiation of CSCS, by downregulating the expression of Oct4 and Nanog at both transcriptionand translation levels. This effect coincided with an upregulation of the expression of several neural markers. Taken as a whole, the results reported in my thesis clearly demonstrate that the synthetic flavagline FL3 is a powerful anticancer compound, since it acts as a selective proapoptotic and pro-differentiating agent on cancer stem-like cells, without having any effect on normal stem-like cells.Il est connu aujourd'hui qu'une petite sous-population de cellules au sein des tumeurs possède une puissante capacité d'auto-renouvellement et est impliquée dans la progression tumorale, l'agressivité et la résistance à la fois à la chimiothérapie et la radiothérapie. Ces cellules, nommées cellules souches cancéreuses(CSC), sont connues pour exprimer les facteurs de souchitude Oct4 et Nanog, quand elles sont pluripotentes. Le but de ma thèse était d'analyser les effets de petites molécules pharmacologiques en mesure de cibler chez les SCCces régulateurs d'auto-renouvellement, afin d'apporter de nouvelles thérapies efficaces contre le cancer. Plus précisément, ma thèse avait pour but d'étudier l'activité anticancéreuse sélective d'une flavagline synthétique, à savoir FL3, sur un modèle de SCC peu différencié et très malin (tératocarcinome) qui exprime les facteurs de souchitude. Nous avons également utilisé un modèle de cellules souches normales restreintes (NSC) (de type fibroblastique), pour évaluer l'effet sélectif de ce médicament. Nous avons constaté que, contrairement aux NSCs, FL3 était capable de déclencher un processus pro-apoptotique mitochondriale dans les CSCs, via l'activation dep38 MAPK et de la cas pase 3, suivie par une régulation négative de Oct4 et Nanog. Nous avons ensuite étudié le mécanisme moléculaire impliqué dans la protection des NSCs contre les effets cytotoxiques de la drogue. Nous avons constaté que FL3 active sélectivement les protéines pro-survie Akt et Bad dans les NSCs. En effet, l'inhibition de la sur-expression de ces protéines a déclenché un processus pro-apoptotique lié à la caspase-3 dans les NSCs traitées par FL3. Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons montré que FL3 à faible concentration, était capable d'induire la différenciation des CSCs par la régulation négative de l'expression d'Oct4 et de Nanog, tant au niveau de la traduction que de la transcription. Cet effet a coïncidé avec une régulation à la hausse de l'expression de plusieurs marqueurs neuronaux. Pris dans leur ensemble, les résultats présentés dans ma thèse démontrent clairement que la flavagline synthétique FL3 est un composé anticancéreux puissant, agissant comme un agent sélectif pro-apoptotique et pro-différenciation sur les cellules souches cancéreuses, sans effets sur les cellules souche normales
Evaluation of the anticarcinogenic effects of the synthetic flavagline FL3 on cancer stem cells : characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved
No full textIl est connu aujourd'hui qu'une petite sous-population de cellules au sein des tumeurs possède une puissante capacité d'auto-renouvellement et est impliquée dans la progression tumorale, l'agressivité et la résistance à la fois à la chimiothérapie et la radiothérapie. Ces cellules, nommées cellules souches cancéreuses(CSC), sont connues pour exprimer les facteurs de souchitude Oct4 et Nanog, quand elles sont pluripotentes. Le but de ma thèse était d'analyser les effets de petites molécules pharmacologiques en mesure de cibler chez les SCCces régulateurs d'auto-renouvellement, afin d'apporter de nouvelles thérapies efficaces contre le cancer. Plus précisément, ma thèse avait pour but d'étudier l'activité anticancéreuse sélective d'une flavagline synthétique, à savoir FL3, sur un modèle de SCC peu différencié et très malin (tératocarcinome) qui exprime les facteurs de souchitude. Nous avons également utilisé un modèle de cellules souches normales restreintes (NSC) (de type fibroblastique), pour évaluer l'effet sélectif de ce médicament. Nous avons constaté que, contrairement aux NSCs, FL3 était capable de déclencher un processus pro-apoptotique mitochondriale dans les CSCs, via l'activation dep38 MAPK et de la cas pase 3, suivie par une régulation négative de Oct4 et Nanog. Nous avons ensuite étudié le mécanisme moléculaire impliqué dans la protection des NSCs contre les effets cytotoxiques de la drogue. Nous avons constaté que FL3 active sélectivement les protéines pro-survie Akt et Bad dans les NSCs. En effet, l'inhibition de la sur-expression de ces protéines a déclenché un processus pro-apoptotique lié à la caspase-3 dans les NSCs traitées par FL3. Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons montré que FL3 à faible concentration, était capable d'induire la différenciation des CSCs par la régulation négative de l'expression d'Oct4 et de Nanog, tant au niveau de la traduction que de la transcription. Cet effet a coïncidé avec une régulation à la hausse de l'expression de plusieurs marqueurs neuronaux. Pris dans leur ensemble, les résultats présentés dans ma thèse démontrent clairement que la flavagline synthétique FL3 est un composé anticancéreux puissant, agissant comme un agent sélectif pro-apoptotique et pro-différenciation sur les cellules souches cancéreuses, sans effets sur les cellules souche normales.It is believed that small subpopulation of cells within the tumor, with powerful self-renewal capacity, are involved in tumor progression, aggressiveness and resistance to both chemo- and radio-therapy. These cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), are known to express the stemness factors Oct4 and Nanog, when they are highly pluripotent. The aim of my thesis was therefore to analyze the effects of small pharmacological molecules which are able to target in CSCs these self-renewal regulators, in order to bring new effective therapies for cancer. More specifically, this thesis was aimed to study the selective anticancer activity of a synthetic flavagline, namely FL3,on a poorly differentiated and highly malignant CSC model (i.e. the teratocarcinomal stem-like cell) that expresses the stemness factors. Here in we also used a model of very restricted normal stem cell (NSC) (i.e. the fibroblasticstem-like cell), to evaluate the selective effect of this drug. We found that, unlike in NSCS, FL3 was able to trigger a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic process in CSCS, via the activation of p38 MAPK and caspase3, followed by a downregulation of Oct4 and Nanog. We newt investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the protection ofNSCS against the cytotoxic effects of the drug. We found that FL3 selectively activated the prosurvival proteins Akt and Bad in NSCS. Indeed, forced inhibition of the expression of these proteins triggered a caspase-3 proapoptotic process in FL3-treated NSCS. In a next step, we showed that the drug, at low concentration, was able to induce the differentiation of CSCS, by downregulating the expression of Oct4 and Nanog at both transcriptionand translation levels. This effect coincided with an upregulation of the expression of several neural markers. Taken as a whole, the results reported in my thesis clearly demonstrate that the synthetic flavagline FL3 is a powerful anticancer compound, since it acts as a selective proapoptotic and pro-differentiating agent on cancer stem-like cells, without having any effect on normal stem-like cells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
