1,721,046 research outputs found
Tackling ‘Wicked’ problems holistically with institutionalist policymaking
No full textOne of our most pressing needs in creating a more sustainable world is the explicit development of holistic policy. This is becoming increasingly apparent as we are faced with more and more ‘wicked problems', the most difficult class of problems that we can conceptualize. Such problems consist of ‘clusters’ of problems, and include socio-political and moral-spiritual issues.\ud
This paper articulates a methodology that can be applied to the analysis and design of underlying organizational structures and processes that will consistently and effectively address wicked problems while being consistent with the advocated 'learning by doing' approach to change management and policy making.\ud
This transdisciplinary methodology—known as the institutionalist policymaking framework—has been developed from the perspective of institutional economics synthesized with perspectives from ecological economics and system dynamics. In particular it draws on the work first presented in Hayden’s 1993 paper ‘Institutionalist Policymaking’—and further developed in his 2006 book, at the heart of which lies the SFM—and the applicability of this approach in tackling complex and wicked problems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Generic institutionalism : evolution, institution, complexity
Get PDFDie vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem wissenschaftlichen Feld der evolutionären institutionellen Ökonomie.Generell verteidigt sie die Idee eines ,Generischen Institutionalismus', welcher auf folgenden Ebenen wissenschaftstheoretisch kritisch hinterfragt wird: Ontologie, Heuristik und Methodologie. Die ontologische Ebene setzt sich mit der Realität von ökonomischen Einheiten und Prozessen auseinander, wobei in dieser Arbeit soziale Relationen - in Welt, Geist und Natur eingebettet - und deren endogene Entwicklung als Fundament der ökonomischen Realität angenommen werden.Wir sprechen daher von einer Realitätsauffassung die dem kritischen Naturalismus beziehungsweise der evolutionären Erkenntnistheorie am ähnlichsten erscheint. Ein solches naturalistisches Realitätsverständnis muss sozial-kritisch reflektiert sein, um Determinismen vorzubeugen, die das menschliche Handlungsvermögen und dessen pfadabhängige Entwicklung absolut deklarieren möchten, insofern wird dieser Prämisse auch aktiv nachgegangen in der Arbeit.Die heuristische Ebene beschäftigt sich mit der Problementwicklung in der evolutionären institutionellen Ökonomie, also mit der Frage wie wir gesellschaftliche Probleme beziehungsweise gesellschaftlichen Wandel als Problem konzipieren können. Zur Bewältigung dieser Frage und zur Identifikation spezifischer heuristischer Vehikel wird auf das Erbe einschlägiger wissenschaftlicher Größen des Feldes zurückgegriffen, wie etwa Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929), Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992), Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883-1950) und Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002). Diese Autoren widmeten einen Großteil ihres Forscherlebens der kumulativen Dialektik menschlichen Handlungsvermögen und struktureller Veränderung. Emergente als auch dauerhafte gesellschaftliche Strukturen werden daher in diesem Kontext als Institutionen verstanden. Die methodologische Ebene der Dissertation geht einen Schritt weiter als die Heuristische und setzt sich mit konkreten Methoden zur ökonomischen Modellierung der heuristischen Problemwelten auseinander. Diese Methoden stammen und werden entnommen aus dem Feld der Komplexität, da institutionelle Systeme als komplexe adaptive Systeme hier verstanden werden. Es wird speziell verwiesen auf die Methodik der agenten-basierten Modellierung sowie der dynamischen sozialen Netzwerkanalyse. Zuletzt werden ein konkretes Modell und dessen zugehörige Computer-Simulation generischen institutionellen Wandels präsentiert, wo beide methodischen Ansätze integrativ eingearbeitet sind.The presented dissertation deals with the scientific field of evolutionary institutional economics. Its major emphasis is to defend the idea of 'Generic Institutionalism' in terms of scientific theory, which is investigated along three meta-theoretical layers: ontology, heuristics and methodology. The ontological level focuses on the reality of economic units and processes, whereby social relations - embedded in world, mind and nature - and their endogenous development serve as a host for economic reality in this thesis. Hence the postulated conception of reality is at best comparable with the ontology of critical naturalism and respectively evolutionary epistemology. Such a naturalistic picture of economic reality needs to be socially critically reflected in order to guard against determinisms, which want to declare human agency and its path-dependent development as absolute. Insofar this premise is actively followed in the thesis.The heuristic level emphasises the framing of problems in evolutionary institutional economics. Therefore it deals with the question of how we may design and conceive societal problems and respectively how we may design and conceive societal change as a problem. For the problem of framing and the identification of certain heuristic devices it is suggested to refer to the heritage of pertinent scholars from the field, like Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929), Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992), Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883-1950) and Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002). These authors have devoted a respective part of their life-time as researchers for the cumulative dialectics between human agency and structural change. Conclusively, emergent as well as durable societal structures are understood as institutions in this context.The methodological level of the dissertation goes a step further than the heuristic one and focuses on concrete methods for the economic modelling of such heuristic problem worlds. These methods stem and are taken from the field of complexity, because institutional systems are understood as complex adaptive systems here. Therefore it is especially referred to the methodology of agent-based modelling and dynamic social network analysis. At last, a concrete model and its corresponding computer simulation of generic institutional change is presented, where both methods are incorporated in an integrated way
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