1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Determination of the prevalence and density of true plasmodium falciparum infections and gametocyte carriage during two malaria outbreaks in Zambezi region, Namibia
No full textA thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Molecular Biology)Malaria is a disease caused by parasites from the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria remains as one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Namibia has successfully reduced the malaria burden by over 90% between 2004 and 2014 and aimed to eliminate the disease by 2020, however, this progress has stalled and it has experienced outbreaks. New approaches are needed to understand and address the reasons for persistent transmission and outbreaks. Accurate diagnosis is a challenge with the routinely used Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) at low transmission settings as they have been reported to give both false-positive and false-negative results, both outcomes compromise the detection and treatment of all malaria cases. Furthermore, RDTs do not give much information about epidemiological parameters that affect malaria transmission and can be used to assess and mitigate against onward transmission of the disease which includes transmission intensity and risk of transmission. Molecular tools have been reported as being able to identify true malaria infections. This includes parasite species and strains as well as being able to give a more accurate and quantitative reflection of the malaria burden and potential risk of transmission, additional information that RDTs cannot provide. This study was conducted to confirm and identify the Plasmodium species confirmed by RDTs; quantify parasite densities and gametocytes during the 2017 and 2021 outbreak seasons to determine the importance of these parameters in assessing transmission intensity and risk. A total of 589 malaria RDT positives, (251 from the 2017 malaria outbreak and 338 from the 2021 outbreak) from the Zambezi region with corresponding dried blood spots (DBS) were analysed using DNA extracted using the Chelex method for conventional PCR. Only 223/589 (38%) RDT positive samples were confirmed as being true malaria positive: (71/251, 28% for 2017 and 152/338, 45% for 2021). All confirmed samples were identified as Plasmodium falciparum only. The QIAamp DNA kit was used to extract DNA from the 223 confirmed malaria positive samples for quantitative PCR to calculate parasite density for each malaria outbreak season (71 for 2017 and 152 for the 2021 season, a total of 223). The parasitaemia of the samples from each season was calculated and classified as follows: for 2017, low - 13%, moderate - 24%, high - 51%, hyperparasitaemia - 13%; for 2021 low - 24%, moderate - 29%, high - 40%, hyperparasitaemia - 7%. The mean parasite density was higher in 2017 (46088 p/μL) as compared to 2021 (35211 p/μL) (Mann-Whitney, p=0.008). Gametocyte carriage was determined by RTqPCR to detect and quantify the presence of Pfs25 transcripts for female gametocytes. The study showed that as parasitaemia increased, there was a higher chance of detecting gametocytes. Gametocyte detection was found in 59/71 (83%) for 2017 and 98/152 (64%) for 2021 using a Ct value of ≤35 as a cut-off point. There was a significant difference in gametocyte mean for 2017 (116 g/μL) and 2021 (892 g/μL) (Mann-Whitney, p=0.003). There was a moderate correlation between parasitaemia and gametocyte carriage during the 2017 outbreak (rho = 0.6) and a strong correlation for the 2021 outbreak (rho = 1) using Spearman’s Correlation. The Median test showed that during the 2021 outbreak there was no significant difference (p=0.910) between gametocyte carriage in low parasitaemia infections and moderate parasitaemia infections. This showed that low density infections are actually a risk factor for onward transmission of malaria. This study confirmed that P. falciparum is the dominant parasite causing malaria in the Zambezi region during the 2017 and 2021 outbreaks. It also showed that the use of RDTs for Reactive Case Detection (RACD) does not give an accurate picture of true malaria cases during outbreaks, only 38% of cases were confirmed by PCR. Both outbreaks showed moderate parasite density on average although both had high parasitaemia and hyper parasitaemia cases, signals indicative of an outbreak. Parasitaemia also correlated with gametocyte carriage showing that the parasite density was linked with higher transmission risk through gametocyte carriage. Thus, parasite density and gametocyte carriage as determined through the use of molecular tools can be used to assess the risk of transmission. However, further studies should be conducted in dry seasons to have a better understanding of residual transmission, parasite reservoir, and malaria epidemiology as a comparison to the outbreak seasons. The use of additional molecular analysis such as the Multiplicity of Infection (MOI), heterozygosity index and parasite transmission networks can also enrich the data collected during molecular surveillance and its usefulness in heterogeneous malaria transmission settings. It is recommended that molecular surveillance be used during passive surveillance at clinics; used during reactive case detection and Mass Screen and Treat and when targeting interventions to high-risk groups to understand the drivers of sustained transmission. This will contribute to the tailoring of cost-effective interventions and not a one-size fits all blanket intervention
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