1,354,356 research outputs found
Inreasing portion sizes - a problem for the regulation of food intake
No full textPortion sizes of food sold in supermarkets and of meals served in fast-food restaurants have increased for some years. This supersizing trend which is due to value thinking leads to increased energy intake by people whose food intake is controlled by external stimuli. Increased energy intake leads to overweight and obesity. The connection between portion sizes and weight gain is an important subject for nutrition counselling; patients should be carefully instructed about the dangers lurking in supermarkets and fast-food restaurants
The Ellrott grab: A small, lightweight sediment sampler for collecting undisturbed sandy sediments
No full textSampling sandy surface sediments is an important first step in understanding biogeochemical processes in these dynamic environments. However, sampling such sediments poses several challenges, especially when undisturbed samples with porewater are required. Several grab samplers are commercially available, but they are either prone to sample loss, too heavy or bulky for use in small vessels, or those with spring-loaded mechanisms present safety issues. Here, we present the Ellrott grab, a lightweight sediment sampler designed for collecting undisturbed surface sediments including porewater and overlying bottom seawater. The sampler consists of a frame and a rotating bowl that can collect 370 cm2 of surface sediments up to 10 cm deep (2.5 liters total volume). The instrument is 40 x 60 cm in size, has a basic weight of 10 kg, with up to 20 kg additional weights for stability in sandy sediments. Two persons can operate the grab and it can be used on small boats with a crane and winch system or a hand winch. The grab is now in routine use in the Wadden Sea and in Isfjorden, Svalbard. The samples obtained from the grab were suitable for various geochemical and microbial analyses. Using microelectrodes, we found that in situ oxygen profiles were similar to ex situ profiles in cores subsampled from the grab, confirming that the grab causes minimal disturbance to the sample. Although the grab was designed for collecting sandy sediments, it could also be applied to silty sediments, allowing straightforward and efficient sampling of various sediment types
Inreasing portion sizes - a problem for the regulation of food intake
No full textPortion sizes of food sold in supermarkets and of meals served in fast-food restaurants have increased for some years. This supersizing trend which is due to value thinking leads to increased energy intake by people whose food intake is controlled by external stimuli. Increased energy intake leads to overweight and obesity. The connection between portion sizes and weight gain is an important subject for nutrition counselling; patients should be carefully instructed about the dangers lurking in supermarkets and fast-food restaurants
Weight stabilization according to a self-help programme for overweight persons with and without support by a caloric value computer
No full textIch nehme ab is a proven programme for overweight people (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2)) that aims at a mild weight reduction or prevention of further weight gain. In th is study overweight women did lose an average of 1.3 kg per year. The proportion of very successful participants (>= 5 % below initial weight) was about 20 %. If the programme was supported by a portable nutrition computer (mealus), an average of 2.0 kg per year was lost. In this group the proportion of very successful participants (>= 5 % below initial weight) was about 30 %. The favourable effect of the nutrition computer is nearly exclusively caused by a higher compliance of the participants (a lower number of dropouts) in the initial phase of the programme
Weight loss with a modified Mediterranean-type diet using fat modification: a randomized controlled trial
No full textBACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that Mediterranean diets with a high proportion of olive oil and nuts can be effective for weight management and prevention of cardiovascular disease. It might be difficult for populations with other eating habits to follow such diets. Therefore, a modified Mediterranean-type diet using fat modification through neutral and butter-flavored canola oil, walnuts and walnut oil with two portion-controlled sweet daily snacks was tested in Germany. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Randomized waiting-list control study with overweight/grade 1 obese subjects: 12-week self-help modified Mediterranean-type diet, 6 weeks of diet plans and 6 weeks of weight loss maintenance training. Trial duration was 12 months. Intervention group (IG) included 100 participants (average age of 52.4 years, weight 85.1 kg and body mass index (BMI) 30.1 kg/m(2)), waiting-list control group (CG) included 112 participants (52.6 years, 84.1 kg and 30.1 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Per-protocol weight loss after 12 weeks was 5.2 kg in IG vs 0.4 kg in CG (P <= 0.0001), BMI - 1.8 vs - 0.1 kg/m(2) (P <= 0.0001), waist circumference -4.7 vs -0.9 cm (P <= 0.0001). Triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol improved significantly in IG but not in CG. One-year dropouts: 44% in IG and 53% in CG. Weight loss after 12 months: 4.2 kg (pooled data). CONCLUSION: A five-meal modified Mediterranean-type diet with two daily portion-controlled sweet snacks was effective for weight management in a self-help setting for overweight and grade 1 obese subjects. Fat modification through canola oil, walnuts and walnut oil improved blood lipids even at 12 months
Weight stabilization according to a self-help programme for overweight persons with and without support by a caloric value computer
No full textIch nehme ab is a proven programme for overweight people (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2)) that aims at a mild weight reduction or prevention of further weight gain. In th is study overweight women did lose an average of 1.3 kg per year. The proportion of very successful participants (>= 5 % below initial weight) was about 20 %. If the programme was supported by a portable nutrition computer (mealus), an average of 2.0 kg per year was lost. In this group the proportion of very successful participants (>= 5 % below initial weight) was about 30 %. The favourable effect of the nutrition computer is nearly exclusively caused by a higher compliance of the participants (a lower number of dropouts) in the initial phase of the programme
Social and political aspects of adipositas
No full textThere is a consensus in the scientific community on the diagnostic, health, and economic implications of overweight and obesity, but therapeutic results - with a negative energy balance as the main concept of pathogenesis - are limited. Latest scientific studies did change the paradigm: instead of attributing obesity to patients' lack of willpower, genetic disposition and environmental factors are now recognized as the main contributors to this epidemic. In consequence, unsuccessful preventive strategies have to be replaced by setting orientated those that focus much more on environmental changes promoting more physical activity and less energy intake. This could even be done by changing relevant laws. Such changes could facilitate individual behaviour changes despite evolutionary predisposition. Acknowledging obesity as a chronic disease would be the first important step
University Students as Change Agents for Health and Sustainability: A Pilot Study on the Effects of a Teaching Kitchen-Based Planetary Health Diet Curriculum
No full textGlobal dietary habits are one of the main drivers of climate change. At the same time, they contribute to 11 million premature deaths every year. This raises the question of how the urgently needed transformation of food systems can be realized. Regardless of their degree paths, all university students, in their role as potential future experts and leaders in their fields, can serve as important change agents in society. In this paper, we (a) introduce a university curriculum in a teaching kitchen setting that is based on the planetary health diet (PHD) of the EAT-Lancet Commission, (b) investigate its feasibility, and (c) analyze its effects on the planetary health diet literacy of a pilot cohort of university students enrolled in various degree programs. We developed seven flipped classroom teaching kitchen sessions based on social cognitive theory (SCT), each consisting of a one-hour seminar with student presentations on various nutrition- and sustainability-related key topics, followed by corresponding two-hour hands-on cooking classes. To assess feasibility, specific questions from the official teaching evaluation of the University of Göttingen were analyzed. Changes in self-assessed planetary health diet literacy were measured using a pre- and post-survey. During the pilot phase, 26 students successfully completed the course. A total of 25 participants responded to the teaching evaluation and expressed high satisfaction with the course, the learning outcomes, and the level of demand. A total of 26 participants completed the pre- and post-survey. At the post-intervention, the students rated their planetary health diet literacy as 21 to 98% higher than before their course participation. The findings of this pilot study indicate that the curriculum was well-received and feasible with the target group, and they demonstrate that the course participation increased the university students’ self-assessed ability to disseminate strategies for more sustainable and healthy diets. Through replication at other universities worldwide, the teaching kitchen-based planetary health diet curriculum might foster a social shift towards healthier and more climate-friendly food systems.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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