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Investigations in surface tension in thin films and self-diffusion in nanocomposites : lab experiences can help secondary educators better their instructional practices
Full text linktextThis report documents the experiences and applications to practice of a secondary science teacher, instructional coach, and educational consultant performing academic research on surface tension in thin films and self-diffusion in nanocomposites in a chemical engineering lab setting. Throughout this experience, the author developed knowledge for and of engineering teaching through authentic learning experiences. These learning experiences will be used as a model to assist mentee teachers in developing authentic learning experiences for students that create an awareness of engineering while fostering engineering habits of mind and an understanding of the engineering design process.Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Educatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Combat Casualty Exposure, Religion and Emotional Disturbance among Military Personnel
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.Active duty military personnel can encounter a wide array of stressful events and conditions. One recent stressor that has received attention from researchers is combat casualty exposure, which refers to the frequency with which military personnel come into contact with fellow soldiers who have been wounded or killed. Combat casualty exposure may heighten awareness of one’s own future mortality, and the resulting existential terror has been linked with various negative health outcomes, including sleep disturbance. This study examines the association between combat casualty exposure and veterans’ subsequent feelings of sadness, anxiety, and other disturbing emotions. In addition, we explore the possible role of two aspects of religion –organizational religiosity, i.e., attendance at services, and religious salience—in mitigating the deleterious effects of combat casualty exposure on emotional disturbance among veterans. Two conceptual models are developed and assessed: (a) an offsetting effects model and (a) a stress-buffering model. Data from the 2011 Health Related Behaviors Survey of Active Duty Military Personnel, a project initiated by the U.S. Department of Defense, are used to test relevant hypotheses. The effective sample size is 13,238. Results from ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models confirm that combat casualty exposure is positively associated with emotional disturbance. Both religious attendance and religious salience are inversely associated with this negative outcome, thus confirming the offsetting effects model. However, there is no evidence that attendance or salience buffers the link between casualty exposure and emotional disturbance. Findings are discussed in terms of the literatures on (a) religion and mental health and (b) mental health among military personnel and veterans.Sociolog
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Religiosity and subjective and psychological well-being in contemporary Japan
Full text linktextRelationships between religion and health have received considerable academic attention. Scholars have published hundreds of articles concerning links between religion and mortality and physical, subjective, and psychological well-being. Despite the practical and scholarly importance of these studies, do similar relationships exist in nonChristian, non-Western societies? In this dissertation I employ qualitative and quantitative methods of research to examine connections between common religious beliefs and practices and general, subjective, and psychological well-being in contemporary Japan. Ritual behaviors and beliefs in Japan differ substantially from those of the U.S., and as expected, there are important cultural distinctions concerning these associations. However, there are similarities that are equally noteworthy, and I discuss these findings and describe theoretical rationales that help explain how and why Japanese religiousness is linked positively and negatively to well-being in Japan. The first chapter provides an overview of some of the core aspects of contemporary Japanese religiousness, and I introduce new findings from a large national dataset of Japanese adults concerning religious affiliation. In the second chapter, I use in-depth interview data to support theoretical explanations concerning associations between typical household ritual practices and general well-being. The third chapter reveals strong positive correlations between life satisfaction and happiness (subjective well-being) and religious affiliation and devotion. In the final chapter, I use multivariate analysis again to explore links between psychological distress (measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and religiousness. The data for this chapter come from a selfadministered survey I designed to address the lack of valid survey questions concerning religious practices and beliefs in Japan and to assess their ties with mental health. Overall, the results of these separate studies indicate strongly that religiosity is multidimensional and that different dimensions impact Japanese well-being in diverse ways. They also provide substantial evidence for the need to be cautious when conducting cross-cultural research. This dissertation aims to fill a void concerning the study of religion and health in a non-Christian Asian nation, and it is hoped that these findings will encourage further research on this topic in Japan and in other areas of the world.Sociolog
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A unified theory of religious pluralism : from Berger to Blau
No full textNearly forty years ago Peter Berger suggested a relationship between religious beliefs and religious pluralism which attempted to predict the effects of changes in the socio-religious climate on individual religious beliefs (Berger 1967). Since that time, Berger’s theories have pervaded many arguments for and against his general increasing secularization hypothesis within the social science literature (Finke and Stark 1992, Himmelstein 1986, Lazerwitz et al. 1988, Petersen 2001, Petersen 1998, Petersen 1997, Petersen 1986, Roof 1976, Smith 1998, Smith 2003b, Stark and Finke 2000, to name a few1). Inconsistent findings from this body of literature have been divisive. This article attempts to bridge some of this divisiveness and show that by adding a missing piece to the theoretical perspective presented by Berger, these ambiguous findings are easily subsumed under one theoretical umbrellaSociolog
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Religion, gender, and family relations in Taiwan
Full text linkNumerous studies show that religion has a strong association with gender role attitudes and family ideology in the U.S. Some religious traditions have fostered changes toward modern gender ideologies and others resisted. However, most studies are limited to Judeo-Christian contexts. It is not clear whether these patterns apply to societies where other religious traditions have been dominant or where gender issues are different -- for example in a Confucian society like Taiwan. The goal of this study is to understand the role of religion in gender and family relations in Chinese societies -- particularly marital gender roles, educational aspirations, and abortion attitudes and decisions. I utilize two large scale nationally representative surveys: the Taiwan Social Change Survey and the Knowledge of, Attitudes toward, and the Practice of Contraception Survey. My research shows that religion is significantly associated with gender roles and family relations in Taiwan. After controlling socio-demographic factors, conservative religious groups such as Taiwan Protestants and Yi-Guan-Dao members are more likely to support traditional gender role ideologies. They view women's fulltime work outside of the home as a negative influence on children and family life and are more likely to support a traditional men-as-breadwinner women-as-home-maker division of labor, compared with Chinese traditional religionists and secular people. Catholics tend to hold more liberal views that encourage men's participation in housework and both spouses' contribution to family finance. On abortion attitudes, both devout Christians and Yi-Guan-Dao members tend to strongly oppose abortion compared with Chinese traditional religionists and secular groups; however, there is no significant association between religion and either timing of abortion or patterns of abortion. Nominal Christians actually reported slightly higher number of abortions than other groups. Finally, there is no significant gender gap between the educational aspirations for boy and girl of different religious groups; the difference is in overall educational aspirations. Taiwanese Protestants show the highest aspirations and Yi-Guan-Dao members the lowest. Catholics and Chinese religionists are in the middle and do not have significant differences in their educational attitudes. Qualitative interviews with knowledgeable Taiwanese informants strengthens these arguments and helps explain mechanisms for the religion-family associations.Sociolog
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Religious dissimilarity and the risk of divorce : evidence from two waves of the national survey of families and households
No full textThe present study uses Cox proportional hazards modeling to examine the speed and likelihood of marital dissolution accounting for several dynamics of religiosity of married couples. It is a longitudinal study using two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households. Theological beliefs and the belief dissimilarity of spouses have little effect on the likelihood of dissolution over time. The main effect of a wives’ religious attendance decreases the statistical likelihood of divorce. Conversely, unions with husbands who attend more than there wives are at an elevated risk of dissolution over time. Denominational homo/heterogamy has little effect on the likelihood of divorce. However, mixed-faith couples in which wives identify as exclusivist Protestant are at an elevated risk. Results from all models show that mixed-race couples and cohabiters are at risk of divorce over time. Several implications and promising directions for future research are discussedSociolog
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