1,720,997 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Autonomous closed-loop musical rhythm synchronization as a mechanism to optimize gait in the real-world in persons with Parkinson disease
No full textParkinson disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder characterized by substantial walking-related disability. Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia results in reduced gait automaticity, for which persons with PD appear to compensate by reallocating attention to the task of walking. The re-allocation of attention contributes to walking disability by increasing stride time variability and hindering distribution of attentional resources to real-world walking.
Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) is a rehabilitation intervention which shows promise for improving walking in PD. RAS is an external cueing medium utilizing repetitive auditory beats to prime neurons in the motor cortex by way of direct connections between auditory and motor brain regions. RAS hypothetically enhances gait automaticity through a process of auditory-motor entrainment, in which the motor signal frequency locks to the frequency of the auditory stimulus, reducing attention directed towards walking. RAS has demonstrated immediate and potent effects on walking, as reflected clinically by improvements in speed, stride length, and step frequency.
Although promising, most RAS studies have been conducted in controlled clinic settings using fixed-tempo auditory cues to which a person must entrain. This open loop approach fails to account for the vast heterogeneity in PD gait impairments, varying entrainment abilities, and real-world environments that demand adaptive walking behavior. Moreover, the impact of RAS on gait automaticity and cognitive load is poorly understood.
To overcome these limitations and advance this field, the following studies seek to examine the effects of our autonomous closed-loop, music-based intervention designed to individualize a progressive RAS gait training program for use in real-world environments in persons with PD. Study 1 of my dissertation evaluates the feasibility of deploying this music-based device over a four-week period in an unsupervised, naturalistic environment in individuals with PD. Concurrently, this study aims to demonstrate proof-of-concept of this autonomous closed-loop music intervention through examining its impact on daily steps, daily minutes of moderate intensity walking, and walking quality (spatiotemporal gait characteristics). Complementing this, Study 2 of my dissertation is a mechanistic study exploring how persons with PD respond in real-time to the autonomous closed-loop, music-based intervention in terms of stride-to-stride entrainment stability, key spatiotemporal gait parameters, and gait automaticity. Stride time variability has been a surrogate measure recognized to capture gait automaticity and will be used to better understand whether this intervention may increase gait automaticity and reduce attention directed towards walking. Together, my dissertation will provide insight into the potential effects of gait training using RAS in real-world environments and assist in advancing gait rehabilitation interventions in persons with PD.2026-05-13T00:00:00
The effect of personal, social and behavioral determinants on physical activity in people with Parkinson's disease
Get PDFExercise is critical for effective disease management of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, people with PD are less active than their age-matched peers. The social cognitive theory of behavior provides a framework to examine this problem and to generate potential targets of intervention. In this project, I investigate the effect of, personal, social/environmental, and behavioral determinants on exercise and physical activity in people with PD.
To investigate the personal and behavioral determinants, we focused upon motivation related to physical activity. We used a neuroeconomic paradigm requiring participants to decide to accept or reject physical effort in the face of varying levels of effort and reward (effort-based decision-making). We sought to determine if effort-based decision-making specifically related to exercise was different in people with PD compared to controls (study 1). In addition, we set out to determine if components of motivation, in the form of apathy and the anticipation of pleasure, predicted decision-making for physical effort in people with PD, when controlling for the physical measures of age, physical capacity and disease severity. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to test the effect of effort, reward and trial (time) at the individual level as well as sex and the presence of PD at the group level in 32 people with PD and 23 age-matched controls. Additional exploratory analyses tested the mediating effect of age, disease severity, physical capacity as well as apathy and the anticipation of pleasure at the group level. We found that people with PD who were receiving dopamine replacement therapy, were physically active, and were non-depressed responded similarly to effort and reward valuations compared to those without PD. However, apathy and the anticipation of pleasure, after controlling for the contribution of age, disease severity and physical capacity, were significant predictors of decisions for both the discrete motor and exercise tasks in people with PD only. The apathy and the anticipation of pleasure may be unique predictors of decisions to engage in exercise in people with PD.
To investigate social/environmental and behavioral effects, we developed a PD specific peer coach training program and a remote peer-mentored walking program using mobile health (mHealth) technology with the goal of increasing physical activity in 5 peer dyads with PD (study 2). We set out to examine the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of the programs along with preliminary evidence of individual level changes in walking activity in the peer coach and peer mentee and changes in self-efficacy and disability in the peer mentees. We found that remote peer coaching using mHealth was feasible, safe, and acceptable for persons with PD. Increases in average steps/day, exceeding the clinically important difference, occurred in 4/5 mentees. Peer coaching using mHealth technology may be a viable method to increase physical activity in individuals with PD.
Taken together these two studies highlight the importance of addressing the relation between personal, behavioral and social/environmental determinants on exercise and physical activity behavior in people with PD. Motivation for exercise in people with PD was enhanced with peer coaching and when general apathy was low and anticipation of pleasure was high. People with PD who were active and were being treated with dopamine replacement therapy were responsive to rewards and were accepting of physical effort. Prescription of exercise that is associated with pleasure as well as rewards may be readily accepted by people with PD. This prescription can be supported with peer coaching to enhance physical activity outside of the formal healthcare environment. Together these factors may lead to improved management of PD by addressing the effect of motivation on physical activity.2021-09-28T00:00:00
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
