34 research outputs found
POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK MANURE FOR COAL ACTIVATION
No full textThe natural methane formed by bacteria in anaerobic conditions is known as biogenic gas. Gas trapped in coal, formed through thermogenesis as well as biogenesisis known as coal-bed methane (CBM). The availability of organic material as decomposition of this material into methane is continuously required for the production of methane in the coal aquifer. The aim of this research was to investigate whether or not cattle feces bacteria were able to grow and produce methane in coal. Parameters measured were Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) and the production of biogas, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. Explorative method was used and data obtained was analyzed by descriptive approach. The results showed that the bacteria found in the feces survived in the coal and produce biogas. On day 2 when the process was at the acidogenesis phase, it produced VFA with the largest component of acetic acid. Acetic acid would undergo decarboxylation and reduction of CO2 followed by reactions of H2and CO2 to produce methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as the final products. ,</jats:p
POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK MANURE FOR COAL ACTIVATION
No full textThe natural methane formed by bacteria in anaerobic conditions is known as biogenic gas. Gas trapped in coal, formed through thermogenesis as well as biogenesisis known as coal-bed methane (CBM). The availability of organic material as decomposition of this material into methane is continuously required for the production of methane in the coal aquifer. The aim of this research was to investigate whether or not cattle feces bacteria were able to grow and produce methane in coal. Parameters measured were Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) and the production of biogas, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. Explorative method was used and data obtained was analyzed by descriptive approach. The results showed that the bacteria found in the feces survived in the coal and produce biogas. On day 2 when the process was at the acidogenesis phase, it produced VFA with the largest component of acetic acid. Acetic acid would undergo decarboxylation and reduction of CO2 followed by reactions of H2and CO2 to produce methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as the final products.
Ecological Diversity of Microbial Consortium Feces of Beef Cattle and Lignite Coal
No full textIncreasing energy demand is not alongside the availability of limited fossil fuels. Alternative and renewable energy sources are not only an option to overcome energy problems but also essential to minimize global warming. Another critical and promising renewable energy source is biomass-derived from livestock feces. Beef cattle feces contain a microorganism consortium that can be used as a starter with coal media to form biogas. Indonesia recently developed coal waste processing into renewable energy, such as biogas. This study aimed to overview the ecological diversity of microbial consortium of beef cattle feces, lignite coal waste, and a combination of livestock and lignite coal waste under mesophilic conditions. This research is an explorative method, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The process of formation was carried out anaerobically on a bottle containing the rumen fluid medium. The fermentation process lasted 42 days at 39℃ of temperature. After that, the sample was electrophoresis, followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. NGS data is processed with the MG-Rast website. This study demonstrates the ecological diversity of microbial consortium of beef cattle, lignite coal waste, and a combined consortium. The results showed ecological diversity in the form of taxonomy dominated by bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea
Population Density Levels Wight and Length of Maggot Black Soldier Flies (Hermetia Illucens) with Different Feed Formulation
No full textBlack Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots are decomposing agents cultivated to convert organic materials. Both on-farm and off-farm livestock waste, as well as kitchen organic waste, are organic materials. Organic waste and its by-products can be degraded by BSF maggots into biomass rich in protein, which can be used as feed. This study aims to evaluate the effects of formulating dairy cow feces, milk sediment, and kitchen organic waste (KOW) as growth media on the population density, weight, and length of BSF maggots. The research method used is experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) involving four treatments and five replicates. The treatments include 100% KOW (P0), 50% KOW and 50% dairy cow feces (P1), 50% KOW and 50% milk sediment (P2), and 33.33% KOW, 33.33% dairy cow feces, and 33.33% milk sediment (P3). BSF maggot rearing was carried out for 20 days, from BSF eggs to the prepupa stage. The conclusion of this study was that the P2 formulation (dairy cow feces and kitchen organic waste) could increase the population density of BSF maggots, and the P3 formulation (dairy cow feces, milk sediment, and kitchen organic waste) could increase the weight and length of BSF maggots
Aerobic processing of sheep farming faeces using indigenous microorganism decomposers and maggot
No full textSheep solid waste in feces can be processed and converted using indigenous microorganisms and the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot detritivore. The results of the decomposition of organic material from sheep feces can be BFS maggot biomass and BSF frass. The research involved combining sheep feces with milk processing industry sludge and organic kitchen waste and aerobically processing them using indigenous microorganism decomposers and BSF maggot detritivores. This research aims to convert sheep feces into BSF maggot and BSF frass biomass using various waste materials, indigenous bacteria, and fungi using exploration methods. The method used was exploration, and data was obtained in a descriptive. Beginning with a 7-day initial decomposition process by microorganism decomposers, the process of processing sheep feces then continues for 21 days by maggot detritivores. The research showed that indigenous bacteria and fungi in the substrate amounted to 5 × 1010 cfu/g and 3 × 105 cfu/g. Processing sheep feces could reduce the amount of waste, which resulted in a reduction of 63,87%, resulting in BSF maggot biomass of 1042±98.4631 g and Frass BSF of 1084±55.8345 g
Identification of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) in Edible Offal
No full textPlumbum (Pb) is a heavy metal that its presence is undesirable because it can lead to the formation of residues in animal or human body which cause health problems. Pb source can be derived from disinfectant, bedding materials, corrosion equipment, paint, animal feed, water and soil. Livestock farming is difficult to avoid Pb contamination, so it is important to do research on the identification of Pb in edible animal offal (pig liver, beef cattle tripe and lamb kidney). This research is an exploratory study on 12 samples of pig liver, 12 samples of beef cattle tripe and 12 samples of lamb kidney which sold in the traditional market in Bandung, the samples were analyzed using AAS machine at Balai Penelitian Veteriner in Bogor, data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 50% of beef cattle tripe contains residues of heavy metals Pb, accounted 0.98 ppm on average, while all samples of pig liver and lamb kidneys contain residues of heavy metals Pb with average residues 0.35 ppm and 0.50 ppm, respectively. This condition is safe because it below the MRL (Maximum Residue Limits) established by SNI which is 1.00 ppm
The Effect of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) Extract Concentration as Coagulant on Physical and Chemical Characteristic Fresh Cheese
No full textCheese is one of the processed products originating from milk which is mostly imported from other countries. Fresh cheese is a soft cheese without ripening process. Protease is one of the important enzymes in cheese making industry, which catalyst to hydrolyze peptide bonds. The purpose of this study was to study the physical and chemical characteristics of fresh cheese at several concentrations of strawberry extract as a coagulant. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments at the concentration level of strawberry extract P1 (20%), P2 (30%), and P3 (40%), with six replications. The data obtained were evaluated using the variance test and to determine the differences between treatments, the Duncan multiple distance test was carried out. The observed variables were yield, water content, milk clotting activity, pH and color of fresh cheese. The results showed that strawberry extract can be used as a coagulant in the manufacture of fresh cheese up to a concentration of 40% with a yield of 23.81%, water content, milk clotting activity 1260.09 SU/mL, pH 5.04 and the color includes L*59, 48, a* 12.67 and b* 17.32
Paleoenvironment of Tanjung Formation Barito Basin- Central Kalimantan Based on palynological data
No full textThe research area is located in the Muara Teweh, North Barito, Central Kalimantan. The cocking coal deposits are well known as they were produced from this area. Upper part of Tanjung Formation is target coal production. The study objectives are to analyze paleoenvironment and to determine the relative age of coal deposits based on palynological data. Preparing palinological analysis used standard procedure by hydrofluoric acid method.Palynomorphs data grouped into six types of ecology, and the sequence is as follows ; fresh water and lowland (41,75 %), brackish water swamp (30,10%), Peat and freshwater swamp (17,96%), marine element (7,77 %), back mangrove (1,46%) and upland element (0,97). Palmae pollen is very dominant, especially from freshwater and peat swamp that grow around coastal area i.e. Dicolcopollis, Proxapertites cursus, Proxapertites operculatus, Longapertites and Palmaepollenites kutchensis. Although marine fossil found, but the frequency less than one percent, that was the evidence of influence sea water to swamp area. The palynomorphs indicate the coal sedimented at upper delta plain. Fossil index of relative age consist of Proxapertites cursus, Proxapertites operculatus, Magnastriatites howardi Verrucatosporites usmensis, Retistephanocolpites , and Ixonantes type which refer to Late Eocene.</jats:p
TOTAL BAKTERI DAN KOLIFORM PADA MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN MAGGOT Black Soldier Fly KOMBINASI FESES SAPI PERAH, ENDAPAN SUSU DAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DAPUR
No full textLivestock industry waste and kitchen waste contain high levels of organic matter and are dangerous if not managed properly. To overcome this problem, bioconversion can be carried out using BSF maggot. This research aims to determine whether the growth media after being degraded by BSF maggots still contains bacteria and coliform that meet the requirements for solid organic fertilizer Kepmentan No. 261 Tahun 2019. The research was carried out experimentally with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Treatment consists of P0 = 100% organic kitchen waste, P1 = 50% dairy cow feces and 50% organic kitchen waste, P2 = 50% milk sludge and 50% organic kitchen waste, P3 = 33,33% dairy cow feces, milk sludge 33,33% and kitchen organic waste 33,33%. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test. The results for total bacteria and coliform before and after degradation of BSF maggot experienced a significant decrease (P<0,05) and fulfilled the requirements for Escherichia coli in the coliform group with a total of <102 MPN/g in the BSF maggot growth media
