20 research outputs found
Jones Junior High School seventh grade students, Toledo, Ohio, 1964
No full textTerms associated with the photograph are: Jones Junior High School (Toledo, Ohio) | junior high schools | class portraits | 1964-1965 | seventh grade | students | Leffler, Bev | Cook, Mary | Fridell, Jenny | Copase, Clifford | Henry, Debbie | Nuendorf, Dave | Johnston, Paul | Holt, Darrell | Myers, Linda | Butcher, Barbara | Krantz, Sue | Gillard, Lucy | Harding, Dorthy | Smith, Sarah | Smith, Pam | Lutchey, Ellie | Nungester, Paul | Fisher, Leota | Huges, John | Smith, Debbie | Fiesel, Sandy | Williams, Tom | Ruch, George | Barwiler, Pam | Geis, Sue | Mermer, Bob | Hewitt, Ann | King, Karen | Carothers, Neal | Sherwood, Steve | Fisher, Alex | Musgrave, Mike | Smith, Tim | teachers | Lopez, Hugo V
Tendenser i skrifttecknens utveckling : Alfabet och runor
No full textTwo scholars in semiotics, William C. Watt and Herbert E. Brekle, have each made significant contributions to the history of alphabets by systematizing and generalizing empirical observations on the historical development of the written characters of Western alphabets. Watt made an important distinction between visual lines and other segments of the characters (phanemes) on the one hand, and the movements made with the writing tool to form the characters (kinemes) on the other. He stressed the importance of the latter aspect of writing for the change and development of the alphabet signs. When applied to runology this means, according to the present author, that the process of carving runes, particularly into wood with a knife, was vital in determining the development of their shapes over time. Watt distinguishes three important tendencies or trends in the development of written characters, i.e. facilitation: reducing the effort and thereby increasing the speed of writing, homogenization: making the characters more like each other, and heterogenization: making the characters more different from each other. Brekle supplements this with three principles, vectoriality: the tendency of written characters to have a direction, most often following the direction of writing, symmetry: their tendency to be symmetrically formed, and the hasta + coda principle: the tendency of alphabetic characters to be formed by one vertical line and one or two other lines attached to the main vertical. In this article, the author presents these principles and suggests some of their applications to the history of the runes
Code choice and code-switching in Swiss-German internet relay chat rooms
No full textIn the German-speaking regions of Switzerland, dialect is spoken by all social groups in most communicative situations, Standard German being used only when prescribed. Swiss dialects rarely appeared in written form before the 1980s, apart from the genre of dialect literature. Due to the growing acceptance of informal writing styles in many European languages, dialect is increasingly employed for written personal communication, in particular in computer-mediated communication (CMC). In Swiss Internet Relay Chat (IRC) rooms, varieties of German are used side by side as all chatters have a command of both standard and dialectal varieties. Depending on the channel, the proportion of dialectal contributions can be as high as 90 percent. The choice of a particular variety depends on both individual preference and on the predominant variety used within a specific thread. In this paper I take a quantitative approach to language variation in IRC and demonstrate how such an approach can help embed qualitative research on code-switching in CMC
Tendenser i skrifttecknens utveckling [Elektronisk resurs] : Alfabet och runor
No full textTwo scholars in semiotics, William C. Watt and Herbert E. Brekle, have each made significant contributions to the history of alphabets by systematizing and generalizing empirical observations on the historical development of the written characters of Western alphabets. Watt made an important distinction between visual lines and other segments of the characters (phanemes) on the one hand, and the movements made with the writing tool to form the characters (kinemes) on the other. He stressed the importance of the latter aspect of writing for the change and development of the alphabet signs. When applied to runology this means, according to the present author, that the process of carving runes, particularly into wood with a knife, was vital in determining the development of their shapes over time. Watt distinguishes three important tendencies or trends in the development of written characters, i.e. facilitation: reducing the effort and thereby increasing the speed of writing, homogenization: making the characters more like each other, and heterogenization: making the characters more different from each other. Brekle supplements this with three principles, vectoriality: the tendency of written characters to have a direction, most often following the direction of writing, symmetry: their tendency to be symmetrically formed, and the hasta + coda principle: the tendency of alphabetic characters to be formed by one vertical line and one or two other lines attached to the main vertical. In this article, the author presents these principles and suggests some of their applications to the history of the runes.</p
Producing Bias-Free Policing:A Science-Based Approach /
No full textThis Brief provides specific recommendations for police professionals to reduce the influence of implicit bias on police practice, which will improve both effectiveness (in a shift towards evidence-based, rather than bias-based) practices and police legitimacy. The author is donating her proceeds from this book to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund (nleomf.org).
Källsortering i historisk miljö
No full textThe resources of our earth are limited and need to be managed sustainably. Managing waste is thus a global issue which makes recycling of waste an important part of sustainable resource management. Sweden has come a long way in source separation of waste compared to many other European countries, with recycling techniques and equipment for source separation, in use. However, most studies look at household recycling and very little is known about waste generated in organisations and industries. Since such waste constitutes a large part of municipal waste, understanding its composition is crucial for future recycling and ultimately imperative for resource management of society. This study examines waste separation at the AF-castle in Lund. The author analysed types of waste fractions, volume of separated fractions, possible alternatives for organising the separation of waste streams and factors affecting the implementation of solutions. The result showed that the perception of storage capability did not match the factual possibilities. Several centrally located kitchens were identified and had enough space for indoor source separation. Furthermore, some fractions separated were in such bad condition that they did not meet the requirements of present standard and would therefore not have been recyclable. In addition, placement of recycling bins affected the frequency of source separation. Both findings indicates that barriers to source separation, such as keeping the fractions clean enough for recycling, must be identified and eliminated after recycling solutions are installed. More importantly, this study shows that research in design and placement of recycling solutions in organisations hardly exists. Therefore, future studies examining the design of source separation solutions linked to recycling behaviour will be beneficial. Instead of adapting an organisation and its operations to a design, the design can be adapted to cater to the needs of the organisation. Finally, the study indicates that if organisations and companies assess their requirements and barriers to source separation, source separation can be implemented in a practical, economical, aesthetic and most importantly environmentally beneficial way.Emelie Fridell Källsortering i historisk miljö För företag och organisationer kan lokalers utformning och platsbrist gör dem mindre lämpade att ställa källsorteringsmöbler i. Detta kan innebära att en del historiska byggnader på grund av sin utformning har svårare att installera källsorteringsmöbler. Vid undersökning av AF-borgen i Lund gjordes en volymbestämning av avfallsmängderna i två lokaler samt intervjuer med ansvariga i borgen, kommunen och på två möbelföretag. Studien kom fram till att om företag och organisationer tar reda på sina volymbehov för källsorterade material, identifierar specifika önskemål om hur möbler ska utformas samt systematiskt kartlägger och planerar för att ta bort de hinder som uppstår vid källsorteringen, finns goda möjligheter till en fungerande källsortering också i en historisk miljö. Vid litteraturgenomgången av tidigare studier blev avsaknaden av kunskap om källsortering i verksamheter (företag och organisationer) tydlig. Hushållsavfall hade undersökts i många studier, medan avfall som genererats i verksamheter knappt utvärderats alls. För att ett samhälle ska kunna ta hand om allt avfall på ett så bra sätt som möjligt måste vi känna till sammansättningen av avfallet. Den här rapporten undersökte möjligheterna för källsortering i studenternas tillhåll i AF-borgen i Lund där källsorteringsmöbler efterfrågats under flera års tid. På grund av platsbrist och att borgen är byggd ovanpå en medeltida kyrkogård, vilket inskränker möjligheterna till nybyggnation, har ingen fullskalig lösning ännu kunnat genomföras. Rapportens syfte var att ta reda på om lösningar fanns trots borgens historiska miljö och vad som skulle krävas för att AF-borgen skulle kunna genomföra dessa förändringar. Genom ett experiment på plats kunde volymbehovet av olika fraktioner (indelning av avfall efter materialtyp exempelvis kartong) fastställas. Sju stycken fyrkantiga soptunnor märkta med fraktionerna: kontorspapper/tidningar, kartong, plast, metall, glas, matavfall och övrigt sattes ut i två olika lokaler. Avfallsmängderna mättes varje vardag under en veckas tid. Därutöver gjordes också intervjuer för att ta reda på möjliga lösningar och specifika önskemål för utformning av möbler. Intervjuerna gjordes med verksamhetsansvariga i borgen, marknadsansvarig på Renhållningsverket, möbeltillverkare och en arkitekt på Kulturen i Lund. Vad är lösningen? Vid val av möbler finns flera möjligheter för utformning. Om exempelvis ytan som möbeln ska stå på är liten kan en avlång hög möbel vara att föredra. Om enbart liten yta finns inomhus kan källsortering göras under varje skrivbord i en liten insamlare som ersätter papperskorgarna. Personalen tar antingen själva ut och sorterar innehållet i container eller kärl eller också läggs pengar på gemensam tömning i en fraktionsvagn som körs ut av någon i personalen. Otaliga lösningar finns och det är i slutändan fantasin och ekonomin som sätter gränserna. Det viktigaste fynden var att källsorteringsmöbler behövde placeras centralt med hushållspapper invid möbeln för att öka mängden sorterat material och underlätta rengöring av det sorterade materialet. I AF-borgen var flera kök centralt placerade och där fanns också flera möjligheter för rengöring med både vatten och hushållspapper. Det skulle därför vara lämpligt att placera möbler på dessa platser. Där ingen rengöringsmöjlighet finns eller där misstanke finns om att det sorterade materialet inte kommer att kunna rengöras, kan mindre insamlare och avdelningsbara soptunnor vara ett alternativ för rena fraktioner. Viktigt att tänka på är att insamling för övrigt avfall (restavfallet) placeras nära intill källsorteringstunnan men har en annorlunda design så att skillnaden blir tydlig. När det gäller upphämtning av avfall av kommunen måste detta kunna ske på lämplig plats. Att välja mellan finns bland annat container och kärl som ställs på en hårdgjordyta eller i ett miljörum/miljöhus. För rådgivning vid utformning av förvaringsplats kan med fördel kommunen kontaktas. För företag och organisationer med platsbrist rekommenderas flerfackscontainern som genom sin utformning lyfter avfallsmängder på höjden. Om företag och verksamheter utreder sina behov vad det gäller volym av olika fraktioner och personalens önskemål om specifik utformning av möblerna som köps in, kan möblerna anpassas till verksamhetens behov istället för tvärtom. På detta sätt minskar risken för inköp av feldimensionerade möbler som kostar mer än nödvändigt eller som orsakar minskad mängd källsorterat material på grund av att möblerna är opraktiska att använda. Förutom rätt volym och utformning behöver verksamheten kartlägga de hinder som uppkommer vid källsorteringen och ta fram en plan för hur dessa hinder ska tas bort. Förslagsvis skulle kommuner kunna tillhandahålla en hel del av denna information för att underlätta verksamheters implementering av källsorteringslösningar, vilket skulle kunna leda till att källsortering blev en mer prioriterad aktivitet i hela samhället. Denna undersökning visar att det finns alla möjligheter för en fungerande källsortering även i en historisk miljö. Handledare: Beatrice Kogg Examensarbete 15 hp i Miljövetenskap 2015 CEC – Centrum för miljö- och klimatforskning , Lunds universitet AF-borgen, Lund Miljöbron, Skån
Microcredit and the informal sector on the West Bank : Do microcredit activities provide enough stimulus to lead businesses away from informal sector characteristics?
No full textFinancial services to the poor are seen as a principal way to achieve goals of poverty reduction and job creation. This study explores the dynamic of microcredit clients with informal sector characteristics. These characteristics include number of employees, registration status, having a permanent address, being based at home, being based in an open space, operating from a temporary place, and government support of businesses. In recent years, the informal sector on the West Bank has grown to become a major source of job creation for poor Palestinians. Using data collected by the author, this study finds that a majority of the responding microcredit clients are in the informal sector and some of them use microcredit to create a job for themselves because they had no alternative. There is some interest directed towards formal registration from lenders and borrowers, while general progress, in terms of formalization, is found to be fairly insignificant. Finally, we do not find that microcredit increases the probability of less informal sector characteristics acknowledged by microcredit clients. Therefore, while other factors may explain lack of formalization, microcredit is found not to provide enough stimulus on its own to lead questionnaire respondents away from the informal sector
Geothermal energy feasibility study, Portland
No full textDeposited with permission of the author. © Edward FridellThis report investigates the technical, economic and market viability of distributing geothermal water for energy purposes in the town of Portland.
The high quality of Portland's geothermal water enables existing low technology engineering practices in hot water distribution to be employed to supply geothermal energy to a potential market of approximately 130,000 GJ per year.
The utilisation of geothermal energy is limited by the minimum winter usage of town water and the capacities of the existing geothermal water bores.
It has been established that the Henty Park and Wyatt Street bores could supply up to approximately 600 domestic customers in addition to the existing geothermal customers and the potential surveyed commercial premises in or adjoining the central business district.
However, economic evaluation of a geothermal energy distribution system to supply both domestic and commercial customers has shown such a system to be commercially unviable.
The study has shown that it may be economically viable for commercial premises using diesel oil as an energy source to use geothermal energy. However, the commercial viability will depend on factors specific to the premises and assumptions on economic conditions likely to prevail.
It is recommended that geothermal energy supply to existing commercial oil fuel customers be individually considered and that supply of geothermal energy to new commercial developments be pursued and assessed.
Potential geothermal energy users identified in the study are:
Portland Hospital
Portland High School
Portland Technical School
Gordon Hote
How does fair trade, as practised by Trade Aid and MINKA, contribute to the aspirations of Quechua producers in Peru?
No full textAs part of a Master of Indigenous Studies from the University of Otago, Trade Aid staff member, Michelia Ward, conducted research throughout 2011 and 2012 on whether fair trade is able to contribute to the aspirations of indigenous producers. The research focused on fair trade as practiced by Trade Aid, New Zealand and one of its Peruvian partners, MINKA.Fair trade is a development mechanism that aims to support food and craft producers around the world to improve their lives through trade. Many indigenous communities are producers of craft or food products such as woven textiles and coffee, and have engaged in fair trade relationships selling mainly to Western consumers. Fair trade organisations have universal principles that provide guarantees to consumers about working conditions, fair payment and trading relations with producer groups. This research project focuses on whether a universal framework designed to bring development to disadvantaged and marginalized producers can work for unique indigenous cultures across multiple continents. This research focuses on Trade Aid in New Zealand and their partnership with a Peruvian fair trade organisation, MINKA, who works with Quechua producers in the Andes. Indigenous theorists place large value on local epistemes (knowledge systems) and local solutions to local problems. Is fair trade one of these local solutions, or just another solution imposed from the outside upon indigenous producers
Le roman prolétarien suédois, image (possible) d’un monde de justice
No full textÀ l’aide d’exemples précis, l’auteur s’efforce de montrer que, pendant quelques décennies, au cours du XXe siècle, la Suède a possédé un certain nombre de réponses aux grands problèmes de la société et du « vivre-ensemble », et que non seulement on en trouve la trace dans les œuvres des écrivains prolétariens de l’époque, mais que ceux-ci ont collaboré activement à leur élaboration. Sur un fond de démocratie (que Fridell, par exemple, a souhaitée « participative »), ils ont plaidé pour une économie s’inspirant largement du modèle coopératif et associant dans toute la mesure du possible le bien de l’individu à celui de la société. L’auteur en prend deux exemples : d’une part La Saga des émigrants, de Vilhelm Moberg, vaste fresque permettant de brosser l’épopée de l’individu au sein d’une entreprise collective, et d’autre part La Chaîne d’or, de Joseph Kjellgren1, œuvre dans laquelle il voit une des plus belles leçons de morale de notre époque, par sa réflexion en profondeur sur le comportement de chacun. Cette morale n’est certes plus d’actualité, mais elle pourrait être ressuscitée.In this paper, the author demonstrates with precise examples how Sweden managed to find some solutions to important social issues during the twentieth century. Not only there are marks of this in the works of the proletarian writers of the period, but these novelists also actively participated in the process. Based on democracy (that Fridell, for instance, wished to be “participative”), they defended an economy inspired by the cooperative model and that joined as far as possible the individual’s property to that of the society. The author develops two examples: The Emigrants by Vilhelm Moberg, this large panorama which paints the epic of the individual within a collective project ; and The Gold Chain by Joseph Kjellgren, in which one can find one of the greatest moral lessons of our time, thanks to its profound reflection on the behavior of us all. This kind of morality is admittedly no longer current, but it could be brought back
