1,721,005 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Neural Selectivity and Tuning for Sinusoidal Frequency Modulations in the Inferior Colliculus of the Big Brown Bat, <i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>
No full text Casseday, John H., Ellen Covey, and Benedikt Grothe. Neural selectivity and tuning for sinusoidal frequency modulations in the inferior colliculus of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1595–1605, 1997. Most communication sounds and most echolocation sounds, including those used by the big brown bat ( Eptesicus fuscus), contain frequency-modulated (FM) components, including cyclical FM. Because previous studies have shown that some neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of this bat respond to linear FM sweeps but not to pure tones or noise, we asked whether these or other neurons are specialized for conveying information about cyclical FM signals. In unanesthetized bats, we tested the response of 116 neurons in the IC to pure tones, noise with various bandwidths, single linear FM sweeps, sinusoidally amplitude-modulated signals, and sinusoidally frequency-modulated (SFM) signals. With the use of these stimuli, 20 neurons (17%) responded only to SFM, and 10 (9%) responded best to SFM but also responded to one other test stimulus. We refer to the total 26% of neurons that responded best to SFM as SFM-selective neurons. Fifty-nine neurons (51%) responded about equally well to SFM and other stimuli, and 27 (23%) did not respond to SFM but did respond to other stimuli. Most SFM-selective neurons responded to a limited range of modulation rates and a limited range of modulation depths. The range of modulationrates over which individual neurons responded was 5–170 Hz( n = 20). Thus SFM-selective neurons respond to low modulation rates. The depths of modulations to which the neurons responded ranged from ±0.4 to ±19 kHz ( n = 15). Half of the SFM-selective neurons did not respond to the first cycle of SFM. This finding suggests that the mechanism for selective response to SFM involves neural delays and coincidence detectors in which the response to one part of the SFM cycle coincides in time either with the response to a later part of the SFM cycle or with the response to the first part of the next cycle. The SFM-selective neurons in the IC responded to a lower and more limited range of SFM rates than do neurons in the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus of this bat. Because the FM components of biological sounds usually have low rates of modulation, we suggest that the tuning of these neurons is related to biologically important sound parameters. The tuning could be used to detect FM in echolocation signals, modulations in high-frequency sounds that are generated by wing beats of some beetles, or social communication sounds of Eptesicus. </jats:p
Neural Tuning to Sound Duration in the Inferior Colliculus of the Big Brown Bat, <i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>
No full text Ehrlich, Daphna, John H. Casseday, and Ellen Covey. Neural tuning to sound duration in the inferior colliculus of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2360–2372, 1997. Neural tuning to different sound durations may be a useful filter for identification of certain sounds, especially those that are biologically important. The auditory midbrains of mammals and amphibians contain neurons that appear to be tuned to sound duration. In amphibians, neurons are tuned to durations of sound that are biologically important. The purpose of this study was to characterize responses of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, to sounds of different durations. Our aims were to determine what percent of neurons are duration tuned and how best durations are correlated to durations of echolocation calls, and to examine response properties that may be relevant to the mechanism for duration tuning, such as latency and temporal firing pattern; we also examined frequency tuning and rate-level functions. We recorded from 136 single units in the central nucleus of the IC of unanesthetized bats. The stimuli were pure tones, frequency-modulated sweeps, and broadband noise. The criterion for duration tuning was an increase in spike count of ≥50% at some durations compared with others. Of the total units sampled, 36% were tuned to stimulus duration. All of these units were located in the caudal half of the IC. Best duration for most units ranged from <1 to 10 ms, but a few had best durations up to ≥20 ms. This range is similar to the range of durations of echolocation calls used by Eptesicus. All duration-tuned neurons responded transiently. The minimum latency was always longer than the best duration. Duration-tuned units have best durations and best frequencies that match the temporal structure and frequency range of the echolocation calls. Thus the results raise the hypothesis that neurons in the IC of Eptesicus, and probably the auditory midbrain of other vertebrates, are tuned to biologically important sound durations. We suggest a model for duration tuning consisting of three components: 1) inhibitory input that is correlated with the onset of the stimulus and is sustained for the stimulus duration; 2) transient excitation that is correlated with the offset of the stimulus; and 3) transient excitation that is correlated with the onset of the stimulus but is delayed in time relative to the onset of inhibition. For the neuron to fire, the two excitatory events must coincide in time; noncoincident excitatory events are not sufficient. </jats:p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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