1,721,188 research outputs found
Connecting gender, space and place: are there gender differences in the relationships between the social environment and health-related behaviours?
No full textNeighbourhood of residence may influence the health of men and women indifferent ways. For example, stronger associations among men than among women in life expectancy and area deprivation have been noted in England (Raleigh and Kiri 1997), the United States (Singh and Siahpush 2006) and Canada (Auger et al. 2010). Wider area differences in self-rated health over time have been observed among men compared to women ( Ellaway et al. 2012 ). Neighbourhood social fragmentation appears to be more strongly related to women’s mental health than that of men ( Ivory et al. 2011 ). Findings such as these suggest that there may be gender differences in the social meanings and experience of place; in differential exposure, vulnerability or sensitivity to social and physical environments (Ellaway et al. 2001 ; Stafford et al. 2005 b) and in the health-related responses of men and women (van Praag et al. 2009 ). In this chapter we will briefly review the literature on gender differences in perceptions of the neighbourhood
Distribution of physical activity facilities in Scotland by small area measures of deprivation and urbanicity
Full text linkObesity and physical activity are associated with aspects of the physical environment where people live, but the precise mechanisms of these associations are not well understood. Knowledge of the extent to which access to opportunities for physical activity is socially patterned is important to inform policy. A few studies of cities and regions (mostly conducted outside the UK) have found fewer resources in deprived areas, while others have not. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of physical activity facilities by area level deprivation in Scotland, adjusting for differences in urbanicity and population density and specifically examining differences between Scotland's four largest cities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Access to health-promoting facilities and amenities
No full textThis chapter provides a brief overview of the existing literature on the importance of the built environment to obesity and examines how local facilities, such as physical activity amenities, are distributed across different sorts of neighbourhoods. The issue of access to these facilities using different forms of transport (walking, cycling, bus or car) is explored using data from a Scotland wide study
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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