447 research outputs found
The effect of wheel set gyroscopic action on the hunting stability of high-speed trains
No full text
This study explores the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability by calculating linear and nonlinear critical speeds. First a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle with 23 degrees of freedom is developed by considering wheel set gyroscopic action. The linear and nonlinear critical speeds are calculated by eigenvalue analysis and drawing a bifurcation map respectively. Two computer programs for linear and nonlinear stability analysis are developed. Second based on an actual high-speed vehicle in China the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability are quantitatively investigated using computer simulation. Furthermore the difference between the effects of gyroscopic moments about the x-axis and zaxis is discussed. The results show that themomentabout the x-axis is harmful to hunting stability but themomentabout the z-axis is beneficial to hunting stability. However the integrated effect of these two moments can enhance the critical speeds and suppress the hunting motion.</p
The missing link: an examination of skin clothing production of north central plains Native Americans
No full textDeer hides are one of the most commonly used materials for clothing production among the prehistoric Northern Great Plains peoples. Richard Michael Gramly?s 1977 article, Deerskins and Hunting Territories: Competition for a Scarce Resource of the Northeastern Woodlands, assumed an estimate of 3.5 hides per person per year. A figure widely cited in anthropological literature, yet provides no supporting data. This investigation seeks to find that data as applied to the Plains Indians. Measurements were taken of known clothing articles to determine surface area, and these were compared with the surface areas of average sizes of small, medium, and large hides. Comparing the surface areas allowed for an accurate estimation of the number of hides needed by both a man and woman for an appropriate climate wardrobe. Such information can be vital in interpreting prehistoric and historic hunting patterns, with significant social and ecological implications
Demographic observations of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in a controlled hunting area, Ethiopia
No full textThe highlands of Ethiopia are inhabited by the culturally and economically significant mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni, an endemic spiral horned antelope. The natural range of this species has become highly fragmented with increasing anthropogenic pressures; driving land conversion in areas previously considered critical mountain nyala habitat. Therefore, baseline demographic data on this species throughout its existing range are needed. Previous studies on mountain nyala demographics have primarily focused on a confined portion of its known range where trophy hunting is not practiced. Our objectives were to estimate group size, proportion of females, age class proportions, and calf and juvenile productivity for a sub-population of mountain nyala where trophy hunting is permitted and compare our results to recent and historical observations. We collected four years of demographic data using direct point counts in a controlled hunting area and summarized the data using the R statistical software. Our results show that estimated proportion of females (0.63; 0.56-0.69) was similar to recent studies of non-hunted populations, but group size (3.74; 3.34-4.13), juvenile productivity (0.47; 0.35-0.62) and age class proportions (calves: 0.17 juveniles: 0.19 adults: 0.64) were considerably different. Our results are more similar to historical accounts than those in a national park. We demonstrate that the mountain nyala's population structure and health varies across its range and may relate to the different management strategies and policies. We recommend using similar methods for remaining under surveyed sub-populations of mountain nyala to inform conservation actions at the landscape scale
Geographic profiling in Nazi Berlin: fact and fiction
No full textGeographic profiling uses the locations of connected crime sites to make inferences about the probable location of the offender’s ‘anchor point’ (usually a home, but sometimes a workplace). We show how the basic ideas of the method were used in a Gestapo investigation that formed the basis of a classic German novel about domestic resistance to the Nazis during the Second World War. We use modern techniques to re-analyse this case, and show that these successfully locate the Berlin home address of Otto and Elise Hampel, who had distributed hundreds of anti-Nazi postcards, after analysing just 34 of the 214 incidents that took place before their arrest. Our study provides the first empirical evidence to support the suggestion that analysis of minor terrorism-related acts such as graffiti and theft could be used to help locate terrorist bases before more serious incidents occur
Hunting for trophies : Online hunting photographs reveal achievement satisfaction with large and dangerous prey
No full textFinal accepted version of article.Despite its manifold implications, insight into what satisfactions hunters derive from trophy hunting has not been thoroughly investigated. We used a novel method to assess how common satisfaction might be from harvesting animals under different achievement contexts. We scored smile types – signals of emotion and satisfaction – in 2,791 online hunting photographs. We show that the odds of true ‘pleasure’ smiles are greater when hunters pose: (a) with vs. without prey, (b) with large vs. small prey and, (c) with carnivores vs. herbivores (among older men). We emerge with a generalizable achievement-oriented hypothesis to propose that the prospect of displaying large and/or dangerous prey at least in part underlies the behavior of many contemporary hunters. Given that achievement was also likely important among ancestral hunter-gatherers and remains so in contemporary cultural and commercial marketing contexts, management might benefit by increased attention to achievement satisfaction among hunters.The lead author was supported by a University of Victoria Jamie Cassels Undergraduate Research Award and the second author by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant 435683FacultyReviewe
Hunting motivations, behaviour and forest access: Characterising wildlife hunting practices in a multi-ethnic, forested landscape of Brunei Darussalam, Southeast Asia
No full text\ua9 2025 The Author(s). People and Nature published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. Unsustainable hunting practices can alter population dynamics, driving biodiversity declines, which leads to ‘empty forests’. Understanding hunting behaviour, including motivations for hunting and relationships with market drivers, and access to hunting grounds are important to develop affirmative policies to stem biodiversity loss. Here, we investigate community hunting behaviour and motivations in the context of road network expansion. We focus on the Temburong District, Brunei Darussalam, which retains large tracts of undegraded rainforests. Cultural hunting has a long history in the region, which few studies have investigated. In 2022, following preliminary research that suggested widespread hunting across Brunei\u27s forests, we conducted household surveys (n = 32) and in-depth interviews (n = 3) with Temburong residents from multiple ethnic backgrounds to characterise hunting behaviours. We contextualised these surveys and interviews within the recently completed construction of Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien (SOAS) Bridge, which we expected would increase human mobility and thus hunting access. Applying a thematic analysis, we characterised hunting in Temburong. Hunting motivations varied greatly, but the primary motivation for hunting was non-market wild meat consumption, with target species including bearded pig, muntjac and mousedeer, which were primarily snare caught. Hunting had a high level of cultural importance in the region. While hunting is still present in the region, its cultural importance appears to be waning. Our data also present perceptions that the SOAS Bridge may be facilitating access to Temburong\u27s forests for novel hunters, potentially increasing hunting pressure. Policy implications. In Southeast Asia, narratives around hunting often centre on overexploitation and trade. We show that in Brunei, hunting has cultural importance, particularly among Indigenous communities, requiring more careful planning for mitigation strategies aiming to conserve biodiversity to avoid marginalisation of vulnerable communities. Road network expansion may attract new and distant hunters, while complex factors linked to generational changes may reduce hunting pressure in Brunei\u27s forests. Our research thus highlights that local, context-specific research is required for effective decision-making surrounding both hunting and development. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog
Features of the interrogation tactics of a suspect in illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation
No full textThe article discusses interrogation tactics of a suspect involved in illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation, necessitating the formation of specific tactical recommendations regarding the conduct of interrogations of suspects in criminal proceedings of this category. Based on an analysis of pre-trial investigation practices and scientific literature, the author proposes detailed specifications of the main provisions of interrogation tactics of suspects during the investigation of illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation.
It is established that the peculiarities of interrogating a suspect during the investigation of illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation primarily depend on the situation of this investigative action. That is, whether the person wishes to testify or not. The article also distinguishes between conflict and non-conflict situations in interrogating suspects of these categories of criminal offenses.
The author outlines typical investigative situations during the interrogation of suspects in the article and proposes a vision for resolving problematic situations during suspect interrogation based on an analysis of investigative practice and scientific literature.
The article establishes that the successful conduct of interrogation of suspects involved in illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation is based on three main factors: a) the psychological process of forming testimonies; b) establishing contact with the person being interrogated; c) skillful application of interrogation tactics considering the situation that arises during the investigative action
On the Manuscript of the Composition ‘Polowanie’ [Hunting], or ‘Heca albo polowanie na zająca’ [Battue, or Hunting the Hare] from the Collection of the Missionary Priests in Vilnius
No full textKomunikat dotyczy dwóch woluminów rękopiśmiennych znajdujących się obecnie w Dziale muzycznym Litewskiej Państwowej Biblioteki im. Martinasa Mażwidasa [Lietuvos Nacionalinės Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekos Muzikos skyrius] pod sygnaturą Mkrn-11. Badaczki z Litwy Laima Budzinauskienė i Agnė Januškaitė nazwały rękopisy ,,Wileńską Księgą Seminaryjną”. Autorka komunikatu dochodzi do wniosku, że wileńskie muzyczne woluminy rękopiśmienne powstały w 1828 r. u Księży Misjonarzy św. Wincentego á Paulo na Górze Zbawiciela w Wilnie i do zamknięcia Domu Misjonarzy w Wilnie w 1844 r. były własnością seminarium internum Księży Misjonarzy św. Wincentego á Paulo na Górze Zbawiciela w Wilnie. Dopiero po 1844 r. muzykalia trafiły do Biblioteki Wileńskiego Rzymsko-Katolickiego Seminarium Diecezjalnego, znajdującego się przy kościele pokarmelitańskim św. Jerzego, gdzie przetrwały do naszych czasów. Umieszczona w zbiorze utworów religijnych kompozycja Polowanie jest zdekompletowanym egzemplarzem opery Heca albo polowanie na zająca. Anonimowa krotochwila myśliwska w jednym akcie.The text concerns two manuscript volumes currently held in the Music Section (Muzikos Skyrius) of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania (Lietuvos Nacionalinės Martyno Mažvydo Bibliotekos) under the shelf-mark Mkrn-11. The Lithuanian researchers Laima Budzinauskienė and Agnė Januškaitė have called the manuscripts the ‘Vilnius Seminary Book’. The author of this article concludes that the manuscript volumes of music held in Vilnius were written in 1828 at the Congregation of the Mission of St Vincent de Paul on Saviour’s Mount in Vilnius and until the closure of the Mission House in Vilnius in 1844 remained the property of the Congregation’s seminarium internum. It was not until 1844 that the music-related documents were transferred to the Library of the Vilnius Diocesan Roman Catholic Seminary, located in the post-Carmelite Church of St George, where they have survived to the present day. The composition Polowanie [Hunting], held in a collection of sacred music, is in fact an incomplete copy of the opera Heca albo polowanie na zająca. Anonimowa krotochwila myśliwska w jednym akcie [Battue, or hunting the hare. An anonymous hunting farce in one act]
Compositional alterations in soil bacterial communities exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are not reflected in functional impacts
No full textTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) are increasingly released in soil ecosystems, while there is limited understanding of the impacts of TiO2NP on soil bacterial communities. Here we investigated the effects of TiO2NP on the taxonomic composition and functional profile of a soil bacterial community over a 60-day exposure period. In short-term exposure (1-day), contradictory effects on the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities were found after exposure to a low realistic environmental concentration of TiO2NP at 1 mg/kg as compared to the effects induced by medium and high concentrations of TiO2NP at 500 and 2000 mg/kg. After long-term exposure (60-day), the negative effects of TiO2NP at the low concentration disappeared, and the inhibition by TiO2NP of the abundance of core taxa was enhanced along with increasing exposure concentrations. However, although significant alterations were observed in the taxonomic composition over time and exposure concentrations, no significant change was observed in the community functional profile as well as enzyme activity after 60-day exposure, indicating that functional redundancy likely contributed to the bacterial community tolerance after the exposure to TiO2NP. Our study highlighted the importance of assessing bacterial community compositional and functional responses in assessing the environmental risk of nanoparticles on soil ecosystems.</p
- …
