657 research outputs found
A retrospective histopathological study and selected molecular genetics of archival prostatic cancer tissue
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 40-44).The aims of this study were to determine the age at presentation and the racial distribution of prostatic adenocarcinoma in the Western Cape region and correlate this with histological grade; to correlate the expression of androgen receptor, bcl-2, p53 and Cox-2 with the Gleason grade of disease and patient demographic data and to establish a method to determine androgen receptor (AR) gene amplification in formalin fixed prostatic carcinoma tissue
Group phtograph of Gleason L., Elizabeth, and Hiram Archer, circa 1940s
No full textPictured left to right: Gleason L. Archer (President, 1937-1948, and Founder of Suffolk University); Elizabeth Archer; and Hiram Archer cutting cake at unidentified Suffolk University eventhttps://dc.suffolk.edu/archer-images/1009/thumbnail.jp
BODY MASS INDEX AS A PREDICTOR FOR GLEASON SCORE UPGRADING FROM BIOPSY TO PROSTATECTOMY
No full textObjective: Gleason scores are often higher in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens compared biopsy. Obese men are at a higher risk of death from prostate cancer therefore body mass index (BMI) may be an important predictor of Gleason sum upgrading.
Methods: Between 1993 and 2014, 16,904 men underwent RP at Johns Hopkins and were eligible for this analysis. Upgrading was defined as any increase in Gleason sum and also as upgrading to a higher Gleason sum group: 2-6, 3+4, 4+3, and 8+. The association between higher BMI and upgrading was evaluated in multivariable-adjusted analyses. Separate analyses were performed in Caucasian and African American men and subsets of men with Gleason sum 6 disease, and in men with Gleason sum 6 with stage T1 or T2a, and PSA<10ng/mL.
Results: In total, 21% of men upgraded to a higher Gleason sum at RP compared to at biopsy and 8% downgraded. After adjusting for factors that were associated with upgrading, men who were overweight had a 14% higher odds of upgrading (95% CI 1.03, 1.25) and men who were obese had a 24% higher odds of upgrading (95% CI 1.10, 1.39). The association between BMI and upgrading was present among Caucasian, but not African American men (overweight OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.64, 1.28); obese OR=1.01 95% CI 0.69, 1.49). In Caucasian and African American men with Gleason sum 6, stage T1 or T2a, and PSA <10ng/mL, there was a positive association between obesity and upgrading. Addition of BMI to multivariable-adjusted analyses did not significantly improve prediction of upgrading from Gleason sum 6 prostate cancer.
Conclusions: Overweight and obesity were associated with a higher odds of upgrading between biopsy and RP in Caucasian men. In men with low risk disease, who may be eligible for active surveillance – Gleason 6 prostate cancer with PSA < 10 ng/mL and clinical stage of T1 or T2a – obesity was associated with an increased odds of upgrading in both African American and Caucasian men. Our work may inform treatment decision-making for overweight and obese men, including African American obese men, newly diagnosed with prostate cancer
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Developing a better understanding of daily support transactions across a major life transition : the role that locus of control plays in the process
No full texttextWhile much research has shown that being in a supportive relationship can buffer individuals from both the physical and psychological effects of stressful life events (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988; Uchino, 2004), research concerning actual support exchanges, specifically receiving support, has been associated with negative effects (Gleason, Iida, Bolger, & Shrout, 2003; Gleason, Iida, Shrout, & Bolger, 2008). Understanding the differential effects of this process on mood and health is the focus of this study. The current paper adds to the existing literature by first, theoretically replicating previously established support transaction patterns and their effects on mood within committed couples and second, investigating the role that personality (i.e., perceived control) plays in moderating the effects of support on mood and health outcomes. In a daily diary study of 78 couples expecting their first child, I investigate the within and between-person associations between control, support, mood, and health. Couples were asked to independently complete three weeks of daily diaries at three different time points (i.e., during their third trimester, infancy, and toddlerhood). With the exception of women in their third trimester of pregnancy, we theoretically replicate previous support patterns and the effects on mood and find both state- and trait- level control to be important in this process such that the greater an individual's sense of control, the more he or she is buffered from negative influence of support transactions. Hypotheses concerning support and health are only partially supported in that receiving support and negative health symptoms are positively associated.Human Development and Family Science
The gleason distance РАССТОЯНИЕ ГЛИСОНА
No full textFirst, some basic concepts are considered in the paper, including the Mobius transformation, the unit ball in the space of related analytical functions in the unit circle, and the Gleason distance. The author proves a theorem (demonstrated without any proof) that makes it possible to calculate the Gleason distance between the two opposite points in the pre-set unit circle. The extremum feature appears in the calculation of the Gleason distance, which coincides with the identity map of the unit circle. The Gleason distance between the two points coincides with the regular Euclidean distance between these points. Further, the author considers the Gleason distance in the simply connected domain. The simply connected domain is conformally represented in the unit circle. The two points in the simply connected domain are represented as the corresponding points in the unit circle. The author has proven that the Gleason distance between the two points in the simply connected domain coincide with the Gleason distance between two corresponding points in the unit circle. Then, the author presents a lemma (a statement without proof). It is applied to the problem of the Gleason distance between the two points in the simply connected domain. Next, the author presents several special cases: the Gleason distance as calculated between the two points in the unit circle and between the two points in the upper half-space. The two points are located (with both points being positive numbers) in the unit circle.Приведена теорема для вычисления расстояния Глисона между двумя противоположными точками, лежащими в единичном круге, а также лемма о получении экстремальной функции в этой задаче. Разобраны частные случаи вычисления расстояния Глисона в единичном круге и в верхней полуплоскости
Outcome of Gleason 3 + 5 = 8 Prostate Cancer Diagnosed on Needle Biopsy: Prognostic Comparison with Gleason 4 + 4 = 8
No full textISUP (International Society for Urologic Pathology) and WHO adopted prognostic Grade Groups 1 to 5 that simplify prostate cancer grading for prognosis. Grade Group 4 is Gleason score 8 cancer, which is heterogeneous, and it encompasses Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8, 3 + 5 = 8 and 5 + 3 = 8. The comparative prognostic implications of these various Gleason scores had not been studied by urological pathologists after a re-review of slides.
Patients with a highest biopsy Gleason score of 3 + 5 = 8 or 4 + 4 = 8 were included in the study. Controls were cases with a highest Gleason score of 4 + 3 = 7 or 9-10. A total of 423 prostatic biopsy cases accessioned from 2005 to 2013 at 2 institutions were reviewed. Clinicopathological findings and followup (median 33.4 months) were assessed.
Among Gleason score 8 cancers the cancer status outcome in 51 men with Gleason score 3 + 5 = 8 was marginally worse than in 114 with Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8 (p = 0.04). This was driven by a persistent nonmetastatic (after radiation/hormone therapy) cancer rate of 37% among Gleason score 3 + 5 = 8 cases vs 24% among Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8 cases. Conversely, cancer specific survival at 36-month followup was 97.8% in 3 + 5 cases vs 92.6% in 4 + 4 cases but this was not significant (p = 0.089). Cancer specific survival in the Gleason score 8 group was dichotomized by the presence of cribriform growth (p = 0.018). All Gleason score categories did not differ in the fraction of biopsy cores positive, clinical presentation or pathological findings, including the frequency of Gleason pattern 5, in 70 patients who underwent prostatectomy.
Using the most current standards of prostate cancer grading the prognosis is not different in Gleason score 3 + 5 = 8 and 4 + 4 = 8 cancers. This justifies including both in Grade Group 4
Effects of carpal tunnel syndrome on adaptation of multi-digit forces to object weight for whole-hand manipulation.
No full textThe delicate tuning of digit forces to object properties can be disrupted by a number of neurological and musculoskeletal diseases. One such condition is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), a compression neuropathy of the median nerve that causes sensory and motor deficits in a subset of digits in the hand. Whereas the effects of CTS on median nerve physiology are well understood, the extent to which it affects whole-hand manipulation remains to be addressed. CTS affects only the lateral three and a half digits, which raises the question of how the central nervous system integrates sensory feedback from affected and unaffected digits to plan and execute whole-hand object manipulation. We addressed this question by asking CTS patients and healthy controls to grasp, lift, and hold a grip device (445, 545, or 745 g) for several consecutive trials. We found that CTS patients were able to successfully adapt grip force to object weight. However, multi-digit force coordination in patients was characterized by lower discrimination of force modulation to lighter object weights, higher across-trial digit force variability, the consistent use of excessively large digit forces across consecutive trials, and a lower ability to minimize net moments on the object. Importantly, the mechanical requirement of attaining equilibrium of forces and torques caused CTS patients to exert excessive forces at both CTS-affected digits and digits with intact sensorimotor capabilities. These findings suggest that CTS-induced deficits in tactile sensitivity interfere with the formation of accurate sensorimotor memories of previous manipulations. Consequently, CTS patients use compensatory strategies to maximize grasp stability at the expense of exerting consistently larger multi-digit forces than controls. These behavioral deficits might be particularly detrimental for tasks that require fine regulation of fingertip forces for manipulating light or fragile objects
Effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on adaptation of multi-digit forces to object mass distribution for whole-hand manipulation
No full textAbstract Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve that results in sensorimotor deficits in the hand. Until recently, the effects of CTS on hand function have been studied using mostly two-digit grip tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the coordination of multi-digit forces as a function of object center of mass (CM) during whole-hand grasping. Methods Fourteen CTS patients and age- and gender-matched controls were instructed to grasp, lift, hold, and release a grip device with five digits for seven consecutive lifts while maintaining its vertical orientation. The object CM was changed by adding a mass at different locations at the base of the object. We measured forces and torques exerted by each digit and object kinematics and analyzed modulation of these variables to object CM at object lift onset and during object hold. Our task requires a modulation of digit forces at and after object lift onset to generate a compensatory moment to counteract the external moment caused by the added mass and to minimize object tilt. Results We found that CTS patients learned to generate a compensatory moment and minimized object roll to the same extent as controls. However, controls fully exploited the available degrees of freedom (DoF) in coordinating their multi-digit forces to generate a compensatory moment, i.e., digit normal forces, tangential forces, and the net center of pressure on the finger side of the device at object lift onset and during object hold. In contrast, patients modulated only one of these DoFs (the net center of pressure) to object CM by modulating individual normal forces at object lift onset. During object hold, however, CTS patients were able to modulate digit tangential force distribution to object CM. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, although CTS did not affect patients’ ability to perform our manipulation task, it interfered with the modulation of specific grasp control variables. This phenomenon might be indicative of a lower degree of flexibility of the sensorimotor system in CTS to adapt to grasp task conditions.</p
The Impact of Downgrading from Biopsy Gleason 7 to Prostatectomy Gleason 6 on Biochemical Recurrence and Prostate Cancer Specific Mortality
No full textPURPOSE: Gleason score is one of the most important prognostic indicators for prostate cancer. Downgrading from biopsy Gleason score 7 to radical prostatectomy Gleason score 6 occurs commonly and yet to our knowledge the impact on survival outcomes is unknown. We examined biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer specific mortality risk in a large cohort evaluated by a single group of expert urological pathologists.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 23,918 men who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between 1984 and 2014, 10,236 with biopsy and radical prostatectomy Gleason score 6 or 7 without upgrading were included in analysis. The cohort was divided into 3 groups, including group 1-biopsy and radical prostatectomy Gleason score 6 in 6,923 patients (67.6%), group 2-Gleason score 7 downgraded to radical prostatectomy Gleason score 6 in 648 (6.3%) and group 3-biopsy and radical prostatectomy Gleason score 7 in 2,665 (26.0%). Biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer specific mortality risks were compared using Cox regression and competing risk analyses adjusting for clinicopathological variables.
RESULTS: At a median followup of 5 years (range 1 to 29), 992 men experienced biochemical recurrence and 95 had died of prostate cancer. Biochemical recurrence-free survival in downgraded cases (group 2) was better than in group 3 cases, which had Gleason score 7 on biopsy and radical prostatectomy (p <0.001), but worse than group 1 cases, which had Gleason score 6 on biopsy and radical prostatectomy (p <0.001). Downgrading was independently associated with biochemical recurrence (adjusted HR 1.87, p <0.0001) but not with prostate cancer specific mortality (adjusted HR 1.65, p = 0.636).
CONCLUSIONS: Downgrading from biopsy Gleason score 7 to radical prostatectomy Gleason score 6 was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence but not prostate cancer specific mortality, likely due to the presence of minor amounts of Gleason pattern 4.restrictio
Daily Reflections (Meditations) on the Scriptures from the Roman Catholic Lectionary.
No full textIn today's Gospel reading we see that Jesus' words are not enough to convince the skeptics that He is Christ. Jesus proclaims:|The works I do in my Father's name testify to me.|But you do not believe, because you are not among my sheep.|My sheep hear my voice|I am immediately drawn to the imagery of active listening. The Gospel reading illustrates how the skeptics are not listening carefully to Jesus' words, nor are they attentive to His works. Kay Lindahl, author of Listening: A Sacred Art and a Spiritual Practice, states: "to become a listening presence we need to prepare – not only to listen to others, but also to listen to ourselves and to listen to God." Let us believe in His works and embody Him as we journey through life.|Let us take time to recognize Jesus for all of his glory, and to listen carefully so that we may follow in his footsteps. "Listening is more than hearing words, and more than an act; it's an art. What do we mean by the word art? At-oneness. Those times when we are fully present with whatever we are doing are times of oneness. Some people call them holy moments." (Kay Lindahl) I encourage us all to be "at-oneness" with ourselves, with our neighbors, and most importantly with God.|As we begin our day, let us take a moment to reflect on today's readings. Let God grant us patience to listen intently and to understand his presence in our lives more fully. Let us not waiver in our faith, and let us express our faith lovingly to our brothers and sisters.|Ame
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