1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Can a Causal Context Improve Preschool Children's Understanding of Abstract Relations in a Relational-Match-to-Sample Task?
No full textThe relational match-to-sample task (RMTS) is considered the gold standard in measuring abstract concepts like same and different. Most 3-and 4-year-olds, as well as non-human animals, do not spontaneously succeed in the classic, two-item version of the RMTS task (see Gentner, Shao, Simms & Hespos, 2021; Kroupin & Carey, 2021; Wasserman, Casto & Fagot, 2017 for reviews). Thus, it has been suggested that the ability for abstract relational reasoning only develops later in humans and is strongly connected to language (e.g., Carstensen & Walker, 2017; Christie & Gentner, 2014; Gentner, 2003; Penn, Holyoak, & Povinelli, 2008). In contrast, Kroupin & Carey (2021) argued that RMTS failure does not necessarily result from a lack of abstract reasoning abilities but could instead stem from inductive biases for other bases of matching. In support of this, children and adults perform better on an RMTS task after training that counteracted their biases for matching individual objects based on shape and color. In other studies, slight task modifications like the presentation of multiple exemplars (Christie & Gentner, 2010), labels (Christie & Gentner, 2014), or a narrated causal context (Goddu, Lombrozo, & Gopnik, 2020) have increased preschoolers' success in RMTS tasks.
So far, no conclusive evidence has been presented for either position, and the development and phylogenetic distribution of abstract reasoning abilities is still debated.
If preschool children indeed have the capacity for abstract relational reasoning, and their failure in RMTS tasks is caused by inductive biases alone, they should succeed in a version of the RMTS task that singles out relations as the relevant basis of matching and presents individual object matches as irrelevant. We developed a physical, causal RMTS task for 4-year-old children based on matching the weight relations within object pairs. The causal mechanism of this novel task nonverbally specifies the relations within object pairs as the only relevant basis of matching. In contrast to previous studies using a blicket detector design (e.g., Walker & Gopnik, 2014) or a narrated causal context (Goddu, Lombrozo & Gopnik, 2020), the relational matching is not based on arbitrary and opaque causal factors but rather on visible, actual physical relations regarding the objects' weight. To obtain a reward, the tilt of two seesaw apparatuses, a larger "gate" and a smaller, reward-containing "car", must be aligned so that the car can be pulled through the gate. In each trial of the causal RMTS task, the two objects in the sample pair (AA or BC, depending on the trial type) are placed on either side of the "gate" seesaw. Then, both objects of the choice pair selected by the participant (DD or EF) are distributed on the "car" seesaw. If the participant chooses the correct relational match, the tilt of both seesaws is aligned (both in balance or both tilted), and the reward can be obtained. When an incorrect match is chosen, the misaligned seesaws block the reward. If the children already have the capacity for abstract relational reasoning, and failure in the classic RMTS task is due to an inconclusive basis of matching, then the causal version should improve performance compared to a control group's choices in the classic task. To investigate the robustness of this effect, both groups are then presented with a transfer task using a novel set of stimuli in the classic, non-causal RMTS design. Additionally, we included conflicting object matches in half of the trials. As in the causal RMTS task, object matches between seesaws are clearly causally irrelevant, their negative effect on the relational matching performance should be reduced compared to the classic task. A pretest confirmed that 4-year-olds understand the objects' weight differences and the seesaw mechanism
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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