1,721,003 research outputs found
The Importance of Expert Opinion-Based Data: Lessons from the European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA) Research on European Child Healthcare Services.
No full textEvidence-based medicine (EBM) has gained great importance in child healthcare.Yet, the practical process of clinical decision-making is far more complex and ranges from highly sophisticated clinical trials to personal experience of a pediatrician on previously treated individual patients. Furthermore, the necessary participation of young patients and their families in decision-making is based on their feelings, wishes, medical knowledge, and health beliefs. Decisionmaking
processes in child healthcare service systems are even more complex because of a lack of evidence-based data. Longterm observational studies on the benefit and risk of new models of child healthcare are scarce, and there is no guarantee that a successful model in 1 country will work in different countries with different health system characteristics. Last but not least, the group of opinion makers involves—in addition to pediatricians—other professionals, who have different interests and biases.
Pediatric expert advice appears to have become an old style of authority in decision-making. Indeed, expert opinion can be wrong, and there are occasions when experts do not agree with each other. The concept of EBM also has its limits with regard to the process of medical decision-making, as it tends to place medicine in the field of the exact sciences such as mathematics. However, unlike exact sciences, child healthcare is less characterized by accurate quantitative expression, predictions, and hypotheses that can be tested by rigorous methods involving precise measurements. We will stress the importance of the role of expert opinion in
the planning of child healthcare services in an era when EBM is mainly sought. Plato wrote that “opinion is something intermediary between knowledge and ignorance.” Authors conclude that pediatric expert opinions should be used complementary to evidencebased pediatrics. Opinions may change the pediatric world if based on solid data, practical experience, theoretical knowledge, and creative visions. Our experience of gathering information and expert opinions from our European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA) members for improving child healthcare in Europe is summarized in this article
Changes in Routine Pediatric Practice in Light of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Full text linkThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)1 in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has rapidly emerged into a pandemic affecting national communities throughout the world.2 As of May 17, 2020, more than 4.5 million people have been infected globally at a pace of 100 000/d, and 307 395 have died.3 We will briefly discuss the effects of COVID-19 on routine pediatric practice that have surfaced during the months after the onset of the pandemic and the implications for children’s health. Our aim is to raise awareness about the likely need to remodel routine pediatric practice, both in hospital and ambulatory services, in light of COVID-19, and in the event of future similar infectious emergencies
Changes in Routine Pediatric Practice. Reply to comments
No full textA recent survey among physicians working in coronavirus disease-2019 departments in Israel demonstrated significant difficulties, such as burnout, anxiety, and depression; one of the major concerns was transmission of the infection to high-risk family members. We believe that this matter may provoke initiatives to establish and organize peer support to the staff and their families, regular sessions of discussions with the staff members to help them to cope with their difficulties, and also to instruct them how to address the concerns, fears, and emotional difficulties of their family members. These measures may prevent further burnout and decreased motivation of the staff, mitigate absenteeism, and build resilience. We should also aim to create a sense of pride in both the medical personnel and their families regarding their central role in the "corona fight.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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