9,987 research outputs found
Bridge Engineering Section, April 2013
No full textThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF caption (viewed on April 11, 2014)"Updated April 18, 2013."Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Englis
Bridge Engineering Section, April 2011
No full textThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF caption (viewed on April 11, 2014)"Updated April 28, 2011."Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Englis
Bridge Engineering Section, March 2014
No full textThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF caption (viewed on April 11, 2014)"Updated March 5, 2014."Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Englis
Bridge Load Testing: State-of-The-Practice
No full textBridge load testing can answer a variety of questions about bridge behavior that cannot be answered otherwise. The current governing codes and guidelines for bridge load testing in the United States are the 1998 NCHRP Manual for Bridge Rating through Load Testing and Chapter 8 of the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation. Over the last two decades, the practice of load testing has evolved, and its intersections with other fields have expanded. The outcomes of load tests have been used to keep bridges open cost-effectively without unnecessarily restricting legal loads, when theoretical analyses cannot yield insights representative of in-service performance. Load testing data can be further used to develop field-verified finite-element models of tested bridges to understand these structures better. In addition, structural reliability concepts can be used to estimate the probability of failure based on the results of load tests, and noncontact measurement techniques capturing large surfaces of bridges allow for better monitoring of structural responses. Given these developments, a new Transportation Research Board (TRB) Circular, Primer on Bridge Load Testing, has been developed. This document contains new proposals for interpreting the results of diagnostic load tests, loading protocols, and the determination of bridge load ratings based on the results of proof load tests. In addition, included provisions provide an estimation of the resulting reliability index and the remaining service life of a bridge based on load testing results. The benefit of load testing is illustrated based on a cost-benefit analysis. The current state-of-The-practice has demonstrated that load testing is an effective means for answering many important questions regarding bridge behavior that are critical to decisions on bridge maintenance or replacement. Load testing has evolved over its history, and the newly developed TRB Circular reflects this evolution in a practical way. Accepted Author ManuscriptConcrete Structure
Bridge 47 Target 4.7 Roadmap
No full textPublication typology: Advocacy tool.
Responsibility: Bridge 47.
Author(s): Bridge 4.7 (with contributions of the participants of the Envision 4.7 Event, Helsinki, 6–7 November 2019).
Language: English.
Publication date: November 2019.
Pages: 4.
Acess: https://www.bridge47.org/node/24
Design and implementation of a HLA inter-federation bridge
No full textIn this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a HLA inter-federation bridge. Our works are mainly motivated by the scalability and security problems, but we also consider the use of bridges for interoperability purposes. We describe several bridge topologies, including linear and cyclic inter-federations. We discuss problems raised by bridge federates and the use of different RTI implementations. We detail several solutions, leading to the design and implementation of a bridge prototype. Then we present our current results, and on-going works concerning performance improvements, interoperability, and security purposes
Precast Concrete Elements for Accelerated Bridge Construction Final Report, Volume 1-1. Laboratory Testing of Precast Substructure Components: Boone County Bridge: TR-561, January 2009
No full textIn July 2006, construction began on an accelerated bridge project in Boone County, Iowa that was composed of precast substructure elements and an innovative, precast deck panel system. The superstructure system consisted of full-depth deck panels that were
prestressed in the transverse direction, and after installation on the prestressed concrete girders, post-tensioned in the longitudinal direction. Prior to construction, laboratory tests were completed on the precast abutment and pier cap elements. The substructure testing was to determine the punching shear strength of the elements. Post-tensioning testing and verification of the precast deck system was performed in the field. The forces in the tendons provided by the contractor were verified and losses due to the post-tensioning operation were measured. The stress (strain) distribution in the deck panels due to the post-tensioning was also measured and analyzed. The entire construction process for this bridge system was documented. Representatives from the Boone County Engineers Office, the prime contractor, precast fabricator, and researchers from Iowa State University provided feedback and suggestions for improving the constructability of this design
Bridge inspection program manual
No full textTitle from PDF cover (viewed on January 18, 2023).Covers OCLC #1361810743 and OCLC #1030749370.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Usability in Ship Bridge Design - A Mission Impossible? A Qualitative Study of Maritime Stakeholders' Perspectives on Usability in Ship Bridge Design
No full textNavigating a ship requires close cooperation between the seafarers and the technology available on the ship’s bridge. The ship bridge design, which in this thesis includes the design of equipment, systems and overall layout of the bridge, strongly influences the interaction and cooperation between the seafarers and the technology. Suboptimal usability in ship bridge design is one of the factors that contribute to navigational accidents, which in turn may lead to major financial loss and potentially have catastrophic consequences for human lives and the marine environment.
Decades of research have provided knowledge about the work on the bridge, maritime design processes and methods, and new technology and innovative solutions in bridge design has been developed. In addition, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), responsible for international maritime regulations, has developed regulations that requires human factors considerations in ship bridge design. Nevertheless, suboptimal usability in ship bridge design seems to be a persistent challenge in the maritime industry. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to improved safety at sea by increasing the knowledge about factors that may influence the advancement of usability in ship bridge design.
Theoretically based within the human factors, design and safety literature, a qualitative study comprising interviews, observations and document analysis has been performed, incorporating data from seafarers, shipowners, equipment manufacturers, a shipyard, a Flag State, classification societies, maritime insurers, as well as accident investigation reports. The research has resulted in five scientific publications. The main findings are:
The seafarers, the end-users with the highest interest in ship bridge design, have low influence on ship bridge design processes. Seafarers take responsibility for bridging the usability gap by applying creative adaptive work strategies.
Core stakeholders on shore also place the responsibility for the human-technology interaction on the ship’s bridge on the seafarers, with the result that seafarers are expected to adapt to the available technology regardless of usability.
For many stakeholders there does not seem to neither economic nor regulatory incentives for paying attention to usability. The study found that the international regulation on human factors in ship bridge design is not actively enforced and the economic benefits from investing in usable bridge equipment is not apparent.
The responsibility for usability in ship bridge design seems to pulverise between the maritime stakeholders, as all stakeholders in this study believe the responsibility for usability sits with one or several of the other stakeholders – it is somebody else’s problem.
To bring about human-centred design processes in the maritime industry, it is imperative that the seafarers have a voice in ship design and procurement processes. This study illustrates that this requires the engagement of a broad set of maritime stakeholders as well as increased knowledge about, and attention to, how usability influences safety in the maritime industry.
Norsk
Å navigere et skip krever tett samarbeid mellom sjøfolkene og teknologien som er tilgjengelig på skipsbroen. Skipsbrodesignet, som i denne oppgaven inkluderer design av utstyr, systemer og overordnet utforming av broen, har stor påvirkning på samspillet og samarbeidet mellom sjøfolkene og teknologien. Skipsbrodesign med suboptimal brukervennlighet er en av faktorene som bidrar til navigasjonsulykker, som potensielt kan føre til store økonomiske tap og katastrofale konsekvenser for menneskeliv og det marine miljøet.
Tiår med forskning har bidratt til bred kunnskap om arbeidet på broen, om maritime designprosesser og metoder, og til utvikling av ny teknologi og innovative teknologiske løsninger på skipsbroen. I tillegg krever den internasjonale sjøfartsorganisasjonen (IMO), som er ansvarlig for det internasjonale maritime regelverket, at menneskelige faktorer skal tas i betraktning når man designer en skipsbro. Likevel er skipsbrodesign med manglende brukervennlighet en vedvarende utfordring i den maritime industrien. Det overordnede målet med denne oppgaven er derfor å øke kunnskapen om faktorer som kan påvirke progresjonen i brukervennlighet i skipsbrodesign og dermed bidra til økt sikkerhet til sjøs.
Studien er teoretisk basert i «human factors», design og sikkerhetslitteratur og har en kvalitativ forskningstilnærming som ved bruk av intervjuer, observasjon og dokumentanalyse, har inkludert data fra sjøfolk, redere, utstyrsprodusenter, et verft, en flaggstat, klasse-selskaper, maritime forsikringsselskaper og ulykkes-rapporter. Forskningen har resultert i fem vitenskapelige publikasjoner. Hovedfunnene er:
Sjøfolkene, sluttbrukerne som har størst interesse for skipsbrodesign, har lav innflytelse på skipsbrodesignprosesser. De tar likevel ansvar for å kunne bruke den tilgjengelige teknologien gjennom å benytte kreative og adaptive strategier.
Sentrale interessenter på land legger også ansvaret for menneske-teknologi-samspillet på skipsbroen på sjøfolkene, noe som resulterer i at sjøfolk forventes å tilpasse seg tilgjengelig teknologi uavhengig av brukervennlighet.
For mange interessenter synes det verken å være økonomiske eller regulatoriske insentiver for å prioritere brukervennlighet. Studien fant at det internasjonale regelverket som omhandler menneskelige faktorer i skipsbrodesign, ikke håndheves aktivt og at de økonomiske fordelene ved å investere i brukervennlig broutstyr ikke er kjent.
Ansvaret for skipsbrodesign er brukervennlig ser ut til å pulveriseres mellom de maritime interessentene. Alle interessenter i denne studien mener ansvaret for brukervennlighet ligger hos en eller flere av de andre – det er noen andres problem.
Bedre brukervennlighet og menneske-sentrerte designprosesser krever at sjøfolk har en stemme i både design- og anskaffelsesprosesser i den maritime industrien. Denne studien illustrerer at dette krever engasjement fra et bredt sett av maritime interessenter, samt økt kunnskap og oppmerksomhet om hvordan brukervennlighet påvirker sikkerheten til sjøs
A data-driven approach for ship-bridge collision candidate detection in bridge waterway
No full textThe consequences caused by bridge failures owing to the ship-bridge collision are always severe in terms of loss of life, economy, and environmental consequences to individuals and societies. The previous studies focused on the ship-bridge collision mainly concentrated on passive anti-collision, such as strengthening the bridge structure or setting anti-collision facilities. Compared with the previous research, the contribution of this work is to facilitate the reduction of collision risk of ship-bridge collision from the perspective of active anti-collision. A data-driven approach for ship-bridge collision candidate detection method in inland bridge waterways is proposed in this research. The approach is mainly divided into two steps: 1) The features (channel boundary, pier domain, and ship domain) of bridge waterways are identified using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method based on the historical AIS data; 2) Collision candidate detection with Velocity Obstacle (VO) method considering the identified features. This work can provide beneficial support for the ship-bridge active collision avoidance system.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
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