28 research outputs found
Study of the side effects of Docetaxel as chemotherapy medicine on changing the expression of genes of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from patients with breast cancer
No full textThe present study strived to ascertain the side effects of chemotherapy on the pathogenic potential of Enterococcus faecalis (a natural microflora bacteria) isolated from patients with breast cancer. Participants included 400 female sufferers from breast cancer before and after the period of chemotherapy and 400 healthy people living with patients.After RNA extracted from the stool of all the participants, cDNA was constructed. Nineteen virulent genes (vanB, vanA, VanC-3,VanC-2, VanC-1, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, Tet(L), Erm(B), gelE, esp, gyrA,slyA, cylA,cylB,cylM, asa1, aggA, efaA and enlA) of E. faecalis were assessed by Real-Time qPCR. The findings revealed a statistically significant correlation between the expression level of fourteen virulence genes(vanA(p = 0.033), vanB(p = 0.003), VanC-3(p = 0.003), aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia(p = 0.005), Erm(B) (p = 0.008), gelE(p = 0.002), esp(p = 0.0005), gyrA(p = 0.003), slyA(p = 0.001), cylA(p = 0.003), cylB(p = 0.0002), asa1(p = 0.003), aggA(p = 0.003), efaA(p = 0.003))in the group of the sufferers after chemotherapy and the other two groups (P<0.05).Additionally, the observation of patient group after chemotherapy showed an outstanding association between overexpression ofantibiotic resistance genes (vanA, vanB, VanC-3, Erm(B), aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia) and observation of the antibiotic resistance (vancomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin in respectively). Interestingly, while Docetaxel seems to be a suitable medicine to treat breast cancer, it may change the balance of mRNA expression of microflora. These could trigger infections during the cancer chemotherapy
Chemotherapy Could Induce Antibiotic Resistance in E. Faecalis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
No full textColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran. There are many effective methods of treatment of it. As a conventional treatment, chemotherapy has become a part of treatment scheme for patients with colorectal cancer. Enterococci are intestinal commensals. They are opportunistic pathogens which cause millions of human and animal infections annually. The aim of this study was to investigate the side effects of chemotherapy of sufferers from colon cancer on the antibiotic resistance of microflora. Methods: In this study, participants were divided into three groups: Group A: 300 colorectal cancer patients before the start of the cancer chemotherapy, group B: 300 healthy people living with patients at least for recent 12 months and group C includes 300 patients with colorectal cancer after six weeks chemotherapy. RNA was extracted from the stool of all the participants of the study. Following the RNA extraction from stool samples, cDNA libraries were constructed. Eight virulent genes (vanA, vanB, gelE, esp, asa1, aggA, efaA and enlA) of E. faecalis were evaluated by real-time qPCR. Results: The results were showed the expression level of the virulent genes in the group of the patients after chemotherapy was significantly higher than the two groups of B and C (P<0.05). Although the expression of these genes in the group of patients before chemotherapy was higher than that of the control group, this increase was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: It seems that chemotherapy could change the balance of mRNA expression of microflora such as antibiotic resistance genes. These could be responsible for infections arisen after ending the chemotherapy of cancer
Global prevalence and epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: a systematic review and meta‑analysis
No full textAbstract
Background: Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil-transmitted helminth, occurs in humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats
and wild canids. The zoonotic potential between these hosts is not well understood with data available on prevalence
primarily focused on humans. To increase knowledge on prevalence, this review and meta-analysis was performed to
estimate the global status of S. stercoralis infections in dogs.
Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, online literature published prior to November 2020 was obtained from
multiple databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar). Prevalence was calculated
on a global and country level, by country income and climate, and in stray/animal shelter dogs versus owned dogs.
Statistical analyses were conducted using R-software (version 3.6.1).
Results: From 9428 articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled global prevalence of S. stercoralis
in dogs was 6% (95% CI 3–9%). Infection was found to be the most prevalent in low-income countries with pooled
prevalence of 22% (95% CI 10–36%). The highest pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was related to regions with
average temperature of 10–20 °C (6%; 95% CI 3–11%), an annual rainfall of 1001–1500 mm (9%; 95% CI 4–15%) and
humidity of 40–75% (8%; 95% CI 4–13%). Prevalence was higher in stray and shelter dogs (11%; 95% CI 1–26%) than in
owned dogs (3%; 95% CI 1–7%).
Conclusions: As with S. stercoralis in humans, higher prevalence in dogs is found in subtropical and tropical regions
and lower-income countries, locations which also can have high dog populations. While this study presents the first
estimated global prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs, it is potentially an underestimation with 15 of 61 studies relying
on diagnostic methods of lower sensitivity and a paucity of data from most locations. Standardized protocols (e.g.
quantity of feces and number of samples for a Baermann) in future studies could improve reliability of results. More
prevalence studies and raising veterinary awareness of S. stercoralis are needed for a One Health approach to protect
humans and dogs from the impact of the infection.
Keywords: Strongyloides stercoralis, Canine, Neglected tropical disease, Soil transmitted helminth, Systematic revie
A Morphable Model to simulate rejuvenation trajectory of 3D face images: Preliminary results
No full textSensitivity analysis on blast design parameters to improve bench blasting outcomes using the Taguchi method
No full textIn surface mines, bench blasting is a typical way of excavating hard rock mass. Although a significant development has taken place in explosive technology but still only a part of the energy is used to excavate and a large proportion of energy is wasted away and creates a number of nuisances. Backbreak, massive rock fragmentation, and high-intensity ground vibration are all symptoms of improper blasting. As a result, production costs increase significantly while productivity decreases. The blasting outcomes are affected by a variety of factors, which may be classified into three categories: rock properties, explosive properties, and blast geometry. Consequently, it is necessary to examine the effect of these parameters on bench blasting. So, in this study, a sensitivity analysis has been performed on various blast design parameters using the Taguchi method to study the influence of blast design parameters on blast vibration, backbreak, and rock fragmentation. A total of 32 experiments have been designed and numerical modeling was also carried out, using LS DYNA software to simulate the blast results. It was found that the blast hole diameter is the most important factor influencing the blasting outcomes. However, the number of rows in a blast affects backbreak almost slightly more than the hole diameter, but blast vibrations and the surrounding rock damage strongly depend on the hole diameter. Furthermore, rock blast geometry significantly affected rock blast vibration and damage compared to explosive properties. However, both blast geometry parameters and explosive properties play a significant role in backbreaking. © 2023, The Author(s)
Parasites in surgically removed appendices as a neglected public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textThe role of various parasitic infections in the occurrence of appendicitis is illustrated through cases recorded all over the world. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the global prevalence of parasite infestation (other than E. vermicularis) in appendectomy specimens.In the setting of the PRISMA guidelines, multiple databases (Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were explored in articles published until 28 September 2020. Totally, 62 studies (106 datasets) with 77, 619 participants were included in the analysis.The pooled prevalence of parasites in appendectomy samples was as follows; 0.012% (95% CI; 0.004-0.025) for Ascaris lumbricoides, 0.004% (95% CI; 0.001-0.009) for Trichuris trichiura, 0.025% (95% CI; 0.007-0.052) for Schistosoma mansoni, 0.002% (95% CI; 0.001-0.005) for Taenia spp., 0.061% (95% CI; 0.020-0.122) for Entamoeba histolytica and 0.034% (95% CI; 0.018-0.056) for Giardia lamblia.Our results demonstrated that the risk of appendicitis may increase in the presence of helminth and protozoan infections. As such, the most cases of parasites in appendectomy specimens were reported in developing countries. Regular screening plans for diagnosis, treatment and prevention are needed for prevention of parasitic infection as well as parasitic associated appendicitis, especially in endemic regions of the world
Additional file 2 of Global prevalence and epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 2: Figure S1. Sub-group analysis of the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in included studies based on country
Additional file 1 of Global prevalence and epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 1: References S1. List of articles used in the meta-analysis
Additional file 3 of Global prevalence and epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 3: Table S1. Sub-group analysis of the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in included studies based on continent, income level, humidity, annual rainfall, average temperature, latitude and climate
Occurrence of Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) in road-killed canids of Iran and its public health implication
No full textDioctophyme renale, is the largest of parasitic nematodes, which infects different species of fish-eating carnivores worldwide. The northern provinces of Iran (Guilan and Mazandaran) located in south of the Caspian Sea are suitable for parasitic infections due to the mild and humid climatic conditions. From separate surveys of road-killed canids in various parts of the Caspian Sea littoral area in Iran, 70 carcasses were collected along the roads of Guilan and Mazandaran from 2015 to 2017. Dioctophyme renale detected by direct observation and molecular methods based on Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1 gene) sequencing analysis. Molecular investigation was also performed to validate prevalence and reduce false negative concerns. Dioctophyme renale was found in eight of 70 carnivores, mostly in the right kidneys, as well as two cases in the abdominal cavity of a dog and a golden jackal. More carcasses on the roads were seen with lacerated internal organs. Given the frequent number of giant kidney worms in canids in the region, the transmission of this zoonotic helminth to humans seems possible, since the area is a tourism hub in the country. The infection burden of this helminth should be investigated using DNA analysis of kidney tissue of road-killed carnivores in Iran.
Keywords: Giant kidney worm, COX1, gene Carnivores, Conventional PCR, One healt
