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ANALISIS KETIDAKADILAN GENDER DALAM NOVEL SALIKARYA DEWI LINGGASARI
No full textKetidakadilan Gender Novel Sali Karya Dewi Linggasari; Elfa
Fithriyana;090110201017; 2013: 82; Jurusan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Sastra
Universitas Jember.
Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yaitu, 1)
Bagaimana keterjalinan unsur-unsur struktural yang terdapat dalam novel Sali karya
Dewi Linggasari yang meliputi tema, tokoh dan perwatakan, latar, serta konflik? 2)
Bagaimana aspek-aspek ketidakadilan gender dalam novel Sali karya Dewi
Linggasari meliputi marginalisasi, stereotip, subordinasi, kekerasan, dan beban kerja.
Tujuan penelitian yaitu: 1) Mendeskripsikan keterjalinan antar unsur-unsur struktural
yang ada dalam novel Sali karya Dewi Linggasari yang meliputi: tema, penokohan
dan perwatakan, konflik, dan latar. 2) Mendiskripsikan aspek-aspek ketidakadilan
gender dalam novel Sali karya Dewi Linggasari yang meliputi marginalisasi,
stereotip, kekerasan, subordinasi, dan beban kerja. Metode yang digunakan metode
kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun langkah-langkah metode kualitatif deskriptif dalam
penelitian ini sebagai berikut: 1) membaca novel secara keseluruhan; 2)
mengidentifikasi dan mengolah data denganmengklasifikasikan data-data yang
berhubungan dengan unsur-unsur struktural; 3) mengumpulkan data-data yang
diperoleh berdasarkan pokok permasalahan penelitian; 4) memilah data-data sesuai
masalah penelitian; 5) mengidentifikasi dan mengolah data dengan
mengklasifikasikan data-data yang berhubungan dengan ketidakadilan gender; 6)
melakukan analisis struktural; 7) melakukan analisis ketidakadilan gender; 8) menarik
kesimpulan dari analisis tersebut.
Hasil analisis dari penelitian novel Sali karya Dewi Linggasari menunjukkan
keadaan atau suasana.Tokoh Liwa mengalami keadaan yang benar-benar berada pada
posisi psikis paling rendah.Tema mayor adalah seorang wanita yang putus asa karena
terbelenggu adat menyebabkan dirinya menyerah pada kehidupan.Sedangkan tema
minor yaitu, bentuk perlawanan kepada adat, kepala keluarga yang tunduk pada
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adat.Tema mayor dan tema minor tersebut memiliki keterkaitan dan saling
mendukung.
Tokoh utamanya adalah Liwa. merupakan tokoh yang memiliki watak bulat
(round character) karena mengalami perubahan watak.Dari awal sampai akhir cerita
Liwa memiliki perubahan watak.Tokoh utama didukung oleh tokoh bawahan.Tokoh
bawahan yang banyak berhubungan dengan tokoh utama adalah Kugara, Lapina,
Ibarak, dan Gayatri. Tokoh Kugara, Lapina, Ibarak, dan Gayatri dalam novel tersebut
berwatak datar (flat character) karena tidak mengalami perubahan watak.
Penggambaran latar meliputi latar tempat, latar waktu, latar sosial.Latar
tempat terjadi di honai, kebun, dan puskesmas.Latar waktu terjadi pada pagi hari dan
malam hari.Sedangkan latar sosial mengambil suasa kedaerahan.Konflik yang ada
yaitu konflik fisik dan konflik batin. Konflik fisik yaitu antara manusia dan manusia
terjadi antaraLiwa dan Ibarak, dan Lapina dan Kugara. Konflik antara manusia dan
alam dialami oleh tokoh Gayatri. Konflik batin dibagi menjadi dua yaitu konflik batin
ide dengan ide dialami oleh tokok Liwa dan Ibarak, Liwa dan Gayatri. Konflik antara
manusia dan kata hatinya dialami oleh tokoh Liwa, Lapina, dan Gayatri.
Analisis pragmatik yang dititikberatkan pada ketidakadilan gender meliputi:
marginalisasi, subordinasi, sterotipe, kekerasan, dan beban kerja. Marginalisasi
diamali oleh tokoh Liwa.Marginalisasi juga dialami oleh perempuan-perempuan suku
dani.
Subordinasi dilakukan oleh Ibarak kepada Liwa.Subordinasi juga dialami oleh
Gayatri yang dianggap lemah.
Sterotipe dilakukan oleh Kugara kepada Lapina.Lapina dianggap sebagai
budak setelah dibayar dengan duapuluh ekor babi.Sterotipe juga dilakukan Ibarak
kepada Liwa.Kekerasan meliputi bentuk pemerkosaan terhadap perempuan, termasuk
dalam rumah tangga yang dilakukan Kugara terhadap Lapina, tindakan pemukulan
dan serangn fisik yang terjadi di rumah tangga yang dilakukan Ibarak terhadap
Liwa.Bentuk penyiksaan yang mengarah kepada organ kelamin tidak terdapat bentuk
penyiksaan yang mengarah kepada organ alat kelamin, kekerasan dalam bentuk
viii
pelacuran dilakukan Ibarak kepada Liwa, kekerasan dalam bentuk pornografi
dilakukan Ibarak kepada Liwa.pemaksaan sterilisasi dalam Keluarga Berencana tidak
terdapat dalam novel, kekerasan terselubung dilakukan oleh Lopes terhadap Liwa,
dan pelecehan seksual tidak terdapat dalam novel.
Beban kerja dialami Liwa dan Lapina semenjak menikah.Dari keseluruhan
analisis struktural dan pragmatik dapat diketahui bahwa antara unsur-unsur itu ada
keterkaitan yang erat.
Manfaat yang diperoleh penulis setelah menganalisis marginalisasi dalam
novel Sali adalah, perempuan harus dapat memberikan pengertian kepada orangorang
terdekat bahwa perempuan tidak dapat diperlakukan dengan semena-mena
apapun alasanya. Perempuan juga harus meningkatkan kualitas sumber dayanya agar
dapat mengurangi marginalisasi yang sering diterimanya, sehingga perempuan
mendapatkan hak yang sama dalam kehidupan keluarga maupun masyarakat agar
tidak dikuasai oleh laki-laki. Perempuan harus memiliki pendidikan yang tinggi agar
dalam masyarakat dapat diterima sehingga tidak terjadi subordinasi.Manfaat dari
menganalisis sterotipe dalam novel Sali yaitu perempuan harus dapat menggali
kemampuan diri agar dapat terhindar dari sterotipe yang melekat pada dirinya.
Perempuan hendaklah meningkatkan pengetahuan agar tidak selalu ditindas dan
diremehkan, sehingga tidak mendapatkan pelabelan negatif karena dianggap tidak
dapat melakukan pembelaan terhadap dirinya sendiri. Manfaat dari menganalisis
kekerasan dalam novel Saliadalah perempuan harus dapat menolak dengan tegas
terhadap kekerasan yang diterimanya.Perempuan juga harus tampil kuat agar laki-laki
tidak memperlakukannya dengan semena-mena. Perempuan berhak melakukan
pembelaan terhadap dirinya jika merasa benar, agar laki-laki tidak semena-sema
berperilaku kasar terhadap perempuan. Pekerjaan dalam rumah tangga harus diatur
secara benar-benar, sehingga tidak terjadinya beban kerja ganda pada salah satu
pihak
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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