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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Bio-Fuel Cell Fed with Waste Biomass: Potential for Scale-Up and Process Optimization
No full textEnergy from waste biomass without combustion: an LCA study on a bio-fuel cell at early design stage
No full textLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Bio-Fuel Cell Fed with Waste Biomass: Potential for Scale-Up and Process Optimization
No full textValutazione del Ciclo di Vita di una Fuel Cell Alimentata con Biomassa di Scarto: Potenziale di Scalabilità e Ottimizzazione del Processo
No full textLIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) OF A BIO-FUEL CELL FED WITH WASTE BIOMASS: POTENTIAL FOR SCALE-UP AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION
No full textNowadays dealing with waste as efficiently as possible is a very important and widely studied topic1. Indeed, in this way it is possible to turn a waste into a valuable resource. For this reason, a team from the University of Bologna has developed a biofuel cell as a treatment process for waste biomasses, especially from agricultural origin. This cell aims to valorize biomass by producing electricity and soil conditioner. This study is focused on to investigate the efficiency and environmental sustainability of this fuel cell through the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCA) methodology. This instrument is a great help for conscious choices toward sustainability because it considers the potential impacts associated with the entire life of the system studied2.
After building an inventory, working in collaboration with the development team, it was possible to run the LCA analysis. This made it possible to understand which parts of the process are the most impactful to the environment and to design alternatives that aim to optimize the use of the biofuel cell.
It was realized that the impacts related to the production of the cell (infrastructure) can be negligible if it is used for at least about 400 times. It was also observed that the greatest impact comes from energy consumption and the usage of phosphoric acid. The negative impact, due to avoided products, is mainly due to the recovery of phosphorus present in H3PO4. In addition, potential benefits are related to the energy and soil conditioner recovery.
Alternative scenarios were created to test different combination of acids and bases. Nitric acid and potassium hydroxide were used instead of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide. The use of KOH seems promising because it adds potassium to the nutrient output, increasing the whole efficiency.
Because of the large portion of impacts due to energy consumption, scenarios based on renewable mixes have been studied. In particular, the use of solar energy. A further model was also assessed to verify the benefits from the heat recovery during the hydrolysis reaction. Finally, all these scenarios were compared with traditional treatments for biomass waste, such as composting and anaerobic digestion. Average distances were assumed to reach such plants.
From the results of this study, it can be said that this technology is promising and can be competitive as long as energy consumption is minimized, and nutrients used among the reagents are recovered
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Early-Stage Technology: Bio-Fuel Cell Fed with Waste Biomass
No full textVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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