1,720,960 research outputs found
Ritorno al futuro. Il fattore tempo e i futures studies nell’approccio design driven all’innovazione
No full textLa tensione verso il futuro è un tratto tipico della modernità, che ne ha glorificato, idealizzato, esasperato il valore, senza però riuscire a sfruttarlo pienamente. Crollando la modernità, c’è il rischio che l’idea stessa di futuro entri in crisi: ma che senso ha progettare senza futuro? Sono quattro i momenti importanti dell’evoluzione del dibattito sull’uso del concetto di futuro e di anticipazione nelle scienze moderne. L’epopea americana della Rand Corporation evoluta poi nell’Institute for the Future, ancora oggi attivo; la fase pionieristica della prospective francese; la ricerca legata alla fondazione del Club di Roma e alla pubblicazione del report che ha innescato gran parte del dibattito sulla distinzione fra crescita e sviluppo; fino all’attuale rinascita europea. Un cammino articolato, fatto di fasi di rinnovamento e di periodi di oblio e abbandono. Contemporaneamente all’ultima fase, che ha portato in auge il termine di “anticipazione” per designare l’insieme delle teorie e delle pratiche di interazione con il concetto plurale dei futuri, si è sviluppata una discussione internazionale che collega le design cultures all’indagine sui futures studies, ambiti fino a quel momento non comunicanti.
Nel presente articolo si intendono presentare le radici di questo dibattito e i legami con l’accezione di modernità. Parallelamente viene illustrato un diverso e multidimensionale rapporto tra design e futuri nel progetto contemporaneo, alimentato dalla consapevolezza del progettista di poter manipolare il fattore temporale come agente di stimolo e rinnovamento. Infine, attraverso un focus sul concetto di “tempo come futuro da anticipare e materializzare”, vengono esplorati i punti di contatto tra queste sfere disciplinari e analizzati gli strumenti, i processi e le pratiche propri dell’innovazione design driven applicati al prodotto, al servizio, alla comunicazione.Reaching towards the future is a typical feature of modernity that has glorified, idealised, and exaggerated the value of its aspirations without, however, managing to take full advantage of them. As modernity breaks down there is a risk that the very idea of the future could be in crisis, and what is the sense of designing without a future?
There are four significant moments in the evolution of the debate on the concepts of futures and anticipation in the modern sciences: 1) the American saga of the Rand Corporation which evolved into the contemporary Institute for the Future; 2) the pioneering phase of the French prospective; 3) the research related to the founding of the Club of Rome and the report it published that triggered a large part of the debate on the distinction between growth and development; and 4) the current European rebirth. This has been a multi- part journey containing phases of renewal and abandonment. The latest phase has revived the term anticipation to indicate the set of interaction theories and practices with a plural concept of futures. Together with this, an international discussion has developed linking design cultures with the investigation into futures studies: two areas that until recently had not interacted.
This article presents the roots of this debate and its connections with modernity. In parallel, it reports on a diverse and multidimensional relationship between design and futures supported by the contemporary designer’s awareness of time manipulation as an agent for stimulus and renewal. Finally, through a focus on the concept of time as future to be anticipated and materialized, it explores the points of contact between these disciplines and analyses the tools, processes and practices of Design Driven innovation as applied to products, services and communications
Designing Pluriverse Knowledge in Design Research: The Case of the 8th International Forum of Design as a Process
Full text linkThe global knowledge ecosystem is affected by ethnocentrism and witnesses Western monopolies of knowledge that built hegemonic structures and narratives. The paper proposes a vision that shifts from processes of knowledge power and control to processes of knowledge ownership and leadership through new international interactions based on increased accessibility and visibility in design publications. The idea of building a design network between Latin countries led to the foundation of the Latin Network for the Development of Design Processes. The 8th International Forum Design as a Process represents a testbed for this new experimentation of community-led knowledge targeting the Latin Network and Global South countries. The research presents a new frame of knowledge accessibility based on different assessment values that acknowledge the intertwin of cultural identity and vernacular design, in favour of equity and inclusivity
Enabling technologies for continuous and interdependent design
No full textDesign is undergoing a great transformation due to the introduction of new technologies, new models, new organisational systems and new missions, the connotations of which are not yet completely clear. What does design mean today? Who is the design destined for? What value does the activity yield? How is design linked to the production process? What is the relationship with those who commission the project? But above all, who are the project commissioners of today? Beginning with the concept of the mutating city, or rather the city as a living organism that evolves over time in relation to the circumstances and needs of its inhabitants, this paper deals with the issue of technologies that enable continuous project production methods in response to some of the above questions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Teaching Material Design Research into material teaching methods for industrial design degree courses in Italy
No full textThis paper presents and advocates a method for teaching about materials in industrial design courses. The method has been developed by the authors in the academic sphere while teaching over the last six years on a number of degree courses – both the three-year basic programmes and the two-year specialist ones – at four Italian places of learning: the Politecnico di Milano, Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Palermo and ISIA (the Higher Institute for Artistic Industries) in Florence, which is now recognized as being equivalent to a degree course.
Behind the research is a focus on a specific area of the design field which has until now been undervalued and not sufficiently expanded upon by teaching programmes, as it has always been seen as something which is simply there to be exploited. However, it has become more prominent in recent years, thanks in part to rapid technical and scientific development and the arrival on the scene of numerous new materials with unprecedented capabilities.
Keywords: Design –Teaching Materials - Creativity – Experimentatio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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