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Main characters’ conflicts and their conflict management strategies in the Novel Greyfriars Bobby (1912) by Eleanor Atkinson
Full text linkABSTRACT
The presence of conflict indicates a confrontation experienced by someone who is not in accordance with the individual's principles. This study aims to describe the types of conflict experienced by the main characters, Mr. John Traill and Mr. James Brown, and how they deal with their conflicts in the novel Greyfriars Bobby by Eleanor Atkinson. This research utilizes the theory of conflict by William Kenney and the theory of conflict management strategies by Johnson; and utilizes an objective approach to literature. The researcher defined two research questions: 1) What are the types of conflict faced by the main characters in the novel Greyfriars Bobby by Eleanor Atkinson? 2) How do the main characters’ management strategies deal with their conflicts in the novel Greyfriars Bobby by Eleanor Atkinson? The researcher focuses on Mr. Traill and Mr. Brown because they are the most dominant in showing the actions caused by the conflicts in the novel. This study utilizes the literary criticism method because it analyses and interprets literary works. Data were collected by identifying and classifying the relevant quotations from Greyfriars Bobby using note-taking and highlighting. The data were analyzed by describing and explaining quotations according to William Kenney’s theory and Johnson’s theory. The results of the analysis show that 1) The main characters experience internal conflict and external conflict, where internal conflict is experienced by Mr. Traill and himself; and Mr. Brown and himself. Then, Mr. Traill experienced external conflict with Mr. Brown, Auld Jock, the proprietor of Book Hunter’s Stall, the officer, Mrs. Jeanie, Ailie; and Mr. Brown experienced external conflict with Mrs. Jeanie. 2) Mr. Traill tends to use the shark style, mouse deer style and owl style to deal with his conflicts; and Mr. Brown tends to use the turtle style and shark style to deal with his conflicts as explained by Johnson.
ABSTRAK
Adanya konflik menandakan adanya pertentangan yang dialami oleh seseorang yang tidak sesuai dengan prinsip- prinsip individu tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tipe- tipe konflik yang dialami oleh para tokoh utama, Tuan John Traill dan Tuan James Brown; dan bagaimana mereka menghadapi konflik mereka dalan novel Greyfriars Bobby oleh Eleanor Atkinson. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori konflik oleh William Kenney dan teori strategi manajemen konflik oleh Johnson; serta menggunakan pendekatan objektif terhadap literatur. Peneliti merumuskan dua pertanyaan penelitian: 1) Apa tipe- tipe konflik yang dialami oleh para tokoh utama dalam novel Greyfriars Bobby karya Eleanor Atkinson? 2) Bagaimana strategi manajemen konflik mereka dalam menghadapi konflik- konflik mereka dalam novel Greyfriars Bobby karya Eleanor Atkinson? Peneliti berfokus pada Tn. Traill dan Tn. Brown karena mereka yang paling dominan menunjukkan aksi yang disebabkan oleh konflik dalam novel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kritik sastra karena menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan karya sastra. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan kutipan yang relevan dari Greyfriars Bobby menggunakan metode pencatatan dan penandaan. Data dianalisis dengan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan data sesuai dengan teori William Kenney dan Johnson. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa 1) Tokoh utama mengalami konflik internal dan konflik eksternal, dimana konflik internal dialami oleh Tuan Traill dengan dirinya sendiri; dan Tuan Brown dengan dirinya sendiri. Kemudian, Tuan Traill mengalami konflik eksternal dengan Tuan Brown, Auld Jock, pemilik Kios Pemburu Buku, petugas, Ny. Jeanie, Ailie; dan Tuan Brown mengalami konflik eksternal dengan Ny. Jeanie. 2) Tuan Traill cenderung menggunakan gaya hiu, gaya kancil, dan gaya burung hantu dalam menghadapi konfliknya; dan Tuan Brown cenderung menggunakan gaya kura-kura dan gaya hiu dalam menghadapi konfliknya seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Johnson.
مستخلص البحث
يشير وجود الصراع إلى مواجهة يواجهها شخص لا يتوافق مع مبادئ الفرد. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى وصف أنواع الصراع التي عاشتها الشخصيات الرئيسية، السيد جون تريل والسيد جيمس براون، وكيفية تعاملهم مع صراعاتهم في رواية Greyfriars Bobby لإليانور أتكينسون. يستخدم هذا البحث نظرية الصراع من قبل ويليام كيني ونظرية استراتيجيات إدارة الصراع من قبل جونسون. ويستخدم نهجا موضوعيا للأدب. حدد الباحث سؤالين بحثيين: ١) ما هي أنواع الصراع التي تواجهها الشخصيات الرئيسية في رواية Greyfriars Bobby لإليانور أتكينسون؟ ٢) كيف تتعامل استراتيجيات إدارة الشخصيات الرئيسية مع صراعاتهم في رواية Greyfriars Bobby بقلم إليانور أتكينسون؟ يركز الباحث على السيد تريل والسيد براون لأنهما الأكثر هيمنة في إظهار الأفعال التي تسببها الصراعات في الرواية. تستخدم هذه الدراسة منهج النقد الأدبي لأنها تحلل وتفسر الأعمال الأدبية. تم جمع البيانات من خلال تحديد وتصنيف الاقتباسات ذات الصلة من Greyfriars Bobby باستخدام تدوين الملاحظات وتسليط الضوء. تم تحليل البيانات من خلال وصف وشرح الاقتباسات وفقا لنظرية ويليام كيني ونظرية جونسون. تظهر نتائج التحليل أن ١) الشخصيات الرئيسية تعاني من الصراع الداخلي والصراع الخارجي، حيث يعاني السيد تريل ونفسه من الصراع الداخلي. والسيد براون ونفسه. بعد ذلك، واجه السيد تريل صراعا خارجيا مع السيد براون، أولد جوك، مالك كشك بوك هنتر، الضابط، السيدة جيني، إيلي. وعانى السيد براون من صراع خارجي مع السيدة جيني. ٢) يميل السيد تريل إلى استخدام أسلوب القرش وأسلوب غزال الفأر وأسلوب البومة للتعامل مع صراعاته؛ ويميل السيد براون إلى استخدام أسلوب السلحفاة وأسلوب سمك القرش للتعامل مع صراعاته كما أوضح جونسون
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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