1,720,961 research outputs found
Delayed disruption of temporally controlled behavior
Full text linkDelivery of response-independent food during intertrial intervals (ITI) of fixed-interval (FI) schedules was used to examine the resistance to change of temporal control in pigeons. After response rates stabilized on an FI 150 s ITI 135 s, response-independent food was delivered at the beginning of the ITI in one condition and at the end of the ITI in a separate condition (Experiment 1). The ITI then was shortened to 35 s and the same conditions were examined. In Experiment 2, these same conditions were examined, but with responding maintained by an FI 30-s schedule. Differential effects of food location were not obtained in either experiment. The results are discussed in relation to such parameters as delay of disruption, disrupter frequency, ITI duration and general resistance to change of FI schedules
Resistance of temporally controlled behavior to change
Full text linkTo extend research on the relation between temporal control and resistance to change, the temporal location of response-independent food was examined in a modified peak-interval procedure (PIP) with pigeons. Sequences of the PIP consisted of 2, 3, 4 or 5 FI 30-s trials followed by a 90-s peak trial, each separated by a 90-s blackout. In different conditions, response-independent food was delivered within the first, last, or a randomly selected FI trial of each sequence. Overall, quarter-life values, peak times, and peak rates showed the highest decrease in temporal control relative to baseline when disruption occurred in the last FI trial. Delay of disruption gradients, constructed from each of these measures, were similar in form and function to delay of reinforcement gradients
Collaboration, Creativity, and Critical Thinking: Faculty/Student Collaboration in Teaching Research Methods
No full textIn collaboration, two professors and 36 psychology students identified key questions regarding issues in ethical treatment in animal research. As a research team, the two professors facilitated the student creation of a research project including: research questions, hypotheses, stimuli, and methods and procedures and IRB approval. Students collected data, created a combined data set of 432 observations, completed statistical SPSS analyses to address class generated hypotheses. They created lab notebooks documenting the entire process including procedures, materials and analyses. Student outcomes in relation to concept understanding and ownership and challenges faced and lessons learned from the team teaching experience are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Behavioral Pedagogies and Online Learning
No full textBehavioral Pedagogies and Online Learning is a collaborative effort that started with a teaching conference aimed at providing support for teachers in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dedicated colleagues presented evidence-based practices in teaching and their experiences. The positive feedback encouraged us to compile this book that
now gathers more contributors. Many of the chapters elaborate on the adaptation of behavior-analytic approaches to online
instruction, including topics such as building equity for diverse student learners, universal design for learning, and creativity. Given the generality and relevance of the topics, we have compiled what we consider is a revitalization of behavioral instruction
toward online education
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