1,720,956 research outputs found
Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected Lebanese patients with isolated antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen
No full textThe presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers have been investigated in 101 Lebanese patients (69 men, 32 women; mean age 32.7 ± 1.7 years) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Seven patients (6.9percent) were HBsAg carriers compared with 54 patients (53.5percent) who had no evidence of exposure to HBV infection. Twenty-four patients (23.8percent) had anti-HBc alone as a serological marker compared with four patients who were positive for anti-HBs alone and 12 patients (11.9percent) who were anti-HBc and anti-HBs-positive. Occult HBV infection (presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg) is found to be relatively high (28.7percent) in HIV-infected Lebanese patients and the overwhelming majority (83.3percent) of those who were positive for anti-HBc alone had a detectable HBV DNA in their serum. However, none of our HIV-positive patients with occult HBV infection had abnormal alanine aminotrasferase level, which also raises the question as to whether occult HBV plays a role in the aetiology of liver disease in HIV-infected patients. Further, studies on the association between HBV DNA levels and markers of liver function in addition to data on liver biopsy would help in answering this question.ALTER MJ, 1994, GASTROENTEROL CLIN N, V23, P437; Brechot C, 2001, HEPATOLOGY, V34, P194, DOI 10.1053-jhep.2001.25172; Burnett RJ, 2005, LIVER INT, V25, P201, DOI 10.1111-j.1478-3231.2005.01054.x; Cacciola I, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V341, P22, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199907013410104; Carman WF, 1997, J VIRAL HEPATITIS, V4, P11, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2893.1997.tb00155.x; CHAN HLY, 1999, CLIN LIVER DIS, V3, P291, DOI 10.1016-S1089-3261(05)70069-6; Conjeevaram H, 2001, HEPATOLOGY, V34, P204, DOI 10.1053-jhep.2001.25225; Coursaget P, 1991, FEMS Microbiol Lett, V67, P35; El-Zaatari M, 2007, J HOSP INFECT, V66, P278, DOI 10.1016-j.jhin.2007.04.010; Fukuda R, 1999, J MED VIROL, V58, P201, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1096-9071(199907)58:3201::AID-JMV33.0.CO;2-2; Gomes SA, 1996, ACTA VIROL, V40, P133; Grob P, 2000, J MED VIROL, V62, P450, DOI 10.1002-1096-9071(200012)62:4450::AID-JMV93.0.CO;2-Y; Hu KQ, 2002, J VIRAL HEPATITIS, V9, P243, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2893.2002.00344.x; Lee WM, 1997, NEW ENGL J MED, V337, P1733, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199712113372406; Lindh M, 1997, J INFECT DIS, V175, P1285; LUO KX, 1991, J MED VIROL, V35, P55, DOI 10.1002-jmv.1890350112; Neau D, 2005, CLIN INFECT DIS, V40, P750, DOI 10.1086-427882; Nunez M, 2002, AIDS, V16, P2099, DOI 10.1097-00002030-200210180-00024; Osborn MK, 2007, HIV MED, V8, P271, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-1293.2007.00469.x; Palella FJ, 1998, NEW ENGL J MED, V338, P853, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199803263381301; Piroth L, 2002, J HEPATOL, V36, P681, DOI 10.1016-S0168-8278(02)00019-3; Raimondo G, 2005, LANCET, V365, P638; RAMIA S, 2007, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V133, P695; RAMIA S, 2007, IN PRESS EUR J CLIN; Santos EA, 2003, EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL, V22, P92, DOI 10.1007-s10096-002-0868-0; Shire NJ, 2004, JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF, V36, P869, DOI 10.1097-00126334-200407010-00015; Wagner AA, 2004, AIDS, V18, P569, DOI 10.1097-01.aids.0000111449.61782.49; WANG JT, 1990, J MED VIROL, V32, P83, DOI 10.1002-jmv.1890320203; Weber B, 2001, J MED VIROL, V64, P312, DOI 10.1002-jmv.1052; Zuckerman AJ, 2000, LANCET, V355, P1382, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(00)02132-268
Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Lebanese patients with chronic hepatitis C liver disease
No full textOccult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, characterised by the presence of HBV infection with undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), was investigated in 98 Lebanese patients with chronic hepatitis C liver disease and 85 control subjects recruited from eight institutions in different parts of the country. The prevalence of occult HBV infection ranged from 11.9percent to 44.4percent in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients and it increased with increasing severity of the liver disease. The overall rate of HBV DNA in our 98 HCV-infected patients was 16.3percent. On the other hand, the rate of HBV DNA was 41.0percent in anti-HBc alone positive patients compared to only 7.1percent in healthy controls who were also anti-HBc alone positive (p 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence HBV DNA increased with increasing severity of the liver disease, but this increase was only marginally significant and, perhaps, could have been significant if more patients were involved in the study. Although Lebanon is an area of low endemicity for both HBV and HCV, occult HBV infection is common in HCV-infected patients. The presence of HBV DNA, therefore, presents a challenge for the effective laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B, particularly if polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based HBV detection methods are not used. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.ALBERTI A, 1995, J HEPATOL, V22, P38; Allain JP, 2004, TRANSFUS CLIN BIOL, V11, P18, DOI 10.1016-j.tracli.2003.11.007; Cacciola I, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V341, P22, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199907013410104; Drosten C, 2004, J CLIN VIROL, V29, P59, DOI 10.1016-S1386-6532(03)00090-8; El-Zaatari M, 2007, J HOSP INFECT, V66, P278, DOI 10.1016-j.jhin.2007.04.010; Fukuda R, 1999, J MED VIROL, V58, P201, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1096-9071(199907)58:3201::AID-JMV33.0.CO;2-2; Gilbert N, 2002, J VIROL METHODS, V100, P37, DOI 10.1016-S0166-0934(01)00396-2; Huo TI, 1998, HEPATOLOGY, V28, P231, DOI 10.1002-hep.510280130; Kao JH, 2000, INFEC DIS S, P313; Kao JH, 1997, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V112, P1265, DOI 10.1016-S0016-5085(97)70139-2; Koike K, 1998, J MED VIROL, V54, P249, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1096-9071(199804)54:4249::AID-JMV33.0.CO;2-4; KOO JH, 2002, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V40, P4068; Lindh M, 1997, J INFECT DIS, V175, P1285; Michalak TI, 1999, HEPATOLOGY, V29, P928, DOI 10.1002-hep.510290329; Nabulsi Mona M, 2003, J Med Liban, V51, P64; Pollicino T, 2004, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V126, P102, DOI 10.1053-j.gastro.2003.10.048; Ramia S, 2005, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V133, P695, DOI 10.1017-S0950268805003948; Rehermann B, 1996, NAT MED, V2, P1104, DOI 10.1038-nm1096-1104; SATO S, 1994, J HEPATOL, V21, P159, DOI 10.1016-S0168-8278(05)80389-7; Sharara AI, 2007, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V135, P427, DOI 10.1017-S0950268806006911; Sharara AI, 2004, EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL, V23, P861, DOI 10.1007-s10096-004-1222-5; Torbenson M, 2002, LANCET INFECT DIS, V2, P479, DOI 10.1016-S1473-3099(02)00345-6; Uchida T, 1997, J MED VIROL, V52, P399, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1096-9071(199708)52:4399::AID-JMV103.0.CO;2-C; Weber B, 2005, EXPERT REV MOL DIAGN, V5, P75, DOI 10.1586-14737159.5.1.75; Yotsuyanagi H, 2000, J INFECT DIS, V181, P1920, DOI 10.1086-315512; Zarski JP, 1998, J HEPATOL, V28, P27, DOI 10.1016-S0168-8278(98)80198-0; ZHANG YY, 1993, HEPATOLOGY, V17, P538, DOI 10.1002-hep.1840170403; Zignego AL, 1997, J MED VIROL, V51, P31397
Prevalence of the genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases, in Escherichia coli resistant to β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics
No full textThe prevalences of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and their encoding bla genes, TEM, SHV and CTX_M, were investigated in isolates of Escherichia coli that were resistant to β-lactam and-or non-β-lactam antibiotics. Of the 250 E. coli isolates investigated, all of which came from patients in a major hospital in southern Lebanon, 61 (13.3percent) were found to have ESBL, their production of β-lactamase being confirmed by the ceftazidime and ceftazidime-clavulanic-acid disc methods. All 61 ESBL isolates were resistant to β-lactams and sensitive to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoxitime. Only 40percent were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 33percent were resistant to aminoglycosides, and 18percent were considered to have multi-drug resistance. The results of the PCR-based amplification of the bla gene in DNA samples from the 61 ESBL isolates indicated that 11 (18percent) of the isolates carried both the TEM and SHV genes, 37 (61percent) carried the TEM gene but not the SHV, and 13 (21percent) had the SHV gene but not the TEM. None of the isolates carried the CTX_M gene. Of the 37 TEM-positive-SHV-negative isolates, 43percent were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 37percent to aminoglycosides. Increased resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics was observed in the isolates harbouring both the TEM and SHV genes, of which 54percent were resistant to all of the tested antibiotics except imipenem, 36percent were only resistant to fluoroquinolones, and 9.1percent only resistant to aminoglycosides. The possibility that the concomitant presence of TEM- and SHV-type β-lactamases is associated with resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics requires further research. The prevalences of ESBL and their encoding genes in Gram-negative bacteria collected from various regions in Lebanon will now be investigated. © 2005 The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.Bonnet R, 2000, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V44, P1936, DOI 10.1128-AAC.44.7.1936-1942.2000; Bradford PA, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P933, DOI 10.1128-CMR.14.4.933-951.2001; MATAR GM, 1999, BRIT MED J MIDDLE E, V7, P6; MEDEIROS AA, 1984, BRIT MED BULL, V40, P18; *NAT COMM CLIN LAB, 2004, 100S14 M NAT COMM CL; NUESCHINDERBINE.MT, 1997, ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS, V41, P283; Paterson DL, 2000, CLIN INFECT DIS, V30, P473, DOI 10.1086-313719; Saurina G, 2000, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V45, P895, DOI 10.1093-jac-45.6.895; Tran JH, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P5638, DOI 10.1073-pnas.082092899; Tzouvelekis LS, 2000, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V14, P137, DOI 10.1016-S0924-8579(99)00165-X78
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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