1,721,024 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mechanism of Enhancing Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Paricalcitol and Hydroxychloroquine: A Single Cell RNA Sequencing - Part4
No full textPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) boasts a dismal five-year survival rate of less than 15%, mainly due to therapy resistance. Recent studies have highlighted hydroxychloroquine (H) and paricalcitol (P), reducing stromal density and enhancing PDAC sensitivity to chemotherapy. This investigation aimed to elucidate the molecular impacts of combining H and P, focusing on their ability to sensitize PDAC to chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the HP combination significantly (p\u3c0.001) enhanced gemcitabine (G) effects, validated in orthotopic mouse models and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Mechanistically, GPH induced cell death via the vitamin D receptor pathway upregulated autophagy and ER stress-related transcripts and suppressed mTOR signaling. Single-cell (sc) RNAseq analyses showed GPH increased quiescent cancer associated fibroblasts and reduced autophagy related transcripts. GPH treatment modulated T-cell populations favoring antitumor immunity. Findings from clinical trial patient biopsies underscored these effects, highlighting GPH\u27s potential as a therapeutic adjunct in PDAC management (NCT04524702)
The heterogeneity of CAFs and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
No full textOver the past decade, researchers have identified and characterized the diverse cell populations within the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. The interplay between these cells in the TME either promotes or inhibits the malignant behavior of pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts, previously thought to be one main subset, can now be broadly subclassified into three main types: inflammatory, myofibroblastic, and antigen-presenting, with the former and the latter two exerting pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral functions, respectively. Myeloid cells include myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be further divided into polymorphonuclear and monocytic and exhibit pro-tumoral activities. Tumor-associated macrophages exhibit M1 (anti-tumoral) or M2 (pro-tumoral) phenotypes, which are present in a dynamic fashion between the two phenotypes. Other constituents of the immune make-up of the tumor microenvironment include T and B cells and less described subsets which include natural killer cells, γδ T cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. This review provides an overview of the studies that lead to the discovery of those cellular populations and highlights the recent efforts to utilize them as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer
Mechanism of Enhancing Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Paricalcitol and Hydroxychloroquine: A Single Cell RNA Sequencing - Part2
No full textPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) boasts a dismal five-year survival rate of less than 15%, mainly due to therapy resistance. Recent studies have highlighted hydroxychloroquine (H) and paricalcitol (P), reducing stromal density and enhancing PDAC sensitivity to chemotherapy. This investigation aimed to elucidate the molecular impacts of combining H and P, focusing on their ability to sensitize PDAC to chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the HP combination significantly (p\u3c0.001) enhanced gemcitabine (G) effects, validated in orthotopic mouse models and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Mechanistically, GPH induced cell death via the vitamin D receptor pathway upregulated autophagy and ER stress-related transcripts and suppressed mTOR signaling. Single-cell (sc) RNAseq analyses showed GPH increased quiescent cancer associated fibroblasts and reduced autophagy related transcripts. GPH treatment modulated T-cell populations favoring antitumor immunity. Findings from clinical trial patient biopsies underscored these effects, highlighting GPH\u27s potential as a therapeutic adjunct in PDAC management (NCT04524702)
Mechanism of Enhancing Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Paricalcitol and Hydroxychloroquine: A Single Cell RNA Sequencing - Part3
No full textPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) boasts a dismal five-year survival rate of less than 15%, mainly due to therapy resistance. Recent studies have highlighted hydroxychloroquine (H) and paricalcitol (P), reducing stromal density and enhancing PDAC sensitivity to chemotherapy. This investigation aimed to elucidate the molecular impacts of combining H and P, focusing on their ability to sensitize PDAC to chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the HP combination significantly (p\u3c0.001) enhanced gemcitabine (G) effects, validated in orthotopic mouse models and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Mechanistically, GPH induced cell death via the vitamin D receptor pathway upregulated autophagy and ER stress-related transcripts and suppressed mTOR signaling. Single-cell (sc) RNAseq analyses showed GPH increased quiescent cancer associated fibroblasts and reduced autophagy related transcripts. GPH treatment modulated T-cell populations favoring antitumor immunity. Findings from clinical trial patient biopsies underscored these effects, highlighting GPH\u27s potential as a therapeutic adjunct in PDAC management (NCT04524702)
Mechanism of Enhancing Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Paricalcitol and Hydroxychloroquine: A Single Cell RNA Sequencing - Part1
No full textPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) boasts a dismal five-year survival rate of less than 15%, mainly due to therapy resistance. Recent studies have highlighted hydroxychloroquine (H) and paricalcitol (P), reducing stromal density and enhancing PDAC sensitivity to chemotherapy. This investigation aimed to elucidate the molecular impacts of combining H and P, focusing on their ability to sensitize PDAC to chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the HP combination significantly (p\u3c0.001) enhanced gemcitabine (G) effects, validated in orthotopic mouse models and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Mechanistically, GPH induced cell death via the vitamin D receptor pathway upregulated autophagy and ER stress-related transcripts and suppressed mTOR signaling. Single-cell (sc) RNAseq analyses showed GPH increased quiescent cancer associated fibroblasts and reduced autophagy related transcripts. GPH treatment modulated T-cell populations favoring antitumor immunity. Findings from clinical trial patient biopsies underscored these effects, highlighting GPH\u27s potential as a therapeutic adjunct in PDAC management (NCT04524702)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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