27 research outputs found
Гідрологічний та гідрохімічний режим прибережної акваторії Дельти Дунаю
No full textАктуальність дослідження. Гирлова область Дунаю являє собою складну гідрографічну систему, що включає кілька великих пов'язаних між собою елементів: придельтова ділянка Дунаю від гирла р. Прут до вершини дельти; руслова мережа дельти – сукупність природних і штучних водотоків; придунайські озера-водосховища, прилеглі до придельтової ділянки річки; дельтові озера; придельтові озера-лимани; придельтові озера-лагуни; гирлове узмор’я. Гирлова область Дунаю знаходиться в степовій зоні атлантико-континентального клімату.
Мета роботи – дослідити гідрологічний та гідрохімічний режим прибережної акваторії Дельти Дунаю
Структура вод моря Скоша
No full textВступ. Море Скоша є ключовим районом як для фізики, так і для біології Південного океану, надаючи вплив на формування продуктивності океану в цьому регіоні. Звуження протоки Дрейка та батиметрія хребта Скоша впливають на маршрут Антарктичної циркумполярної течії із значним перемішуванням і вертикальною циркуляцією, що утворює унікальні гідрологічні умови та складний розподіл водних мас різних характеристик та походження. Такі умови роблять даний регіон одним з важливих з точки зору дослідження формування структури та циркуляції водних мас, а також їх змін на тлі кліматичної мінливості.
Метою дослідження є визначення характерних особливостей розподілу водних мас у морі Скоша
Salinity gradient power using in the Black Sea regions (in frame of the blue growth development)
Get PDFProblem Statement. Today, humanity is in search of new sources of energy to make the economy more sustainable, as well as the need for a transition to energy that works on the principles of Carbon-Free Technology. For the Black Sea, this is expressed in the desire for successful implementation of the program Blue Growth Accelerator, which is aimed at the introduction of innovative technologies and alternative energy sources in the energy sector of the Black Sea countries, for the development of the "Blue Economy" and the achievement of its healthy, productive and sustainable state. Salinity gradient power (SGP) is one of the new renewable energy sources. The most studied methods for obtaining SGP energy are technologies based on: Reverse Electrodialysis and Pressure Retarded Osmosis. The interaction of fresh and salt water can provide, in fact, unlimited, free and clean energy. The basis for the generation of such energy is the so-called salinity gradient that occurs when two types of water are mixed. After decades of work and numerous experiments, scientists have developed a way to use the energy of the salinity gradient to generate electricity. This type of electricity is also called "Blue Energy" by association with the color of mixing freshwater and salt water when rivers flow into the ocean. Places (estuaries or deltas), where rivers flow into the oceans and seas, have a truly enormous energy potential.
The aim of this study is to identify sites in the northwestern Black Sea region with the necessary conditions for the development of Salinity Gradient Power energy, as well as to assess their potential using the example of estimating the maximum theoretical power of the Pressure Retarded Osmosis process.
Research Methodology. In a PRO system, the less concentrated solution flows towards the more concentrated solution due to the positive osmotic pressure difference as long as this difference remains greater than the hydrostatic pressure difference. It is by this principle that osmotic power is produced. Theoretically available amount of energy released when mixing 1 m3 of saturated brine (5 mol/l NaCl solution) and 1 m3 of sea water (0.5 mol/l NaCl) at 293 K is 10 MJ. In the northwestern Black Sea region, along the coast between the Danube and Dnieper rivers, there are 21 limans (lagoons) of which some can be used to generate of Salinity Gradient Power.
Results. The results of calculating the maximum net power showed that highest values obtained in the summer months, when the salinity in limans reaches its maximum and, consequently, its difference with the salinity of sea (river) water increases. Proceeding from maximum net power, obtained for the Western Sivash, where the salinity is maintained artificially at certain values, it can be seen that the annual amplitude has a smaller value, which provides more stable conditions. There are objects in the northwestern Black Sea region, in the waters of which, as soon as technologies become available, it will be possible to implement SGP projects. The Kuialnyk Liman, Sasyk- Sivash lake and Western Sivash have the most favorable conditions, where the highest power indicators are shown when using the sea water – hypersaline solution scheme, in which freshwater is not consumed
ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION IN 2021-2050 IN LAAYOUNE − SAKIA EL HAMRA REGION, MOROCCO
Get PDFMorocco's energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. According to the Ministry Energy, Mines and Sustainable Development today more than 93 % of energy resources are imported to Morocco. In 2008 the Moroccan Government has developed a National Energy Strategy, and one of its priority areas is to increase the share of renewable technologies in the country's energy sector. Morocco is rich in solar energy resources. Studies on the assessment of the Morocco’s solar energy potential indicate, among other benefits, low additional costs when using solar installations compared to losses associated with the solution of future climate problems and lack of resources. The plan envisages the commissioning of solar power plants in Ouarzazate, Ain Ben Mathar, Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune by 2020.
The aim of this research is determination of the characteristics of the distribution of Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in the area of the solar power Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune, located in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region in 2021−2050. The data from regional climate modeling with high spatial resolution of the CORDEX-Africa project are used in this research. The RCM modeling is carried out for the region of Africa, in a rectangular coordinate system with a spatial resolution of ~ 44 km. Then, from the modeling data, values are highlighted for the territory of Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region. Model calculation is performed taking into account the greenhouse gas concentration trajectory of RCP 4.5 calculated using 11 regional climate models. As a result of the simulation for the period 2021−2050, average monthly values of the Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation "RSDS" (W/m2) are derived, on the basis of which the mean values for the period of time are calculated. For more detailed information, average monthly total cloud cover values "TC" (%) for the period under study are calculated.
Analysis of the change in RSDS in 2021–2050 relative to the recent climatic period is shown that in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region we can expect an increase or retention of its values. The annual run of the RSDS has one maximum in June and one minimum in December.
In the future, the distribution of RSDS in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region will have a significant impact on proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, where an increased amount of total cloud cover significantly reduces the amount of incoming radiation.
In the location of solar power plants in the near future, the current RSDS values are expected to be maintained, which creates favorable conditions for the further development of the renewable energy industry in this area and increasing its productivity
Assessment of the offshore wind power potential of the Black and Azov Sea
No full textBased on the Global Wind Atlas an assessment of the wind resources of the Black and Azov seas was completed. The distribution of wind power density in the Black and Azov Seas is defined, as well as to identify areas with the most favorable conditions for the placement of offshore wind turbines. Most of the Black and Azov Seas are characterized by significant wind resources (value of wind power density > 400 W/m2). The total area of sites with favorable conditions for the placement of offshore wind turbines is about 98500 km2
DYNAMICS OF MACROCIRCULATION PROCESSES ACCOMPANYING BY THE DRY WINDS IN UKRAINE IN THE PRESENT CLIMATIC PERIOD
Get PDFDry wind in modern climate is an actual problem in Ukraine because it occurs al-
most every year during the vegetation period. We studied the spatial and temporal distribution of dry winds, their meteorological characteristics, dynamics of development and circulation processes leading to their formation in Ukraine. In this paper we described the features of temporal distribution of the hot dry winds over Ukraine from April to August, for the period of 1995∑2015 as well as interannual variability of dry winds. The analysis of the atmospheric circulation conditions was carried out using the classification of elementary circulation mechanisms (ECM) of the Northern Hemisphere, which was developed by Dzerdzeevsky (1968). The most repetitive of ECMs in the period of dry wind were identified, which are characterized by a formation of anticyclone periphery processes over the territory of Ukraine
Гідродинамічні процеси в протоці Дрейка
No full textОдин з ключових районів в Південному океані – протока Дрейка. Вона створює перешкоду на шляху циркумполярної течії, і у вужчому місці течія прискорюється. Штормове море та крижані умови зробили прохід через протоку Дрейка суворим випробуванням для кораблів та екіпажів.
Мета дослідження. Визначення характерних особливостей циркуляції вод у протоці Дрейка, дослідження її впливу на розподіл водних мас у Світовому океані
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF THE NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA WETLANDS
No full textA significant part of wetlands of international importance in Ukraine is located on the North-Western Black Sea region territory. Wetlands are integral components of a natural reserve fund and ecological network; they perform very important functions in maintaining biological and landscape-biological diversity, as well as stabilizing climatic conditions. Ecosystem services of wetlands are of great importance, but their quality is subject to the negative influence of natural spontaneous processes and various forms of anthropogenic activity. An assessment of wetlands ecosystem services is necessary to understand how important is their role for the normal life of the population, as well as for the conservation of biological diversity and the maintenance of balanced natural processes. Therefore, the problems of rational use, conser-vation and restoration of the North-Western Black Sea region wetlands, as well as their ecosystem services assessment are important in environmental and socio-economic aspects
SURFACE DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION FLUX PROJECTIONS FOR 2021‒2050 IN MOROCCO ACCORDING TO CORDEX-AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE MODELS
Get PDFThe article considers the results of an estimation of the shortwave radiation flux at the surface in Morocco from 2021-2050. Average monthly values of shortwave radiation coming to the underlying surface (Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation, RSDS), calculated using 11 regional climate models of the CORDEX-Africa project, were used as input data. The model calculation was performed assuming a greenhouse gas concentration scenario of RCP4.5. The aim of the work is to determine the characteristics of the distribution of shortwave radiation over the territory of Morocco from 2021-2050 and to identify areas with favourable conditions for developing solar energy in the near future. The results of an analysis of annual RSDS values in the vicinity of the solar power station in Ouarzazate in 2021-2050 are also presented
Assessment of ecosystem services of the north-western part of the Black sea: state, problems and prospects
Get PDFFormulation of the problem. Ecosystem services are resources and benefits that modern humanity can receive from the nature. It is the material benefit from abiogenic and biogenic components of various natural ecosystems. There were not large-scale studies according of evaluation ecosystem services in the Ukrainian water area of the Black Sea before, it is the actual environmental and socio-economic problem.
Review of previous publications. The main approach to evaluating the state of ecosystems in the EU countries based on the choice of load indicators on the ecosystems and their mapping. Multi-level approach implies the next steps: detection and evaluation of services (indicators, borders, quantitative assessment); calculations and a demonstration of value (assessment in physical units and money equivalent); court fixation and solutions (tools - subsidies, taxes, payments for ecosystem services, etc.).
Purpose. The man goal of the paper is analysis and estimation of modern state of ecosystem services, methods and perspectives of their using.
Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the critical analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of ecosystem services of marine and coastal ecosystems. During the preparing of the paper published data had been used, as well as the materials of personal research on various aspects of the evaluation of ecosystem services of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea.
Results. Marine and coastal ecosystems play a critical role in providing key services such as food supply, sequestration of anthropogenic carbon, waste management, biological regulation and the provision of habitat for hydrobionts. However, along with other ecosystems, today they are under serious anthropogenic pressure. Some types of anthropogenic activities have a very negative effect to the condition of natural ecosystems and to receive of their services. The ecosystems of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea are the living place of numerous organisms. These ecosystems consist on supporting services. Important regulatory services provide wetlands protected by the Ramsar Convention. The most intense cycle of nutrient substances occurs in the river’s mouth areas. The marine environment absorbs, disinfects and processes all sorts of waste production and consumption.
Conclusions. Take into account of the limited information of the of ecosystem services under the Northwestern part of the Black Sea, the first task is to determine the needs of local populations for these services, collection and generalization of information about their condition, coordination of their assessment methods for the region and the evaluation itself
