18 research outputs found
Metabolomics of prostate cancer gleason score in tumor tissue and serum
No full textGleason score, a measure of prostate tumor differentiation, is the strongest predictor of lethal prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis. Metabolomic profiling of tumor and of patient serum could identify biomarkers of aggressive disease and lead to the development of a less-invasive assay to perform active surveillance monitoring. Metabolomic profiling of prostate tissue and serum samples was performed. Metabolite levels and metabolite sets were compared across Gleason scores. Machine learning algorithms were trained and tuned to predict transformation or differentiation status from metabolite data. A total of 135 metabolites were significantly different (Padjusted < 0.05) in tumor versus normal tissue, and pathway analysis identified one sugar metabolism pathway (Padjusted 1⁄4 0.03). Machine learning identified profiles that predicted tumor versus normal tissue (AUC of 0.82 ± 0.08). In tumor tissue, 25 metabolites were associated with Gleason score (unadjusted P < 0.05), 4 increased in high grade while the remainder were enriched in low grade. While pyroglutamine and 1,5-anhydroglu-citol were correlated (0.73 and 0.72, respectively) between tissue and serum from the same patient, no metabolites were consistently associated with Gleason score in serum. Previously reported as well as novel metabolites with differing abundance were identified across tumor tissue. However, a “metabolite signature” for Gleason score was not obtained. This may be due to study design and analytic challenges that future studies should consider
CollectiveAction2.0: The Impact of ICT-Based Social Media on Collective Action – Difference in Degree or Difference in Kind?
No full textThe events in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa were referred in the media as the ‘Arab Spring’ and been described as Twitter and Facebook Revolutions. In this paper, the author addresses the information-technological relation between mass-protests (as a form of collective action) and social media. The paper uses the sociological framework in the field of collective action and social media and connects it with theories of information and communication technologies in the context of social movements.
The paper begins with an outline of relevant models of the social movement theory, a description of the role that ICT play in collective action in accordance with these models follows and then continues with a close analysis of the impact social media has on collective action. This work concludes with a description of the adjustments required in the analysis-framework, as social media changes the collective action equation, with emphasize on the possible dangers that should be avoided when addressing social media’s role collective action
Dust mobilization and transport in the northern Sahara during SAMUM 2006 � a meteorological overview
No full textThe SAMUM field campaign in southern Morocco in May/June 2006 provides valuable data to study the emission, and the horizontal and vertical transports of mineral dust in the Northern Sahara. Radiosonde and lidar observations show differential advection of air masses with different characteristics during stable nighttime conditions and up to 5-km deep vertical mixing in the strongly convective boundary layer during the day. Lagrangian and synoptic analyses of selected
dust periods point to a topographic channel from western Tunisia to central Algeria as a dust source region. Significant emission events are related to cold surges from the Mediterranean in association with eastward passing upper-level waves and lee cyclogeneses south of the Atlas Mountains. Other relevant events are local emissions under a distinct
cut-off low over northwestern Africa and gust fronts associated with dry thunderstorms over the Malian and Algerian Sahara. The latter are badly represented in analyses from the European Centre for Medium�Range Weather Forecasts and in a regional dust model, most likely due to problems with moist convective dynamics and a lack of observations in this region. This aspect needs further study. The meteorological source identification is consistent with estimates of optical and mineralogical properties of dust samples
The road to the White House through Arab eyes: Analysis of frames and credibility as presented by Alarabiya, Alhurra and Aljazeera
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe study looks into the 2008 American Presidential Election from two sides; the way the news channels frame the event and the way a sample of the audiences interpret it. Drawing on literature concerning framing theory which describes the practices employed by mass media to present world events in familiar and understandable formats to audiences, the study examines the coverage of the 2008 American Presidential Election on three trans-border news channels broadcasting in Arabic. A number of stories covering the American election campaign broadcasted on Alarabiya, Alhurra and Aljazeera, are included. The study assesses general frames used to describe the event by each channel. The analysis reports the frames generally employed by the three channels are relatively similar, suggesting a global effect on the media in following the Anglo-American model of journalism when reporting international events. The differences appear when reporting regional issues between the two Arabic trans-border channels Alarabiya and Aljazeera on one side and Alhurra on the other suggesting a link between journalistic ideology and framing. The second part of this thesis is the exploratory audience study which attempts to provide insights into perception of Arab news coverage - particularly in Saudi Arabia. The audience study uses a questionnaire and focus group methodologies on a sample of participants with high television news consumption levels, measuring the perception of news channels credibility in specific and credibility of media in general, and exploring the possible presence of a link between consumption level of news and perceived news credibility. Moreover, examining how audience analyse news and how their opinions about the event have been shaped by media framing
The current Arab work ethic: Antecedents, implications, and potential remedies
No full textThis article begins with the premise that market-oriented development strategies require more than the free movement of the factors of production from one use to another; they also require a positive work ethic and an energetic and committed workforce. However, the existing Arab work ethic does not seem conducive to development and change. This article assesses some antecedents that might have led to the emergence of the existing work ethic. First, we address the potential role of religion in developing a value system that is not conducive to growth and development. We also tackle family dynamics in the Arab world and the impact of family structures on personal and group development. Then, we move our attention to the educational system in the Arab world trying to uncover any common patterns in the various educational approaches in the Arab world that could have had lasting impressions on power dynamics in Arab societies. We also address power and leadership relationships and focus our attention on how groups actually function in the Arab world. Thereafter, we tackle what has emerged out of these societal institutions and relationships, and offer some implications marking out paths for international managers. © Springer 2009.Ali Abbas J, 2008, Cross Cultural Management, V15, DOI 10.1108-13527600810848791; Ali A., 1993, INT STUDIES MANAGEME, V23, P53; Ali A., 1992, INT J MANPOWER, V13, P19, DOI DOI 10.1108-01437729210010274; ALI A, 1998, INT J SOCIOLOGY SOCI, V18, P1, DOI DOI 10.1108-01443339810788551; ALWARDI A, 1965, STUDY NATURE IRAQI S; [Anonymous], 2003, BUILD KNOWL SOC; *AR WORLD COMP REP, 2007, SUST GROWTH MOM; Atiyyah H. S., 1996, J MANAGEMENT DEV, V15, P37, DOI 10.1108-02621719610117231; BARAKAT H, 2000, ARAB SOC 20 CENTURY; Beekun RI, 2005, J BUS ETHICS, V60, P131, DOI 10.1007-s10551-004-8204-5; Darwish A.Y., 2001, PERS REV, V30, P152, DOI DOI 10.1108-00483480110380325; De Atkine, 1973, ARAB MIND; ELASHMAWI F, 2000, PEOPLE MANAGEMENT, V6, P52; Elsayed-Elkhouly S., 1997, INT J COMMERCE MANAG, V7, P102, DOI 10.1108-eb047358; Erdem F., 2003, WORK STUDY, V52, P337, DOI DOI 10.1108-00438020310502633; Fandy M., 2000, MIDDLE E J, V54, P379; Feghali E, 1997, INT J INTERCULT REL, V21, P345, DOI 10.1016-S0147-1767(97)00005-9; Fergany N., 2001, ASPECTS LABOR MIGRAT; GOLDSTONE JA, 2003, SERIES ROLE I PROMOT; Hijab N., 1988, WOMANPOWER ARAB DEBA; HIJAZI M, 1989, SOCIAL RETARDATION I; HITTI PK, 1973, CAPITAL CITIES ARAB; HODGENDORN JS, 1996, EC DEV; Hofstede G., 2001, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE; HOFSTEDE G., 1997, CULTURES ORG SOFTWAR; Hofstede G., 1984, CULTURAL CONSEQUENCE; HOPKINS NS, 1997, ARAB SOC CLASS GENDE; House R. J., 2004, CULTURE LEADERSHIP O; Jamali D., 2005, WOMEN MANAGEMENT REV, V20, P581, DOI DOI 10.1108-09649420510635213; Karmi Ghada, 1996, FEMINISM ISLAM LEGAL, P69; KAZEMI F, 2000, SOC RES, V67, P22; Khadra B., 1990, INT STUDIES MANAGEME, V20, P37; KHURI FI, 1990, TENTS PYRAMIDS GAMES; Kiffin-Petersen S., 2004, J AUSTR NZ ACAD MANA, V10, P38, DOI 10.5172-jmo.2004.10.1.38; KRAMER RM, 1996, FRONTIERS THEORY RES; LeVine R. A., 2001, PSYCHOL CULTURAL EXP; MAKDISI S, 1990, EC DIMENSIONS MIDDLE, P123; Masliyah Sadok, 1999, DIALOG LANGUAGE INST, V13, P97; Matsumoto D., 2001, HDB CULTURE PSYCHOL; MOUGHRABI FM, 1978, INT J MIDDLE E STUD, V9, P99; Muna F., 1980, ARAB EXECUTIVE; Penrose E. T., 1993, EC POLITICAL LIBERAL, P3; Rice G, 1999, J BUS ETHICS, V18, P345, DOI 10.1023-A:1005711414306; Richardson PM, 2004, INT J EDUC DEV, V24, P429, DOI 10.1016-j.ijedudev.2004.02.003; Robertson C., 2002, THUNDERBIRD INT BUSI, V44, P583, DOI 10.1002-tie.10036; RODINSON M, 1979, ARABS; SAFWAN M, 1994, MANUFACTURING OPPRES, P71; Sarayrah Y. K., 2004, GLOBAL VIRTUE ETHICS, V5, P58; SHARABI H, 1977, INTRODUCTORY STUDY A; SHARABI Hisham, 1988, NEOPATRIARCHY THEORY; Sidani Y., 2008, J MANAGEMENT HIST, V14, P73, DOI DOI 10.1108-17511340810845499; Sidani Y., 2005, WOMEN MANAGEMENT REV, V20, P498, DOI DOI 10.1108-09649420510624738; Transparency International, 2007, CORR PERC IND; UNDP, 2004, FREED AR WORLD; *UNDP, 2005, RIS WOM AR WORLD; United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2002, CREAT OPP FUT GEN; WATFA AA, 2000, STRUCTURE AUTHORITY; Weber M., 2005, PROTESTANT ETHIC SPI; Wilkins S., 2001, INT J TRAINING DEV, V5, P153, DOI DOI 10.1111-1468-2419.00129; ZAYOUR A, 1977, PSYCHOL ANAL ARAB SE104
POLITICAL ISLAM: Asking the Wrong Questions?
No full textThe empirical literature on political Islam is fairly rich and getting better, but theoretical interpretations of these data are still quite primitive. This gap is a product of Orientalist traditions that essentialize Islamic movements, a resulting lack of appreciation for their global diversity, and the inevitable politicization of the subject matter. This essay seeks not only to identify the most important studies in the field but to show how they suggest a typology, chronology, and problematic that might lead to more fruitful analysis in the future.ABDELMALEK A, 1963, DIOGENES, V44, P107; ABRAHAMIAN E, KHOMEINISM ESSAYS IS; Abrahamian Ervand, 1989, IRANIAN MOJAHEDIN; Abun-Nasr Jamil M., 1965, TIJANIYYA SUFI ORDER; Adelkhah Fariba, 2000, BEING MODERN IRAN; Ahmed A. 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The relationship between the ulama and the government in the contemporary Saudi Arabian Kingdom: an interdependent relationship?
No full textThis thesis examines the relationship between the ulama and the government in contemporary Saudi Arabia (end of 1970s until 1999). The study contends that the relationship between the ulama and the government is based on interdependence. The majority of previous analysis on Saudi Arabia underplays the importance of the role of the ulama, who indeed no longer have direct access to the government's decision making. However this study shows how the role of the ulama is paramount for the legitimacy of the regime, an aspect that defines the nature of the interdependence between the ulama and the government. Two sets of hypothesis are used to explain how this relationship oscillates between conflict and cooperation in relation to the creation and maintenance of the legitimacy of the regime. An analysis of the historical role of the ulama and examples of their role in current times has been brought in, to provide an understanding of the development of the role of both the ulama and the government in Saudi Arabia. The creation and maintenance of the legitimacy of the political system in Saudi Arabia underscores how and in which domains the relationship between the parties produces both conflict and cooperation, as well as how Saudi society participates in the maintenance of the legitimacy. The ulama's role, moderating among the different actors of the society, has been emphasized through an examination of the contestation of the regime by different groups and individuals since 1979, and the record of cooperation with the government. The conclusions of the research show how the ulama are important for the definition of the rules and values around which Saudi society revolves. However the role of the ulama is being threatened by the challenges emanating from the access to modern technology and the implications of the incorporation of Saudi society into the world economy
The international, regional and legal aspects of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait 1990-1991
No full textThe resolution of the Iraq-Kuwait crisis depended on the leading role played by the US in managing the crisis and eliciting the international and regional support needed to uphold international law and restore the legitimacy and sovereignty of the Kuwaiti state. In that Saudi Arabia and the UN immensely aided the US. The focus of the study will be on this particular contribution of the Security Council and Riyadh to the resolution of the crisis. Saudi Arabia's leading regional role in support of Kuwait and its willingness to participate in the war waged against Iraq from its territory shows the extent of its concern over the strengthening of Iraq as a dominant force in the Gulf area as well as over Iraqi violation of the Charters of the UN and the Arab League. The international response was also motivated by similar concerns, in addition to Iraq threatening the strategic interests of the US. It was this direct threat to the US that motivated Washington to use the Security Council as the most appropriate vehicle to manage the crisis by emphasising adherence to international law and UN Charter. There was no doubt that Iraq violated international law, but the domination of the international coalition and the Security Council by the US tainted the role of the UN and emphasised the fact that Desert Storm was not merely about restoring Kuwaiti sovereignty but also about the destruction of Iraqi power. The severity of the sanctions and their continuation for more than a decade is further evidence that Washington's objectives go beyond the needs of upholding international law and maintaining peace and stability. The Gulf war restored Kuwaiti sovereignty but did very little to restore stability and peace in the region. Divisions among Arab states have been accentuated, the Arab league is totally marginalised and the GCC lacks the ability to create a viable order to safeguard the sovereignty and stability of the Gulf area. Thus the consequences of the war on the region and on Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq have been extensive and devastating
Epigenetic mechanisms of plant-derived anticancer drugs
No full textEpigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of adult life. Disruption of epigenetic processes results in deregulated gene expression and leads to life-threatening diseases, in particular, cancer. Global epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of cancer. Cancer epigenetics revealed the deregulation of all components of the epigenetic machinery including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin structure, and non-coding RNAs. Drugs targeting epigenetic processes, or epi-drugs, are at the forefront of drug discovery, and plant-derived compounds have shown promise. Most of the plant-derived anticancer drugs that work through epigenetic mechanisms are polyphenols; the others are alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, and terpenoids. This review focuses on the epigenetic machinery and its basis for cancer therapy, highlights plantderived anticancer drugs with epigenetic mechanisms of action, and discusses their potential use in epigenetic therapy.Abe I, 2000, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V268, P767, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.2000.2217; Adhami VM, 2003, CLIN CANCER RES, V9, P3176; Aihara H, 2004, GENE DEV, V18, P877, DOI 10.1101-gad.1184604; Ajiro K, 1996, J BIOL CHEM, V271, P13197; Akare S, 2006, INT J CANCER, V119, P2958, DOI 10.1002-ijc.22231; Akimoto T, 2001, INT J RADIAT ONCOL, V50, P195, DOI 10.1016-S0360-3016(00)01560-1; Alhosin M, 2010, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V79, P1251, DOI 10.1016-j.bcp.2009.12.015; Ali S, 2010, CANCER RES, V70, P3606, DOI 10.1158-0008-5472.CAN-09-4598; ALLFREY VG, 1964, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V51, P786, DOI 10.1073-pnas.51.5.786; AM B. 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Counter-Terrorism in Saudi Arabia: Narratives, Practices and Challenges
No full textSince 9/11, both in the Middle East and worldwide, the academic, political and religious focus on extreme radicalisation has intensified. The attacks carried out in Riyadh, the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by Al-Qaeda in 2003, motivated a succession of bombings within and outside of the Kingdom. These events have led to a plethora of general and specific studies to understand the phenomenon of extremism.
This thesis investigates radicalisation in Saudi Arabia since 2001, focusing on the impact of Al-Qaeda and its impact on individuals and the state. It specifically focuses on the role of the Mohammed bin Naif Centre for Counselling, Rehabilitation and Care, in this context referred to as ‘the Centre’, analysing its function as a tool for the ‘soft power’ strategy that has been initiated by the Saudi Arabian Government, intended to de-radicalise individuals who are perceived by the state to have been misled.
The study uses a detailed literature review to unpack the historical trends regarding the origins of Saudi Arabia, the political differences therein, as well as the different religious interpretations which are attributed as being a root cause of discontent which thereby leads to radicalisation and violent extremism in the region. In this thesis, I trace the various schools of thought regarding the treatment of religion and governance in relation to local and international politics, and how this impacts upon the radicalisation of individuals.
A Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) approach is used to highlight the need to view studies on security from a reflexive perspective, both in the researcher and the researched subject matter, namely the terrorist organisations and the governments against which they are fighting. The concept of governance is analysed and how this either precipitates or prevents dissent that results in violence.
In addition, the political and religious solutions to radicalisation are assessed, with a specific focus on the de-radicalisation process, as reflected through a qualitative research on the views and thinking of the practitioners working in the Centre. In this context, I investigate the motives, roles, responsibilities and strategies used in executing their roles, with the aim of seeking possible explanations for the causes of radicalisation and the challenges faced in de-radicalising individuals. Their views are used to form the main basis for the data for this research.
This study should be of interest to politicians, security experts, academics, religious leaders, Islamic scholars and interested individuals. It will be a valuable contribution towards an understanding of the causes, consequences and possible solutions to addressing Islamic extremism and radicalisation
