217 research outputs found
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from three wild Lamiaceae species in Lebanon - an in vitro and in vivo studies
Get PDFEssential Oil from Berries of Lebanese Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb Displays Similar Antibacterial Activity to Chlorhexidine but Higher Cytocompatibility with Human Oral Primary Cells
Get PDFChlorhexidine (CHX), one of the most effective drugs administered for periodontal treatment, presents collateral effects including toxicity when used for prolonged periods; here, we have evaluated the bactericidal potency and the cytocompatibility of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb essential oil (EO) in comparison with 0.05% CHX. The EO was extracted from berries by hydrodistillation and components identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Bacterial inhibition halo analysis, quantitative cell viability 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenyl amino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay (XTT), and colony forming unit (CFU) count were evaluated against the two biofilm formers Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans. Finally, cytocompatibility was assessed with human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and mucosal keratinocytes (HK). The resulting EO was mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes. An inhibition halo test demonstrated that both bacteria were sensitive to the EO; XTT analysis and CFU counts confirmed that 10-fold-diluted EO determined a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in bacteria count and viability towards both biofilm and planktonic forms in a comparable manner to those obtained with CHX. Moreover, EO displayed higher cytocompatibility than CHX (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EO exhibited bactericidal activity similar to CHX, but a superior cytocompatibility, making it a promising antiseptic alternative to CHX
Chemical diversity and antimicrobial potential of Lebanese plants essential oils
No full textLa résistance aux antimicrobiens est un problème mondial majeur de plus en plus préoccupant. Le développement de nouveaux antimicrobiens classiques remplaçant les agents rendus inefficaces est certes l’une des stratégies les plus prometteuses visant à diminuer son ampleur. Mais cette solution demeure malheureusement momentanée. En fait tout agent antimicrobien sera tôt ou tard vaincu par la propagation des souches résistantes favorisée par le phénomène de pression de sélection exercée par l’agent lui-même. Il est donc nécessaire d’envisager toutes les alternatives possibles aux approches classiques, cela afin de diversifier l’arsenal thérapeutique antimicrobien.Les huiles essentielles utilisées par les plantes dans leur défense contre les pathogènes sont naturellement composées d’un mélange de constituants les rendant capables d’agir sur plusieurs cibles de l’organisme. De ce fait, même les pathogènes les plus résistants ne vont pouvoir échapper à leurs actions et le développement des résistances sera par conséquent limité. Dans le cadre de la présente thèse des plantes aromatiques libanaises sélectionnées en se basant surtout sur des indications ethno pharmacologiques ont été récoltées de différentes régions libanaises. Elles ont été par la suite hydrodistillées pour produire une vingtaine d’huiles essentielles qui ont été analysées par GC/MS et éventuellement par RMN, et évaluées contre une gamme de pathogènes responsables d’infections cutanées chez l’homme. L’analyse de la composition chimique des HEs a été marquée par l’isolement et la caractérisation pour la première fois du santolinoïdol, un sesquiterpène du type bisabolène qui a été retrouvé dans l’huile essentielle d’Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii. Presque la moitié des HEs ont été actives sur au moins un des pathogènes. L’origine de l’activité des huiles les plus actives, l’effet de leurs associations avec des antimicrobiens commerciaux ainsi que leurs cytotoxicités ont été également investigués.Antimicrobial resistance is a major global problem and a growing concern. The development of new conventional antimicrobial agents replacing inefficient ones is certainly one of the most promising strategies aiming to reduce its extent. But this solution remains unfortunately momentary. In fact, any antimicrobial agent will eventually be defeated by the spread of resistant strains favored by the selection pressure phenomenon exerted by the agent itself. It is therefore necessary to consider all possible alternatives to conventional approaches in order to diversify the antimicrobial arsenal.Essential oils used by plants in their defense against pathogens are naturally composed of a mixture of components making them able to act on several targets of the organism. Thus, even the most resistant pathogens will not be able to escape their actions and the development of resistance will be therefore limited.In this thesis, Lebanese aromatic plants selected based mainly on ethnopharmacological indications were collected from various Lebanese regions. They were subsequently hydrodistillated producing twenty essential oils analyzed by GC / MS and eventually by NMR, and assessed against a range of pathogens that cause skin infections in humans. The analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs was marked by the isolation and characterization for the first time of santolinoïdol, a bisabolene type sesquiterpene that was found in the essential oil of Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii. Almost half of the EOs have been active on at least one pathogen. The origin of the activity of the most active oils, the effect of their associations with commercial antimicrobials and their cytotoxicities were also investigated
Contribution à l'ethnopharmacologie libanaise et aux Lamiaceae du Liban
No full textL'ethnopharmacologie, approche scientifique transdisciplinaire, s'intéresse aux connaissances empiriques des populations rurales en terme d'utilisations de remèdes médicinaux traditionnels. L'ethnobotanique et l'ethnopharmacologie sont essentielles pour conserver, au sein de pharmacopées, une trace écrite des médecines traditionnelles dont la transmission est basée sur la tradition orale. Jusqu'à ce jour il n'existe aucune publication exhaustive concernant les usages des plantes au Liban. C'est pour cette raison que des enquêtes ethnobotaniques et ethnopharmacologiques ont été menées dans un grand nombre de villes et villages libanais et ont permis de recenser 528 espèces appartenant à 102 familles à usage médicinal. La recherche ici présente est réalisée pour la première fois et a pour objectifs l'étude des espèces médicinales utilisées au Liban dans le but de sauvegarder le savoir traditionnel mais notamment pour contribuer à la création d'une pharmacopée libanaise et l'identification des caractères spécifiques des Lamiaceae libanaises (trichome) en vue de lutter contre les falsifications des drogues. Notre étude s'organise en trois parties. La première présente un aperçu général du Liban s'axant sur la géographie, la description et répartition géomorphologique, l'hydrographie, la géologie, le climat, le sol, les étages et séries de végétation et la population. Une seconde partie est consacrée à la démarche ethnopharmacologique. Nous y décrivons les matériels et méthodes et les résultats des enquêtes ethnobotaniques de terrain menées au Liban. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous développons le concept de l'utilisation des trichomes dans l'identification et la classification des plantes et en particulier chez les LamiaceaeLILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Capparis spinosa L. in A Systematic Review: A Xerophilous Species of Multi Values and Promising Potentialities for Agrosystems under the Threat of Global Warming
No full textCaper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a xerophytic shrub with a remarkable adaptability to harsh environments. This plant species is of great interest for its medicinal/pharmacological properties and its culinary uses. Its phytochemical importance relies on many bioactive components present in different organs and its cultivation can be of considerable economic value. Moreover, taxonomic identification of C. spinosa L. has been difficult due to its wide heterogeneity, and many authors fell into confusion due to the scarcity of genetic studies. The present review summarizes information concerning C. spinosa L. including agronomic performance, botanical description, taxonomical approaches, traditional pharmacological uses, phytochemical evaluation and genetic studies. This knowledge represents an important tool for further research studies and agronomic development on this indigenous species with respect to the emerging climatic change in the Eastern Mediterranean countries. Indeed, this world region is particularly under the threat of global warming and it appears necessary to rethink agricultural systems to adapt them to current and futures challenging environmental conditions. Capparis spinosa L. could be a part of this approach. So, this review presents a state of the art considering caper as a potential interesting crop under arid or semi-arid regions (such as Eastern Mediterranean countries) within the climate change context. The aim is to raise awareness in the scientific community (geneticists, physiologists, ecophysiologists, agronomists, …) about the caper strengths and interest to the development of this shrub as a crop
Investigation of essential oil chemical polymorphism of <em>salvia fruticosa</em> naturally growing in lebanon
No full textInternational audienceSalvia fruticosaa perennial aromatic plant, endemic to the Mediterranean region, is the most used medicinal plant in Lebanon. S. fruticosa essential oils (EOs) are widely acknowledged in the Lebanese traditional medicine to treat several ailments. Plant samples were harvested at various months of the year 2013, from 4 different Lebanese areas: Baabda, Ansariyeh, Harissa and Nahr Ibrahim. Fresh herb was either air dried or lyophilized. EOs were obtained using 2 extraction techniques: Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and conventional hydro distillation. The chemical variability of Lebanese S. fruticosa EO quantity and quality was assessed according to harvesting time and region, drying methods and EO extraction techniques. GC/MS showed that the major compounds in the oils were: eucalyptol (18.3-83.7 %), trans-anethole (0.00-61.7 %), beta-caryophyllene (0.00-38 %), and camphor (0.00-16.7 %). EO yields were affected by plant's growth stages, drying methods and EO extraction techniques. EO extraction methods and harvesting time and region had an impact on EO chemical composition whereas tested drying methods had no significant influence. Our study highlighted 4 different chemotypes for S. fruticosa EO: eucalyptol, camphor, alpha-thujoneand trans-anethole. For the first time in our study, trans-anethole was found as distinguishable chemotype
Phytochemical Profile, GC-MS Profiling and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Biological Applications of the Extracts of Origanum syriacum L. and Cousinia libanotica D.C.
No full textInternational audienceIndigenous to Lebanon, Origanum syriacum L. and Cousinia libanotica D.C. are notable plants in the Middle East, with O. syriacum known for its aromatic qualities and C. libanotica being less explored. Both plants have a significant role in traditional medicine for treating various ailments. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological properties of the extracts from these plants. The extracts were obtained through cold maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The ethyl acetate extract of O. syriacum exhibited the highest total polyphenol content. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified fifteen compounds in both C. libanotica and O. syriacum extracts, whereas gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis unveiled 179 volatile compounds. Notably, the O. syriacum-MeOH extract showed moderate antioxidant activity. Both plants’ methanolic extracts demonstrated significant anti-Alzheimer’s potential. The O. syriacum-dichloromethane and C. libanotica-cyclohexane extracts displayed the highest cytotoxicities against the HCT-116 cell line. For anti-proliferative activity against the Caco-2 cell line, the O. syriacum-methanol and C. libanotica-cyclohexane extracts were the most effective. This study provides valuable insights into the phytochemistry and potential therapeutic applications of extracts from these two oriental plant species
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against food‐related microorganisms of different essential oils from Lebanon
No full textChemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. growing wild in Lebanon
No full textThe essential oils (EOs) isolated from the leaves and twigs of Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. growing wild in Lebanon were characterized, and their antimicrobial activity and antiradical capacity were evaluated. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC and GC/MS analyses. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative bacterium, a yeast, and a dermatophyte with the broth microdilution technique. A total of 28 constituents was identified and accounted for 90.1 and 95.6% of the twig and leaf EO composition, respectively. Both EOs were essentially composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (46.7 and 59.6% for twig and leaf EOs, resp.) and sesquiterpenes (39.4 and 32.1%, resp.). The main components were α-pinene, α-cedrol, and δ-car-3-ene. The J. excelsa EOs did not show any antiradical potential, but revealed interesting in vitro antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum (MICs of 64 and 128 μg/ml, resp.). The three major compounds were tested separately and in combination according to their respective amounts in the oil. δ-Car-3-ene was the most active component and is undoubtedly one of the constituents driving the antifungal activity of J. excelsa essential oil, even though synergies are probably involved
Effect of geographical origin on yield and composition of cone essential oils of Cedrus libani A. Rich. growing in Lebanese protected areas and variability assessment in comparison with literature survey
Get PDFGas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis together with principal component analysis revealed that geographical origin influenced the yield and composition of the essential oils (EOs) extracted by hydrodistillation performed for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus, from the cones of Cedrus libani A. Rich., growing wild at four Lebanese natural reserves and protected areas: Bsharri, Chouf, Ehden, and Tannourine, and from a cultivated cedar growing in Qartaba. Essential oil chemical variability established between the different studied provenances suggested the involvement of abiotic factors such as geographical conditions, cultivation conditions, soil composition, and environmental factors in the chemical polymorphism of C. libani cones EOs. α-Pinene/β-pinene characterized Ehden (β-pinene 35.6%/α-pinene 27.7%), Chouf (α-pinene 37.3%/β-pinene 26.1%), Bsharri (α-pinene 27.7%/β-pinene 21.4%), and Tannourine (α-pinene 25.1%/β-pinene 16.0%) samples, whereas Qartaba EO was distinguished by the dominance of myrcene (30.6%), α-pinene(26%), and limonene (14.1%). Comparison with the existing literature reinforced the chemical variability of C. libani EOs. This current study helped the estimation of a best harvest location for a good EO quality production, resource optimization, and pharmacological properties evaluation, according to the market demand
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