248 research outputs found
Synthesis, theoretical and experimental characterisation of thin film Cu2Sn1-xGexS3 ternary alloys (x=0 to 1): Homogeneous intermixing of k for Sn and Ge
No full textCu2Sn1-xGexS3 is a p-type semiconductor alloy currently investigated for use as an absorber layer in thin film solar cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the properties of this alloy in thin film form in order to establish relationships between group IV composition and structural, vibrational and opto-electronic properties. Seven single phase Cu2Sn1-xGexS3 films are prepared from x = 0 to 1, showing a uniform distribution of Ge and Sn laterally and in depth. The films all show a monoclinic crystal structure. The lattice parameters are extracted using Le Bail refinement and show a linear decrease with increasing Ge content. Using density-functional theory with hybrid functionals, we calculate the Raman active phonon frequencies of Cu2SnS3 and Cu2GeS3. For the alloyed compounds, we use a virtual atom approximation. The shift of the main Raman peak from x = 0 to x =1 can be explained as being half due to the change in atomic masses and half being due to the different bond strength. The bandgaps of the alloys are extracted from photoluminescence measurements and increase linearly from about 0.90 to 1.56 eV with increasing Ge. The net acceptor density of all films is around 10(18)cm(-3). These analyses have established that the alloy forms a solid solution over the entire composition range meaning that intentional band gap grading should be possible for future absorber layers. The linear variation of the unit cell parameters and the band gap with group IV content allows composition determination by scattering or optical measurements. Further research is required to reduce the doping density by two orders of magnitude in order to improve the current collection within a solar cell device structure. (C) 2018 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.We acknowledge support from the National Research Fund,Luxembourg, through the EATSS project under the grant agreementC13/MS/5898466 and through project C12/MS/3987081/TSDSN(L.W. and H.P.C.M.). The Laboratory for Photovoltaics and the Lab-oratory of Energy Materials at the University of Luxembourg arefully acknowledged for help and discussion, especially Dr. MicheleMelchiorre and Daniel Siopa for performing the majority of theWDX measurements. The working group of Structure and Dy-namics of Energy Materials at the HZB is acknowledged for accessand help with the measurements in the X-Ray CoreLab. Dr Inma-culada Pera Alonso is acknowledged for her complementary adviceon the Le Bail refinement
Did the post war repatriation of Lebanese physicians drive recent Lebanese medical graduates to emigrate? An observational study
No full textAbstract Background A significant number of Lebanese medical graduates have emigrated from Lebanon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the repatriation of Lebanese physicians educated abroad has contributed to the international emigration of recent Lebanese medical graduates. Methods We analyzed the demographic and educational characteristics and the year of registration of physicians registered with the two physician associations in Lebanon as of 2007. We then analyzed the number of new and total registrants and the physician density for the years 1977–2006. Finally we calculated the percentage of Lebanese graduates of the years 1977–2006 registered as of 2007. Results As of 2007, 10,918 physicians were registered in Lebanon. Most were male (80.4%) and graduated from either Lebanese (36.4%) or Eastern European (30.6%) medical schools. The top three regions of specialty training were Western Europe (31.8%), Eastern Europe (28.4%) and Lebanon (25.7%). About half the physicians registered with the Lebanese Order of Physicians as of 2007 joined during the 1990s decade; only 26.2% of these graduated from Lebanese medical schools during that decade. The number of new registrants increased dramatically in the early 1990s and started decreasing in the early 2000s. About 60% of Lebanese medical graduates of the years 1977–2006 were registered in Lebanon as of 2007. Categorizing Lebanese medical graduates by their year of graduation, the percentage registered in Lebanon as of 2007 showed a "dip" for those who graduated in the early 1990s. Conclusion The high number of physicians educated abroad returning to Lebanon after the end of the civil war may have driven recent Lebanese medical graduates to emigrate.</p
Cancer incidence in postwar Lebanon: Findings from the first national population-based registry, 1998
No full textPurpose Cancer incidence rates in Lebanon have been lacking for over three decades. National data based on a total of 4388 cases diagnosed during the year 1998 were reviewed and analyzed. Methods Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 population were calculated and results were contrasted with estimates from developed and selected developing countries in the region. Results Among males, bladder (18.5percent), prostate (14.2percent), and lung cancer (14.1percent) were the most frequently reported malignancies. Among females, breast cancer alone accounted for over a third of all cancers, followed by colon cancer (5.8percent), and cancer of the corpus uteri (4.8percent). Sex-differentials in incidence rates were highest for tobacco-related cancers (lung, larynx, and bladder). Compared with current estimates worldwide, ASRs for bladder cancer in Lebanon showed strikingly high rates. Whereas ASRs for breast and prostate cancer remained lower than those observed in developed countries, they were greater than those estimated from neighboring countries with a similar epidemiological transition as Lebanon. Conclusions Findings of the comparative assessments most likely reflect differentials in prevalence of risk factors and lifestyle variables (e.g., lung and breast cancers) and can be partly explained by improvement in cancer detection rate in recent years (for prostate cancer). The implications of the results in light of primary prevention activities, screening practices, and research initiatives in Lebanon are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.ABOUDAOU.KT, 1966, CANCER, V19, P1293, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(196609)19:91293::AID-CNCR28201909173.0.CO;2-L; ABOUDAOUD KT, 1980, J MED LIBAN, V3, P251; Adib SM, 1998, ANN EPIDEMIOL, V8, P46; Adib S M, 1996, J Med Liban, V44, P142; Ammar W, 2000, LEBANON NATL HLTH AC; ARMSTRONG BK, 1992, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V3, P569, DOI 10.1007-BF00052754; AZAR HA, 1962, CANCER, V15, P66, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(196201-02)15:166::AID-CNCR28201501113.0.CO;2-G; BOSCH X, 2001, LANCET ONCOL, V2, P194, DOI 10.1016-S1470-2045(00)00281-3; Ghosn M, 1992, J Med Liban, V40, P4; Gilliland F D, 1994, Cancer Surv, V19-20, P175; HILL C, 1995, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V24, P241, DOI 10.1093-ije-24.1.241; *JNDP, 2002, NAT HUM DEV REP GLOB; Mansley EC, 2001, LANCET, V358, P1169, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(01)06258-4; Neal D E, 2000, Lancet Oncol, V1, P17, DOI 10.1016-S1470-2045(00)00005-X; NUWAYHID I, 1997, BEIRUT HLTH PROFILE; *PAPCHILD, 1996, LEB MAT CHILD HLTH S; Parkin D. M., 2002, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, VIII; Parkin DM, 2001, LANCET ONCOL, V2, P533, DOI 10.1016-S1470-2045(01)00486-7; Rodriguez-Cuevas S, 2001, CANCER, V91, P863, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(20010215)91:4863::AID-CNCR10743.0.CO;2-Y; SAAB G, 1985, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V14, P338, DOI 10.1093-ije-14.2.338-a; SALA M, 2001, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V11, P925; Sibai AM, 2002, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V80, P555; Storm HH, 1996, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V7, P299, DOI 10.1007-BF00052933; Taleb N N, 1994, J Med Liban, V42, P29; TUCER T, 1994, PRIMARY CARE CANC, V14, P33; *UN, 2000, FEM MAL LEB STAT PRO, P57; *UNDP, 1998, LEB DEV COOP REP 199; *UNFP MOSA, 1997, STAT TABL POP HOUS C; *WHO, 1975, INT STAT CLASS DIS O; Zeegers MPA, 2001, OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V58, P590, DOI 10.1136-oem.58.9.59035262
Imam Salim b. Rashid and the Imamate revival in Oman 1331/1913 - 1338/1920
No full textThe principal aim of this thesis is to assess the performance of Imam Salim b.Rashid and the Imamate revival in Oman during the second decade of the 20th century. It
presents biographical information about Imam Salim, with special reference to the military and political policies by which he established and consolided his Imamate in the
Interior Province, and his relations with the Sultan and the latter's British supporters. An attempt is also made to explore the relationship between the Imam and the Omani tribes and to evaluate his administrative success. This thesis comprises eight chapters, and the introduction and conclusion. The introduction reviews the relevant literature on the topic. The first chapter describes the geographical setting and provides a historical background,
relating to three principal matters: the rise of the Iba<;liyyah and the development of the Imamate in Oman; the events in Oman after Sd. Sa'id's death up to 1913; and the effects of the First World War. The second chapter seeks to give an account of the career of Imam Salim's life and the Imamate revival. The third chapter discusses the manner in
which the Imam was elected, private and public allegiance (bay'ah) and the Imam's aims and policy programme. Chapter Four deals with the Imam's military operations and the
spread of his authority over Oman. Chapter Five examines the attempts at negotiation between the Imam and the Sultan, and the role of the British Government and the local
figures in this regard. Chapter Six is devoted to a discussion of the role of the tribes in support of Imam Salim, and the extent of the Imam's influence over these tribes. Chapter Seven assesses the Imam's administrative machinery, including the political system, the bureaucracy, education policy, and financial apparatus. Chapter Eight examines the causes behind the assassination of Imam Salim and the signing of the Treaty of al-Sib. In the conclusion, we present the findings of the research as they have emerged from the assessment of the course of events in Oman. We have said that the Omanis succeeded in reviving the Imamate and elected Imam Salim al-KharU~i who devoted his efforts to establish the foundations of the state, and peace prevailed in the country after the treaty of
al-Sib in 1920
Osmia (Helicosmia) kuznetzovi Cockerell 1930
No full text<i>Osmia</i> (<i>Helicosmia</i>) <i>kuznetzovi</i> Cockerell, 1930 * <p> <b>Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC:</b> Eastern Mediterranean to Uzbekistan (Müller 2021).</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> N. Lebanon: Bcharre, Qornet Es Sawda, 2694 m, 27.VII.2017, 1♀, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; Bcharre, Dahr El Adib, 2572 m, 29.VII.2018, 2♀, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; 1♂, leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA; Bcharre, Plateau Qornet Es Sawda, 2882 m, 1.VIII.2018, 1♂, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; Bcharre, Qornet Es Sawda, 2909 m, 30.VII.2019, 2♂, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; Bcharre, 2042 m, 31.VII.2019, 1♀, leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA; Bcharre, Dahr El Adib, 2566 m, 20.VIII.2019, 1♀, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU.</p> <p> <b>Flower records.</b> Asteraceae: <i>Cirsium lappaceum</i>, <i>Cousinia libanotica</i>; Lamiaceae: <i>Marrubium libanoticum</i></p>Published as part of <i>Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, Müller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1)</i> on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4819018">http://zenodo.org/record/4819018</a>
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at the Commencement exercises on June 7, 1962, be approved
as follows:
Bachelor of Science
From the Undergraduate Faculty
Chemi stry
Adib Samir Zeind
Alexandra A. Paleo logo
Alexander Mardikian
Fayez Helmi
I sma i 1 Ahmad. E I S ha i b
*Mary Louise Apelian
Moustafa Mahmoud Mansour
Nadia Shukry Zaklama
Nizar Fakhry EI Alaml
(i n absentia)
Omar Yahya Zulfikar" II
*,~Pakinam Mahmoud Askalany
Peter Gabriel Chamy
Wagi h Ata Ilah
Bachelor of Arts
From the Undergraduate Faculty
Humanities
Engl ish Literature
Aida Adib Lalla Nessim Abou Seif
Argine Klonari s Lai la Tadros Ghal i
-J'E I ham Gu I nena Magda Abde 1 Ham i d Abou Ze i d
He 1 en Va I avan i ~'(Ne 11 y Bbu·l os Hanna
I rene Al ourda
Education
Gregory Papafoutlou (in absentia)
Science
General Science
Nadia Habashy Simry
Social Science
Sociology-Anthropology
Daisy Karakand Ileana Mazzella
Elizabeth Nicolas Caragounis ~Mona Selim Gibara
Georgia Stylianos Mayerakis
Psychology
Hassan Abdul Mutal Abdul Bari Peggy Francoise Trak
Nelly Kamel Salib
Economics
HDtem Ishak Husselni
Hatem Okasha El Daly
Issam Anwar Sioufi
Kama I Fahmy I skanda r
Khalil Issa Othman
*With honors
~~kWith high honors
Kleanthis Arvanitakis
Laila Ahmad Enan
Mohammad Tarek El Ehwany
Mounir Emile Tawfik Doss
Youssef Anis Abou Hamad
(in absentia
Financial characteristics and satisfaction of physicians practicing in Lebanon: A survey study
No full textOBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the financial characteristics and level of satisfaction of physicians practicing in Lebanon. METHODS: We conducted an anonymous, interviewer-administered phone survey of physicians practicing medicine in Lebanon. We conducted both descriptive and regression analyses. RESULTS: Of 778 invited physicians, 546 participated in the survey (70percent response rate). Their mean age was 47.4 and they were predominantly male (85.9percent) and married (87.0percent). Reported monthly income varied widely with 47.2percent earning less than US 2,000 and 6,000. Only 14.2percent, 4.1percent, and 3.1percent respectively reported having life insurance, disability insurance and a retirement plan. A quarter of participants reported being either somewhat unsatisfied (17.6percent) or very unsatisfied (8.1percent) with their medical career. A lower degree of satisfaction in professional career was independently associated with female physicians, graduation from a Western European medical school and a lower monthly income. As for the perception of own career's future, 36.7percent thought there was no possibility of improvement. CONCLUSION: About half of physicians practicing in Lebanon report earning less than US$ 2,000 per month and about a quarter are not satisfied with their professional career
Deliberate and accidental gas-phase alkali doping of chalcogenide semiconductors: Cu(In,Ga)Se2
No full textAlkali metal doping is essential to achieve highly efficient energy conversion in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells. Doping is normally achieved through solid state reactions, but recent observations of gas-phase alkali transport in the kesterite sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4) system (re)open the way to a novel gas-phase doping strategy. However, the current understanding of gas-phase alkali transport is very limited. This work (i) shows that CIGSe device efficiency can be improved from 2% to 8% by gas-phase sodium incorporation alone, (ii) identifies the most likely routes for gas-phase alkali transport based on mass spectrometric studies, (iii) provides thermochemical computations to rationalize the observations and (iv) critically discusses the subject literature with the aim to better understand the chemical basis of the phenomenon. These results suggest that accidental alkali metal doping occurs all the time, that a controlled vapor pressure of alkali metal could be applied during growth to dope the semiconductor, and that it may have to be accounted for during the currently used solid state doping routes. It is concluded that alkali gas-phase transport occurs through a plurality of routes and cannot be attributed to one single source
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