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The prevalence of persistent albuminuria and its associated risk factors in hypertensive patients of Karachi Pakistan.
No full textKidney failure is a worldwide public health problem, with increasing incidence and prevalence, high costs and poor outcome. Detection and treatment of Chronic kidney disease (CKD), before the stage of kidney failure, is therefore of paramount importance especially in the context of developing countries. Albuminuria is one of\u27 the earliest markers of kidney damage and screening for albuminuria is recommended in patients at increased risk for CKD, including those with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and a family history of CKD. Accurate estimation of albuminuria requires timed collection of urine over 24 hour, which is cumbersome in routine clinical practice. An alternative method is detection of albuminuria in spot urine sample, either by albumin concentration alone or albumin-to creatinine ratio, which are relatively easy to obtain in the ambulatory setting. In general, ACR has been shown to have slightly better diagnostic accuracy than UAC alone for detection of albuminuria in many populations. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of persistent albuminuria, defined as urine albumin concentration of 20mg/L and urine sex-specific albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 20 and 3Omg/gm for males and females respectively persisting for more than 3 months in hypertensive population and to study its associated risk factors. A cohort of hypertensive subjects from community who had been screened once for the presence of microalbuminuria, were studied. Those with microalbuminuria and a proportion of normoalbuminoric subjects were retested after a minimal interval of three months. The evaluation included administration of a questionnaire for potential risk factors, measurement of blood pressure, anthropometry (height, weight), and laboratory tests including serum and urinary creatinine, complete urine analysis in addition to microalbumin detection by Nephelometry. All assessments were performed to a standard protocol that confirmed to the international standards for definitions and measurements. Data was analyzed using appropriate descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis methods. From 1340 hypertensives who were screened initially, 240 (17.9%) had tested positive for microalbuminuria. 72% of 240 microalbuminuric could be reevaluated in the present study. From 1100, one hundred one normoalbuminoric were reevaluated to test the diagnostic accuracy of UAC & ACR. The overall response rate was 83.6% however; respondents and nonrespondents populations were comparable. The prevalence of persistent abnormal albuminuria calculated by urine albumin concentration and albumin-to-creatinine ratio was 9.3% and 8.1%respectively. The mean age of subjects with persistent albuminuria was significantly higher compared to hypertensive normoalbuminuric, 56.4 years versus 53.3 years. There was higher proportion of male subjects in the group with persistent albuminuria than normal albuminuric group (48% vs 34.7%) and the difference reached statistical significance (p=0.003). Positive family history of kidney disease was significantly higher in subjects with persistent albuminuric group (24%), than in control group (5.5%),(P=\u3c 0.001). Subjects in the persistent albuminuric group had higher mean Cholesterol level compared to normal group and this reached statistical significance. On regression analysis age, male sex, and positive family history of kidney disease emerged as significant demographic risk factors for persistent albuminuria. Of the measurable variable, progressively higher levels of systolic BP, and serum cholesterol were associated with risk of persistent albuminuria. A significant interaction was found between family history of kidney disease and age (p = 0.058), and which can be translated as with the positive family history of kidney disease the risk for the development of persistent albuminuria considerably increases in the young age [AOR= 15.5 with 95% CI: 7.35, 39.9]. In conclusion, although our findings show that both UAC and ACR are good screening tests, the proportion of estimates of UAC within 15, 30 and 50 % of ACR remains suboptimal. (i.e.23.3%, 34.3% and 48% respectively).This suggests that these tests have good accuracies to detect the presence and absence of albuminuria, but UAC may be limited in its ability to quantify the magnitude of albuminuria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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