8 research outputs found
Point . . . Counterpoint piece by John Buell and Earl Brechlin debating whethe
No full textPoint . . . Counterpoint piece by John Buell and Earl Brechlin debating whether Maine\u27s prisoners should be denied the right to vote. Buell, of Southwest Harbor, is a political economist and a columnist for the Bangor Daily News. Brechlin, of Bar Harbor, is editor of the Bar Harbor Times, an author and a Registered Maine Guide
Modeling the sound source of an intake and predicting the intake sound pressure level for a motorcycle
No full textCopyright © 2003 SAE International and Copyright © 2003 Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. In order to accurately estimate the intake sound pressure level, it is important to improve the accuracy of the air cleaner simulation model and precisely estimate the sound source of the intake. It has been confirmed that the modeling accuracy of an air cleaner can be improved by considering the vibro-acoustic coupling. Meanwhile, the sound source of the intake depends not only on the engine specifications, but on the intake system and even the exhaust system design. In this reported example, since it is difficult to estimate the sound source of the intake only by calculation, due to the aforementioned reasons, actual measurements were carried out to define the sound source. The method is such that the sound source is modeled by acoustic impedance and volume velocity in the engine, and the acoustic impedance is measured using an impedance tube. Then, the sound pressure at the intake opening is measured. Then, the volume velocity is calculated backwards using the results of measurement and the intake system unit model. This method allows defining the sound source by experiments. In addition to that, estimation of sound pressure level at the intake opening has become possible by using measured acoustic impedance and volume velocity, which are determined by experiments, as the boundary conditions of the air cleaner model.status: Publishe
Australian Sphingidae – DNA Barcodes Challenge Current Species Boundaries and Distributions
No full text© 2014 Rougerie et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Cyana arorai Volynkin, N. Singh, Kirti & Datta 2020, nom. nov.
No full textCyana arorai Volynkin, N. Singh, Kirti & Datta, nom. nov. (Figs 15–19, 168, 169, 241, 242) = Chionaema tripunctata Rothschild, 1936, The Annals and magazine of natural history (10) 17: 487 (Type locality: “ Aberdeen, Andaman Islands”), nec. Reich, 1935. Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Fig. 17): ♀, handwritten label “ Aberdeen, Andamans” / hand- written label “ Chionaema tripunctata Type Rothsch.” / handwritten label “Nr. bianca, but has 3 spots” / printed label “Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939–1” / printed round label with a red circle “Type” / printed label with a unique identifier “NHMUK010402088” (Coll. NHMUK). Other material examined. THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS: 1 ♀, Andaman Isles ♀ / Moore Coll. 94–106, slide NHMUK010314603 Volynkin (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, India, M. Andaman, Karmatang, 1.5 km E, 12,5072°N, 92,5610°E, 17–22.VIII.2001, leg. Jan-Peter Rudloff, coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, slides MWM 33907 (♂), MWM 33908 (♀), MWM 35680 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, 4 ♀, India, S. Andaman, Port Blair—Mt. Harriet, 11,4321°N, 92,4403°E, 23–24.VIII.2001, leg. Jan-Peter Rudloff, coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, slides MWM 34601 (♂), MWM 34602 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, India, Andaman Islands, South Anda- man—Bambooflat (Rainfor.), 11°42’82”N, 092°42’02”E, 27–28.XI.2000, leg. J.P. Rudloff, slide MWM 35681 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India, Andaman Isl., South Andaman, Wandoor, Port Blair, 1–2.III.1998, leg. A. Kamenev & V. Siniaev, ex coll. Dr. A. Schintlmeister, slide MWM 34564 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, South Andaman, Chidiyatapu, 29.XII.17, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI). Etymology. The replacement name is dedicated to G.S. Arora, author of the basic publication on the fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Remark. The taxon tripunctata Reich, 1935 was described under the genus Lyclene. Here we transfer it to the genus Cyana and synonymize with C. detrita (see above). Thus, at present there are two Cyana taxa with the name tripunctata, so tripunctata Rothschild, 1936 becomes a junior secondary homonym of tripunctata Reich, 1935. Hence, we introduce the replacement name arorai nom. nov. for tripunctata Rothschild, 1936. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 12.5–15 mm in males and 17–18 mm in females. Cyana arorai is a polymorphic species, significantly variable in size. Cyana arorai is similar externally to C. carmina (Figs 13, 14), but differs by its arcuate antemedial line (that is oblique in C. carmina) and larger black discal spots. In females of C. arorai a third, posterior black spot may be developed (Figs 16, 17), what is unusual for the C. insularis group. The female genitalia of C. arorai are very similar to those of C. carmina (Figs 239, 240), but differ by the more heavily sclerotized cervix bursae having narrower longitudinal folds, and the lateral band-like signum being more weakly sclerotized subanteriorly with its anterior end strongly broadened. Distribution. Endemic of the Andaman Islands. The records of C. bianca (male) and C. coccinea (female) for the Andaman Islands (Hampson 1900; Draudt 1914; Arora 1983) belong to C. arorai.Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/367243
Barsine bigamica Cerny & Pinratana 2009, stat. nov.
No full textBarsine bigamica Černý & Pinratana, 2009, stat. nov. (Figs 1–12, 21–26, 33–35) Barsine orientalis bigamica Černý & Pinratana, 2009: 64, Figs 130a, 130b, 130c (Type locality: N. Thailand, Phetchabun Province, Khao Kau District, Ban Nang Mae Na); Bayarsaikhan et al. 2018: 379; Figures 1 E–H, 3C, 4F. Barsine kampoli Černý in Černý & Pinratana, 2009: 62, Fig. 127 (Type locality: Northern Thailand, Province Chiang Mai, 1600m, between Fang and Nor Lae, 99°06′E, 20°02′N), syn. nov. Type material examined. Holotype of Barsine orientalis bigamica: male, printed white label “N. Thailand, Phetchabun Province, Khao Kau District, Ban Nang Mae Na, 27.-28.II.2005, 1300m, leg. K. Černý”/ printed red label “ HOLOTYPE, Barsine orientalis spp. bigamica Karel ČERNÝ 2008 ”/ printed white label “NHMUK010604485” (Coll. NHMUK); Paratypes of Barsine orientalis bigamica: 192 specimens from Phetchabun, Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son and Nan Provinces listed by Černý & Pinratana (2009). Holotype of Barsine kampoli: male, printed white label “Northern Thailand, Province Chiang Mai, 1600m, between Fang and Nor Lae, 99°06′E, 20°02′N, 28.10.2002, leg. B. Herczig et G. Rankay”/ printed red label “ HOLOTYPE, Barsine kampoli sp.n. Karel ČERNÝ 2009 ”/ printed white label “NHMUK010605727” (Coll. NHMUK). Paratypes of Barsine kampoli: 1 male, C. Thailand, Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai NP, Khao Kieo, 23–27.XI.2005, 14°24’20″N 101°22’ 14″E, 752m, coll. K. Černý (Coll. CKC); 1 male, Thailand, Khao Yai, 7. IX. 1984 / NHMUK010604486 (Coll. NHMUK). Other materials examined. MYANMAR. 1 male, [Myanmar] Burma merid., Tenasserim, Dawna Mts, 98°08’E, 16°52’N, Lf 1996, lg. Steinke & Lehmann, slide MWM 37150 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); CHINA. 11 males, China, Yunnan Prov. (NW), Nujiang Lisu and Dulong auton. pref., Fugong County, Lishadi (= Walo), 42 km N of Fugong, 1390m, 12–16.V.1999, 27°15’N 98°55’E, leg./ex coll. Dr. R. Brechlin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 5 males, the same locality and collector, but 15–27.X.1999, slide ZSM Arct. 2017/2017, MWM 33941 (males) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 6 males, 7 females, China, Prov. W Yunnan, Mou Ding county, 1300 m, 16.III.–10.IV.2000, 25’19”N, 101’32”E, lg. local collectors, coll. Dr. Brechlin, slides ZSM Arct. 2020-086 (male), 2020-087 (female) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 9 males, 6 females, China, Prov. W Yunnan, Xishuangbanna Dai auton. pref., Puwen, 30 km SSW Simao, 900 m, 22’30”N, 100’02”E, 16.III.–10.IV.2000, leg. Brechlin’s local collectors, slide MWM 37151 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 11 males, 6 females, the same locality and collectors, but 10–30.IV.2000 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 4 males, China, Yunnan Prov., Mangxi Ba Mts, Simao Distr., 18 km S of Simao city, 16.III.–10.IV.2000, 22°28’N 101°01’E, 1280m, coll. Dr. R. Brechlin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, China, Yunnan Prov., Dali City, Yangbi County, 29. VI. 2018, leg. Xin-jie Zhao (Coll. SCAU); 1 male, 2 females, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Mengla County, 15. V. 2018, leg. Zhou Chang & Zhi-wei Dong (Coll. SCAU); 1 male, 3 females, China, Yunnan Prov., Pu'er City, 10. V. 2018, leg. Zhou Chang & Zhi-wei Dong (Coll. SCAU); THAILAND. 6 males, 2 females, Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai, Mt. Doi Inthanon, NP, 2300 m, 17.X.2000, leg. local collector (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai, 1 km E of Kop Dong, 1650m, 13.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai, 3 km S of Kop Dong, 1550m, 1.IV.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai, 12 km NW Chiang Dao, 750m, 12.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 6 males, 4 females, Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai, 20 km NW of Mae Ai, 1650m, 21.IX.1999, leg. A. Szabó & Z. Czere (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, 6 females, Thailand, Chiang Mai Changwat, 6 km SE of Pang Faen, 1100m, 16.IX.1999, leg. A. Szabo & Zita (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 2 males, Thailand, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 8–21.IX.1989, Lf, leg. Cadiou (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 5 males, Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., Doi Inthanon National Park, km 31 road (N of) Chom Thong summit, Park Headquarters / guest houses, 1360m, sec. growth / pines, 12–22.XI.1998, leg. / ex coll. Dr. Ronald Brechlin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 3 females, Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai, Mt. Doi Inthanon, NP, 2300m, 17.X.2000, leg. local collector (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, Thailand, Mt. Doi Phahompok, 14 km NW of Fang, 1700m, 16.X.2000, leg. local collector (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 16 males, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 25 km N of Bo Luang, 1150 m, 11.XI.1999, leg. Márton Hreblay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, 1 female, the same locality, but 28.II.1998, leg. Márton Hreblay & Csaba Szabóky (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, the same locality and collectors, but 17.II.1998 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, the same locality and collectors, but 19.II.1998 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, 1 female, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 5 km N of Bo Luang, 1000 m, 12.XI.1999, leg. Márton Hreblay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 9 males, 1 female, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 22 km N of Bo Luang, 1100m, 30.III.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 19 males, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 25 km N of Bo Luang, 1150 m, 29.III.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 30 males, 3 females, the same locality, but 11.XI.1999, leg. Márton Hreblay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 6 males, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 15 km N of Bo Luang, 1000m, 7.IV.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 13 males, 7 females, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 7 km W of Ban Bo Yuak, 1000m, 25.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus, slide MWM 33942 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 4 km W of Pha Lak, 820m, 28.III.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 2 males, Thailand, Changwat Nan, 30 km E of Pua, 1700m, 24.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); LAOS. 1 male, 1 female, SW Laos, Phu Soai Dao, 101°09’E 18°30’N, 6–8.VIII.1996, leg. Steinke & Lehmann (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 3 females, the same locality and collectors, but VI.1996 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); VIETNAM. 1 male, North Vietnam, Tam Dao (secondary forest), 60 km NW Hanoi, 950m, 21°34N 105°20E, IV.1995, leg. V. Sinyaev, slide ZSM Arct. 2019-648 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, the same locality and collector, 17.X.1994, slide ZSM Arct. 2019-649 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 2 males, N Vietnam, 16[00]– 1800m, Mt. Fan-si-an (West), Cha-pa, secondary forest, 22°20’N 103°40’E (cult.), IV.1995, leg. Sinyaev & local collectors, slide MWM 33914, 33970 (males) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, N Vietnam, 1600m, Mt. Fan-si-pan (north), Cha-pa, primary forest, 22°17’N 103°44’E, 20–30.IV.1995, leg. Sinyaev & local collectors, slide MWM 37152 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, N Vietnam, 1400m, Mai-chau, primary forest, 40km SE Moc-chau, 20°50’N 104°50’E, 07–15.IV.1995, leg. Sinyaev & local collector, slide MWM 37153 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, N Vietnam, 1200m, Tuan-Giao (road Lai-chau to Hanoi) (21°35’N 103°25’E), 5–10.XI.1994, leg. Sinyaev, slide MWM 37154 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); 5 males, 3 females, IX.2013, Central Vietnam, South Central Coast, Da Nang Province, Annamite Mts, Ba Na Mt., leg. local collector, slides AV2280 (male) and AV2282 (female) Volynkin (Coll. CAV); 1 male, IX.2013, Central Vietnam, South Central Coast, Qu ảng Ngãi Province, Ba Tõ District, Ba Tõ Mt., 900 m, leg. local collector, slide AV2281 Volynkin (Coll. CAV); 35 males, S Vietnam, Plateau Tay Nguyen, Mt. Ngoc Linh, 900–1400m, 15°02’N, 107°59’E, 10–25.VIII.1996, leg. Sinyaev & Afonin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM); CAMBODIA. 1 male, 1 female, Cambodia, Kampot Prov., Bokor N.P., Hill Station, 1025 m, 10°37’37N 104°01’33E, 19–21.I.2006, leg. G. Csorba & G. Ronkay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM). Remarks. 1) Like some other Barsine species (e. g., B. defecta Walker, B. gratissima de Joannis, B. cacharensis N. Singh & Kirti, B. obsoleta Reich), B. bigamica has two color forms: the common red form having reddish forewing pattern elements together with black ones, and the yellow form having yellowish forewing pattern elements instead of reddish ones. The latter is usually very rare in most species of the genus, yet in B. bigamica the yellow form is common or even dominant among females in some populations, but it is extremely rare among males (we found no such males among specimens available, but the yellow male specimen was illustrated by Bayarsaikhan et al. (2018)). 2) Barsine kampoli was described based on the holotype male from Chiang Mai Province and two paratype males from Nakhon Nayok Province of Thailand in the same book as B orientalis bigamica. Externally, B. kampoli is clearly different from the both red and yellow forms of B. bigamica and has a pale yellowish ground color with a pinkish suffusion and a forewing pattern consisting of contrasting blackish inline patches and lengthwise strokes without red or yellow markings. However, after examination of one of the paratypes (Figs 8, 22) and the male specimen externally almost identical to the holotype (Fig. 7) we found that this taxon has the male genitalia structure identical to that of B. bigamica (Figs 21, 23–25). Moreover, several specimens of B. bigamica collected from China and Thailand display degrees of reduction of reddish forewing markings, and these specimens together form a cline showing how the B. bigamica phenotype gradually turns into the B. kampoli phenotype (Figs. 3–5, 7). All the evidences shown above have come to the same conclusion that the taxon B. kampoli is undoubtedly conspecific to B. bigamica and represents an aberration with reduced reddish and elongated and diffuse black forewing markings. According to Article 24.2 “Determination by the First Reviser” of ICZN (1999), when the precedence between names or nomenclatural acts cannot be objectively determined, the precedence is fixed by the action of the first author citing in a published work those names or acts and selecting from them and this author is termed the "First Reviser" (Article 24.2.1), and if two or more names, different or identical, and based on the same or different types, or two or more nomenclatural acts, are published on the same date in the same or different works, the precedence of the names or acts is fixed by the First Reviser unless Article 24.1 applies (Article 24.2.2), though the name B. bigamica was published on page 64 in the work of Černý & Pinratana (2009) and slightly after the name B. kampoli on page 62 of the same work, we here play the role of the First Reviser and purpose to give the precedence to the name B. bigamica as it represents the typical and normal form of this variable species, while B. kampoli represents a rarer and abnormal form. Hence we sink Barsine kampoli as the junior synonym of B. bigamica (syn. nov.). 3) It should be also noted that there are two specimens identified as B. kampoli bearing the holotype red label in the collection of NHMUK. The collecting data of one of them (Fig. 6) fully corresponds to that of the holotype cited in the original description (Černý & Pinratana 2009), and this specimen undoubtedly is the true holotype of B. bigamica. At the same time, another specimen (Fig. 8) has the collecting data “Khao Yai, 7 Sept. 1984 ” identical to that of one of paratypes listed by Černý & Pinratana (2009). According to Article 73.1.1 of ICZN (1999), if an author, when establishing a new nominal species-group taxon, states in the original publication that one specimen, and only one, is the holotype, or “the type”, or uses some equivalent expression, that specimen is the holotype fixed by original designation, therefore the holotype status of the specimen collected in 1984 from Khao Yai is invalid and it obviously represents the paratype, only wrongly labeled as holotype. Diagnosis. Externally adults of the typical red form of B. bigamica stat. nov. are very similar to both seasonal forms of B. orientalis (Figs 17–20, 29–32, 37, 38), and can only be distinguished from the latter by the slightly more contrasting color pattern on forewing upperside as noted by Černý & Pinratana (2009). The male genital capsule of B. bigamica differs from that of B. orientalis by the two lobes of distal saccular process situated far away from each other, with the dorsal one situated more basally and being much shorter than the distal one (whereas in B. orientalis the two lobes of distal saccular process are situated very close to each other, nearly equal in length and together form a Y-shaped process), and the basal section of the costa being normal (that of B. orientalis is conspicuously swollen and densely covered with numerous short spinules) The aedeagus vesica of B. bigamica differs from that of B. orientalis by the 2 nd medial diverticulum being directed distally, relatively short, broad and mostly membranous with only a series of short but robust cornuti at the middle, whereas in B. orientalis the 2 nd medial diverticulum is directed upwards, elongated, relatively narrow, covered thoroughly with small cornuti of various sizes especially in its basal section. In addition, the 3 rd medial diverticulum of B. bigamica is conspicuously narrower basally than that of B. orientalis, covered with smaller cornuti and directed distally (whereas in B. orientalis that is curved outwards). The female genitalia of B. bigamica can be easily distinguished from those of B. orientalis by the slightly shorter and broader ductus bursae with shorter and narrower subostial folds, smaller corpus bursae with conspicuously smaller signum bursae, and smaller appendix bursae. In addition, in B. bigamica the posterior sclerotized area of the corpus bursae is more heavily sclerotized but less rugose than that of B. orientalis, and its surrounding dentate area is weaker. Distribution. Barsine bigamica is widespread in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia (Bae et al. 2016; Bayarsaikhan et al. 2018), Thailand (Černý & Pinratana 2009), and Yunnan Province in Southwest China. The records from Nepal and India (north of West Bengal (Darjeeling), Assam and Sikkim) by Černý & Pinratana (2009) and Kirti & Singh (2016) all belong to B. kirata Volynkin & N. Singh, 2020. Barsine orientalis is distributed in East, Southeast and South continental China, the island of Hainan and North Vietnam.Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Volynkin, Anton V., Wang, Min & Fan, Xiao-Ling, 2020, Taxonomic problems surrounding Barsine orientalis bigamica Černý & Pinratana 2009 with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae Lithosiini), pp. 549-560 in Zootaxa 4894 (4) on pages 550-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4894.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/431674
Alompra ferruginea Moore 1872
No full textAlompra ferruginea Moore, 1872 (Figs 1–4; 14–20) Alompra ferruginea Moore, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1872: 580, pl. 33, fig. 8; Cotes & Swinhoe, 1887: 197; Hampson, 1892: 418, fig. 289 ♀ (not ♂); Kirby, 1892: 830; Swinhoe, 1892: 266; Dudgeon, 1901: 409; Zolotuhin & Pinratana, 2005: 144, pl. 19, figs 11, 12; Kishida & Wang, 2011: 141, pl. 28: 7; Hauenstein et al., 2011: 33. Taragama indicus Conte, 1909, Rapports du Laboratoire d’Études de la Soie 6: 24, pl. 6, fig 1. Alampra [sic!] ferruginea: Hampson, 1910: 111. Specimens examined. Type material: Lectotype. ♀ (not ♂ in the original description), [INDIA], Darjiling [= Darjeeling], ex Moore Coll. 94–106, designated herein (BMNH); holotype of Taragama indicus Conte, 1909, ♂, INDIA. 1♂, Assam, Cherrapunji, VI–1893, Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939.1 (BMNH). Additional material examined: NEPAL, 1♂, Kathmandu, Godavari, 1600 m, 19–VI–1990, collector unknown, ex Yosunori Kishida Collection (NSMT); 1♂, Annapurna Himal, Geirigan village, 1340 m, 83’45’’E, 28’20’’N, 26–VII–1995, leg. Laszlo & Ronkay (MWM); MYANMAR. 1♀, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon vill., 550 m, 1–5–V–1996, leg. Murzin & Siniaev (MWM); N. VIETNAM. 1♂, Lao Cai, Sa Pa, 1600 m, 23–30–X–2001, leg. U. Jinbo (NSMT); THAILAND. 1♀, Changwat Nan, 5 km N Bo Luang, 1000 m, 12–XI–1999, leg. M. Hreblay (MWM); 1♂, Changwat Chiang Mai, 4 km W Pa Pae, 1050 m, 28–XI–1998, leg. T. Csovari & L. Mikus (MWM); 1♂, Changwat Chiang Mai, 7 km W Pa Pae, 1230 m, 21–XI–1998, leg. T. Csovari & L. Mikus (MWM); 1♂, Changwat Chiang Mai, 6 km SE Pang Faen, 1100 m, 29–XI–1998, leg. T. Csovari & L. Mikus (MWM); CHINA. 1♂, ‘paratype’ of Alompra incensa (manuscript name), Guangdong, Drachenkopf, leg. R. Mell (ZMHB); 2♂, Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve, 1000m, 19–23–IX–2014, leg. M. Wang et al. (SCAU, NSMT); 2♂, Prov. W-Yunnan, Xishaungbanna Dai auton. pref., Puwen, 30 km SSW Simao, 900 m, 22’30’’N, 100’02’’E, 10–30–IV–2000, leg. Brechlin ‘s loc. collector (MWM); 1♂, Prov. W-Yunnan, Lincang distr., 10 km W Yunxian, Daxing, 120 km S Dali, 1200 m, 24’30’’N, 100’01’’E, 16–III–10–IV–2000, leg. Brechlin ‘s loc. collector (MWM); 1♂, Jiangxi, Wuyi Shan, Xipaihe village, 1500 m, 27°54’N, 117°20’E, VIII–2004, leg. Siniaev & his team (MWM); 1♂, Shaanxi, Taibaishan Mt., Tsinling Mts, 1900 m, 33°55’N, 107°44’E, VI–2004, leg. Siniaev & his team (MWM); 1♂, Sichuan, Qingcheng Mts, 60 km W Chengdu, 1200 m, 15–25–VII–2004, leg. S. Murzin (MWM). Taxonomic notes. Moore (1872) described Alompra ferruginea based on “male (wingspan 2 ½ inches)” and “female (wingspan 3 ½ inches)” from Darjeeling after at least three specimens deposited “in coll. of F. Moore, W. W. Saunders and Captain Lang”. He also provided a fine drawing on a plate without pointing the sex. Hampson (1887) illustrated the “male” specimen that is similar to Moore’s plate based on the judgment of same wing shape and venation. Tams (1953) was the first who mentioned that this Hampson’s drawing should represent a female and synonymized Taragama indicus Conte, 1909 (the holotype male in BMNH) with A. ferruginea based on the proposal of pair matching for this sexually dimorphic species. The recent specimen examination in BMNH by the first author confirmed that the Moore’s “male” type specimen is actually a female (Figs 1, 10), and this specimen is designated as a lectotype herein. The Moore’s larger and more robust “female” specimen is actually a female of a related species A. roepkei Tams, 1953 (Figs 9, 13) deposited in OM. Tams (1953) additionally described the populations of Borneo and Mindanao as two subspecies of A. ferruginea, i.e. bidiensis and cerastes, respectively, based on the different shapes of 8th abdominal sternite from the nominate subspecies in the Oriental mainland. Besides, he did not mention and illustrate the male genitalia of this two insular subspecies. Zolotuhin and Pinratana (2005) firstly assumed that the Mindanao population (cerastes) could be a separated species. Herein we confirmed the specimens in the Oriental mainland are consistent in male genitalia and 8th abdominal sternite, however, the specimens from Mindanao (cerastes), Borneo and Sumatra (bidiensis) and Taiwan are distinctly different, respectively, in both structures (see ‘Diagnosis’ for details) and are regarded as separated species (stat. nov.) for the former two and as a new species for the latter, i.e. A. yibinfani sp. nov. A male specimen designated as a type of Allompra incensa Mell (Fig. 4) was found in ZMHB. It is a rather finely preserved moth from Guangdong (S. China). No original description was found in spite of special search, therefore it is seemly only a manuscript unpublished name. Diagnosis. Externally no remarkable differences between males of A. ferruginea, A. cerastes, A. bidiensis, and A. yibinfani sp. nov. (Figs 1–8), except that cerastes is larger in size (forewing length ca. 21 mm rather than 15–17 mm in other species) and with forewing apex more protruded and pointed. The external appearance of this species group is given in the description part of A. yibinfan i. The 8th abdominal sternite of A. ferruginea male (Figs 15, 17, 19) and yibinfani (Fig. 21) is tapering anterior part and concave posterior part, while the anterior part is slightly blunt and the posterior part is smoothly incised in A. bidiensis (Fig. 23) and A. cerastes (Fig. 25). In addition, a pair of protrusions is located at the postero-lateral sides in A. bidiensis and close to the posterior margin in A. cerastes. In male genitalia, the valve of A. ferruginea (Figs 14, 16, 18) is consistent in different populations and can be distinguished from other species by the deeply bifurcate with dorsal one long with apex blunt and ventral one serrated at dentate margin with apex acute rather than ventral one without dentate ventral margin in A. yibinfani (Fig. 20), the slight bifurcate with dorsal one very short, blunt at apex and ventral one long, dentate towards apex in A. bidiensis (Fig. 22), the unseparated, compact valva with blunt, rounded apex in A. cerastes (Fig. 24). In vinculum of A. ferruginea and yibinfani, they are dilated at lateral parts and U-shaped at terminal part rather than longer, parallel at lateral parts in A. bidiensis and shorter, forming V-shaped at the terminal part in A. cerastes. The aedeagus of A. ferruginea is well-divided bifurcate with both two terminal parts long rather than dorsal one short and ventral one long in A. yibinfani, the presence of single spine terminally both in A. bidiensis and A. cerastes. Description. The adult morphology has been described in the previous studies in details, e.g. Holloway (1987) and Zolotuhin and Pinratana (2005). Bionomics. This species is distributed in rather primary broad-leaves forests. The adults occur in May, June and from September to November. The observation of a fresh female emerged from the cocoon on a leave of Garcinia forbesii (Clusiaceae) in Singapore has been summarized by Leong (2010). Distribution. India, Nepal, southern and central China, N. Vietnam, N. Thailand, Myanmar.Published as part of Wu, Shipher, Lee, Hsueh & Zolotuhin, Vadim V., 2017, Review of the Alompra ferruginea Moore, 1872 complex with description of a new species from Taiwan (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae), pp. 149-156 in Zootaxa 4247 (2) on pages 149-153, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/43823
Gamelia bennetti Cock and Rougerie 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Gamelia bennetti</i> Cock and Rougerie sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B890CE4B-A62A-4730-8BEC-6A823791DA08</p> <p>Barcode Index Number (BIN): BOLD:ADW6987; Figs. 1–3, 6.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> <b>Holotype</b> ♂: <b>TRINIDAD</b>: TRINIDAD, W.I., Brigand Hill lighthouse, at MV security lights by 22.00h, 17.i.2004, M.J.W. Cock [leg.]/ DNA sampleID MJWC-248, M.J.W. Cock 2018 / Holotype, <i>Gamelia bennetti</i> Cock & Rougerie (to be deposited in NHMUK, ex MJWC).</p> <p> <b>Paratype, 13. TRINIDAD</b>: TRINIDAD, W.I., Brigand Hill lighthouse, attracted to lights the previous night, 24.iii.2003, M.J.W. Cock [leg.]/ DNA sampleID MJWC-249, M.J.W. Cock 2018 / M.J.W. Cock genitalia 1015 / Paratype, <i>Gamelia bennetti</i> Cock & Rougerie. (to be deposited in NHMUK, ex MJWC).</p> <p>Both types will be deposited in NHMUK once it is open following the closure for the covid-19 pandemic.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> There are several similar <i>Gamelia</i> species from the Amazon-Guiana-Venezuela area with which this species can be confused, including <i>G. abas</i>, <i>G. rubriluna</i> (Walker, 1862), <i>G. lichyi</i> Lemaire, 1973 and <i>G. berliozi</i> Lemaire, 1967. Given the variability noted between the holotype, paratype and female photo of <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, it is not really possible to point to reliable diagnostic characters of wing markings. The male genitalia are very similar to species in the <i>Gamelia abas</i> group (Lemaire 2002), particularly <i>G. rubriluna</i> and <i>G. lichyi</i>, and to a lesser extent <i>G. septentrionalis</i> (Bouvier, 1936) and <i>G. berliozi</i> (Lemaire 2002, Brechlin & Meister 2012), so we consider <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> to be an additional species of the <i>Gamelia abas</i> group. The genital structure (Fig. 3 A, D) is more elongate than that of <i>G. rubriluna</i>, but less so than in the other three species. The saccus (Fig. 3 D–F) is longer than that of <i>G. rubriluna</i>, but shorter than that of <i>G. lichyi</i>. The long slender lobes of the succus (‘lobes of the vinculum’ in Lemaire (2002)) curl back over the saccus before arching back to emerge under the uncus; it is difficult to compare this curvature with the other species of the group as Lemaire only provides ventral views, and images in Brechlin & Meister (2012) are from microscope slides, whereas lateral or partial lateral views (Fig. 3 F–I) are needed to observe this character. The saccus lobes of <i>G. rubriluna</i> and <i>G. lichyi</i> joined in their basal half (see figures in Lemaire (2002) and Brechlin & Meister (2012)), but are completely separate throughout in <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> The aedeagus of <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> has a ventral spike (Fig. 3 N) as do <i>G. rubriluna</i> and <i>G. lichyi</i>, but not <i>G. septentrionalis</i> and <i>G. berliozi</i> (Lemaire 2002). The aedeagus caecum in <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is a quadrate flange with the distal margin concave (Fig. 3 L–N), whereas this flange is basally rounded in <i>G. lichyi</i>, <i>G. rubriluna</i> and <i>G. berliozi</i> and the distal margin is concave in <i>G. lichyi</i>, but straight or rounded in <i>G. rubriluna</i> and <i>G. berliozi</i> (Lemaire 2002; Brechlin & Meister 2012). The sternite of abdominal segment 8 (A8) (Fig. 3 J) resembles that of <i>G. rubriluna</i>. The tergite of abdominal segment 7 (A7) (Fig. 3 K) resembles that of <i>G. lichyi</i>, and does not have the bottleneck shape of <i>G. rubriluna</i>. At this time, <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is the only species of the genus <i>Gamelia</i> known from Trinidad, and is only known from the eastern part of the island of Trinidad and perhaps eastern Tobago (see Distribution paragraph). Hence location will give a good pointer as to its identity, although there is no reason to think <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> will not be found to occur more widely in Trinidad or on the mainland in north-eastern Venezuela and/or Guyana. It is therefore fortunate that both the male genitalia and the DNA barcodes can be reliably used to separate <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> from other <i>Gamelia</i> species.</p> <p> <b>Description. Male.</b> Wingspan of 48–55 mm, and forewing length of 28–30 mm. <b>Head</b>. Dorsal and ventral colour match adjacent forewing ground colour (Fig. 1). Antennae brown (matching dorsal forewing ground colour of paratype), quadri-pectinate, dorsal rami reaching two-thirds the width of ventral rami (Fig. 1 D); just over onefifth of forewing length. <b>Thorax.</b> Dorsally matching forewing ground colour; ventrally reddish brown in holotype, orange-brown in paratype. <b>Dorsal forewing</b> dark blackish brown in holotype (Fig. 2 left) and live photograph (Fig. 6), or brown in paratype (Fig. 2 right), in all cases darker in basal third which is well covered with dense hair-like setae, especially towards dorsum. An irregular antemedian line and a small dark brown discal spot apparent in paratype, but not in dark brown holotype (although discal spot obvious on ventral forewing). A postmedian line runs from near tornus on anal margin to apex, although hardly visible towards apex; narrow and dark brown with a distal pale margin and then a very narrow dark brown border; much more obvious in brown paratype. Broad marginal band very slightly paler. <b>Dorsal hindwing</b> predominantly grey brown in holotype, but with yellow-brown tone in paratype. A curved, double, postmedian line of dark grey (holotype) or grey (paratype), running from anal margin before tornus to apex; inner line fairly even in width, but outer line broadens considerably in lower half of wing approaching anal margin. Distal to this double line, holotype is uniformly grey-brown, whereas paratype is yellow-grey-brown. Basal to double line, ground colour is paler, with anal area darker and overlaid with hair-like cells. Eyespot displaced inward from postdiscal lines; red with small white centre and broad black border; size variable (compare Figs. 2 and 6). <b>Ventral forewing</b>. Holotype dark grey-brown, suffused with russet in basal half, and paler towards anal margin. Antemedian line absent and postmedian line only visible as a slight shadow. Discal spot small, round, and black at the distal end of cell. Paratype similarly marked but ground colour yellow-brown. <b>Ventral hindwing</b>. Ground colour as ventral forewing; eyespot faintly visible through the wing. A straight postmedian line runs from two-thirds on anal margin to external margin just below apex, nearly touching eyespot edge. <b>Abdomen</b>. Dorsally, colour matches marginal band of dorsal hindwing; distally and dorso-laterally it matches basal ground colour of dorsal hindwing; ventrally reddish brown at base, fading to brown distally in holotype; orange-brown basally and yellow brown distally in paratype. <b>Male terminalia</b> (paratype; Fig. 3). Central part of posterior margin of A7 tergite flattened; constricted to each side of this before dilating (Fig. 3 K). A8 sternite smoothly bilobed on posterior margin (Fig. 3 J). Genitalia symmetrical, except as indicated for aedeagus; 3.2 mm from anterior margin of saccus to posterior margin of uncus. Uncus (Fig. 3 u) very short (0.35 mm), rounded posteriorly. A long (4.8 mm), thin, pointed process arising from the base of the saccus (Fig. 3 sp) curves anteriorly, then dorsally and finally posteriorly to finish projecting beyond uncus; processes from each side fused in the basal portion but separate for most of their length. Saccus (Fig. 3 s) projects posteriorly, but not anteriorly. Valva bilobed; lower lobe (Fig. 3 ll) elongate, arching dorsally; upper lobe (Fig. 3 ul) rounded and partly sclerotised (Fig. 3 upm) with a strong, curved, sclerotised projection (Fig. 3 ulp). Aedeagus 2.96 mm long; straight, pointed on dorsal distal margin; vesica simple; caecum of aedeagus a lateral flange each side of base, basal margin (Fig. 3 bm) straight, lateral margin dilating distally to a point and then concave on distal margin (Fig. 3 dm); right distal lateral corner with two small teeth (Fig. 3 cc) (Fig. 3 L–N).</p> <p> <b>Provisional description of female.</b> No female specimens were available to us. However, Fig. 4 (left) shows a dorsal view of a living specimen that was not collected, but that is assumed to be the female of <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> as it differs from the male in similar ways to other species of the genus (Lemaire 2002), although it is not impossible that it represents a second otherwise unknown species from Trinidad. Dorsal <b>head and thorax</b> same colour as basal forewing. <b>Dorsal forewing</b>. Compared to holotype male, wing of female more falcate and paler. Antemedian line strongly marked with a pale inner border, most pronounced on costa. Postmedian line strongly marked, double, black and runs all the way to apex. Discal area pale pinkish brown; no discal spot, although there are 2–3 discal dots, and a diffuse pale patch on costa towards apex. Postmedian area grey brown, with distinct border on external margin, similar in colour to discal area. <b>Dorsal hindwing</b>. Similar to male holotype, but generally paler. Eye spot larger, and distally overlies innermost postmedian line; black border proportionally narrower, and white pupil has a black mark in it. Dorsal <b>abdomen</b> matches thorax at base, but remainder matches basal ground colour of dorsal hindwing.</p> <p> <b>DNA barcodes.</b> The barcodes of the two specimens are almost identical (p-distance of 0.16%); <i>G. lichyi</i>, from Venezuela, is the nearest neighbour to <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, with a minimum p-distance of 3.37% (Fig. 5). <i>Gamelia bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is segregated as BIN BOLD:ADW6987.</p> <p> <b>Variability.</b> Based on the limited observations from Trinidad (two specimens and two photographic records), the male seems to be rather variable with regard to the ground colour, or it occurs in two colour forms, the holotype (Fig. 2 left) being of a dark blackish brown form and the paratype (Fig. 2 right) a paler brown form. The dark blackish brown form is seen in the unvouchered images of living males (e.g. Fig. 6), and so the specimen of this form was chosen as the holotype. The image of putative females from Trinidad (e.g. Fig. 4 left) indicates a degree of sexual dimorphism in addition. More observations are needed to assess the variation in this species. Lemaire (2002) states that <i>G. lichyi</i> is more variable than <i>G. rubriluna</i> and notes that the lightest males have a bright yellow underside, so it seems likely that <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> will prove to be continuously variable.</p> <p> An additional photograph of a female from Tobago was located (Davis 2014, Fig. 4 right). This individual is dark blackish brown, there is a single distinct discal spot, the inner margin of the post median line is pale, and there is a distinct pale subapical patch on the costa. This is likely to be <i>G. bennetti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, suggesting that the female is also variable, but without a specimen from Tobago to examine, we do not make this assumption. Nevertheless, in almost all cases, the Lepidoptera of Tobago are a subset of the species found in Trinidad, and there are just a few examples of species found in Tobago but not yet in Trinidad, or where Trinidad and Tobago have different subspecies of the same species (Cock 2017a, 2017b).</p> <p> <b>Distribution (Fig. 7).</b> Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad: W.I., Brigand Hill lighthouse (type series), Bush Bush, Cunaripa, Inniss Field, Rampanalgas (unvouchered photographic records as listed below).</p> <p>TRINIDAD: Bush Bush: ♂ 18 October 2014 (K. Sookdeo photo) (Fig. 6), ♂ 18 October 2014 (R. Rutherford photo) [iNaturalist observation 38318126] (these two observations are of the same individual); East of Cunaripa, Bedes Buxoo Trace, by night: ♀ 30 May 2020 (R. Deo photo) [iNaturalist observation 48063102] (Fig. 4 left); Inniss Field, 10.17N 61.27W, by night: ♀ 24 December 2020 (R. Deo photo) [iNaturalist observation 67114868] (not shown); NE of Rampanalgas on Toco Main Road, at light ♂ 26 October 2019 (laurababoolal photo) [iNaturalist observation 34905707] (not shown). The single photographic record from Tobago (Davis 2014) probably represents this species, but this needs confirmation: TOBAGO: Near Speyside, + 11.301N, - 60.534W, at light: ♀ 29 November 2014 (P. Davis photo) (Fig. 4 right).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named with thanks and appreciation after Dr Fred D. Bennett (Frank 2019), who was director of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (now integrated within CABI) in Trinidad, during the five years that the first author was based there. Fred’s support, encouragement and help with the study the insects of Trinidad has contributed to the first author’s subsequent four decades long interest in the Lepidoptera of Trinidad and Tobago.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This is a rarely seen species in Trinidad, with two collection records and three photographic records, all from the less collected eastern side of the island. The months of capture or observation are January, March, May, October (2) and December in Trinidad, i.e. in both the dry season (January to early May) and the wet season (mid-May to December, often with a short break mid-September to mid-October).</p>Published as part of <i>Cock, Matthew J. W. & Rougerie, Rodolphe, 2021, Gamelia bennetti sp. nov., a new Saturniidae species from Trinidad and Tobago (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea), pp. 339-350 in Zootaxa 4942 (3)</i> on pages 343-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4604304">http://zenodo.org/record/4604304</a>
