197,333 research outputs found

    Wie man in Italien über die deutsche Sprache dachte - und wie man heute denkt

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    Breve rassegna, documentata da testimonianze letterarie, dell'immagine stereotipa, tendenzialmente negativa, dei tedeschi e della loro lingua sviluppatasi nella cultura italiana nel corso di una lunghissima storia di "occupazione". Da un'indagine campione effettuata tra studenti di germanistica mostra, oggi, un'immagine del tedesco e dei tedeschi diametralmente opposta

    The mechanism of methanol loss from the (M-H)(-) ions of cis- and trans-4-methoxycyclohexanol. The application of experiment and theory in concert

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    Deprotonation of cis- and trans-4-methoxycyclohexanol by HO– in the ion source of a mass spectrometer yields the (M – H)– alkoxide ions exclusively. Both of these ions, on collisional activation, form MeO–, MeO–(H2O) and eliminate MeOH. The loss of methanol forms the base peak of the spectrum, and the structure of this daughter anion is shown to be the alkoxide ion from cyclohex-3-enol for both isomers. Evidence (based on product ion, deuterium labelling and AM1 semiempirical computational studies) indicates that the loss of methanol from the trans isomer proceeds by an internal SN2 cyclisation of O– at the four position (through a 1,4-epoxycyclohexane species) followed by 3,4 elimination. A similar sequence may occur for the cis-isomer, but in this case the process is not as energetically favourable as that for the trans isomer.Suresh Dua, Mark A. Buntine, Mark J. Raftery, Peter C. H. Eichinger and John H. Bowi

    Review: Nutritional, safety, and environmental aspects of former foodstuff products in ruminant feeding

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    As a consequence of global population growth, rising incomes, urbanisation, and improved household economics, the demand for animal products is expected to increase. This has led to a heightened focus on the challenge of allocating natural resources between the production of human food and livestock feed. The livestock industry, particularly ruminant producers, is seeking cost-effective, human-inedible feed alternatives due to the rising costs of forage production and grains. Former foodstuff products (FFPs), derived from food industry leftovers (material remnants of food processing), represent a promising strategy for reducing feed–food competition, particularly through partial replacement of grains and concentrate feed in ruminant diets. FFPs are rich in simple sugars and fats; however, their excessive intake by ruminants may increase the risk of subacute rumen acidosis and modulate microbial protein synthesis and methane emissions. Furthermore, chemical substances present in FFPs (polyphenols and theobromine), packaging remnants, and microbiological contaminants may alter ruminal ecosystems and fermentation, methane emissions, milk quality, and animal health. This review summarises the nutritional composition of FFPs, with a focus on their potential to replace energy feeds, the risks and benefits of FFPs in ruminant nutrition, and legislation regarding the use of FFPs in livestock diets. It concludes by highlighting further research that could promote sustainable FFP practices

    Vierzig Jahre Begriffsgeschichte - The State of the Art

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    Steinmetz W. Vierzig Jahre Begriffsgeschichte - The State of the Art. In: Kämper H, Eichinger LM, eds. Sprache - Kognition - Kultur. Sprache zwischen mentaler Struktur und kultureller Prägung. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter; 2008: 174-197
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