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New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae)
No full textEichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne (2011): New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae). Zootaxa 2823: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27724
FIGURE 3 in New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae)
No full textFIGURE 3: Trilacuna merapi n. sp. Male: A. gonopore ventral view; B. gonopore ventral view, SEM; C–D. left palp, prolateral view; E. left palp, prolateral view, SEM; F. left embolus, prolateral view; G–H. left embolus, prolateral view, SEM; I–J right embolus, retrolateral view, SEM. Abbreviations: psp, posterior spiracles; emb, embolus; dh, dorsal hairs; vc, ventral conductor. Scale bars: A–D 300 Μm; E 100 Μm; F 50 Μm; G–H 20 Μm; I–J 10 Μm.Published as part of Eichenberger, Beata & Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2011, New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae), pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 2823 on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27724
Trilacuna Tong & Li 2007
No full textTrilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 Type species: Trilacuna rastrum Tong & Li, 2007, by original designation Diagnosis: Trilacuna can be distinguished from all other oonopid genera by the enlarged male palpal femur, the very complicated embolus-conductor complex, the branched endites in males and the notched labium. Description: Large and completely chitinized oonopid spiders. Carapace dorsally smooth, with rows of short hairs; carapace sides granulated. Eyes six, anterior lateral eyes separated from each other by at least their diameter; posterior median eyes almost touching and slightly separated from posterior lateral eyes, posterior eye row straight. Chelicerae with small cone-shaped tubercle on upper inner margin. Endites of male mesodistally branched; labium with deep notch at middle in both sexes; sternum with distinct radial furrows. Tibiae and metatarsi of leg I and II with spines. Opercula ovoid, not modified. Male palpal femur enlarged, other segments normal; cymbium outstretched, not fused with bulb. Bulb large, somewhat pear-shaped; embolus-conductor complex complicated. Female epigastric area without external copulatory structures.Published as part of Eichenberger, Beata & Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2011, New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae), pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 2823 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27724
Trilacuna bilingua Eichenberger, n. sp.
No full textTrilacuna bilingua Eichenberger n. sp. (Figs. 5–6) Type material: Holotype male (PBI_OON 00015933): West Malaysia: Pahang State: Cameron Highlands, Gunung Jasar, trail 11, 1550 m, tamisage, 24 March 1993, leg. I. Löbl & F. Calame, deposited in MHNG. Etymology: The species epithet is a noun in apposition, composed of the Latin words bi (two) and lingua (tongue), and refers to the two tongue-like lobes baso-ventrally on the male palpal conductor. Diagnosis: Trilacuna bilingua resembles T. merapi but can be easily distinguished by the two small conspicuous basal lobes (lo) ventrally on the palpal conductor (figs. 6. D–E) and by the lateral carapace margin with blunt denticles, and a second, strongly rebordered, undulated margin below (figs. 5. E–G). Description: Description based on 1 male. MALE (holotype): Body length 2.1 mm, proportion carapace length:abdominal length 1: 1. Uniformly dark red-brown species (figs. 5. A–C). Carapace ovoid, slightly elevated, surface smooth, with one tiny dorsal spike (sp), (fig. 5. C). Eyes posterior row recurved from above, straight from front (fig. 5. G). Sternum with radial furrows of large pits between coxae, medial surface coarsely reticulate (fig. 5. D), anterior margin with transverse groove; setae sparse, light, needlelike, evenly scattered. Mouthparts: Labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin deeply incised (ldi), (figs. 5. H–I); endites slender, distally not branched, distal-outer part excavated (dex), (figs. 5. H–I). Abdomen: Ovoid, dorsal scutum not fused to epigastric scutum, postepigastric scutum long, semicircular, with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes, posterior spiracles not connected by groove but connection indicated by dark belt. Legs: Ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with some specialized hairs with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (see fig. 16. H), metatarsi III, IV and tarsus IV with harpoon-like hairs (see fig. 2. G). Femora without spines. Male genitalia: Epigastric region with small dark dot (dd) posterior of sperm pore at level of posterior spiracles (fig. 6. A). Male palp (figs. 6. B–F): Embolus (em) light, long and straight, framed by some dorsal hairs (dh) (figs. 6. D–F); ventral conductor (vc) shorter than embolus, composed of a single branch enclosed by sparse, distally dense hairs (figs. 6. D–F). Bulb nearly as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically (figs. 6. B–C). Femur elongated, slender (figs. 6. B–C). FEMALE: unknown. Remark: The patella of leg IV of the holotype carries a presumed parasite. Distribution: Known only from the type locality in West-Malaysia, the Gunung Jasar in the Cameron Highlands.Published as part of Eichenberger, Beata & Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2011, New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae), pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 2823 on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27724
Morphology of new Indian/Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Onopidae)
No full textFIGURE 43: Xestaspis biflocci n. sp. Male: A. habitus dorsal view; B. habitus ventral view; C. habitus lateral view; D. sternum morph a), ventral view; E. sternum morph b), ventral view; F. sternum morph c), ventral view; G–H. sternum morph b), ventral view, SEM. Abbreviations: boc, booklung covers; ctg, continuous transverse groove. Scale bars: A–C 1 mm; D–G 0.5 mm; H 0.2 mm.Published as part of Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang & Kropf, Christian, 2012, Morphology of new Indian/Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3160 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/524692
Trilacuna clarissa Eichenberger, n. sp.
No full textTrilacuna clarissa Eichenberger n. sp. (Figs. 7–9) Type material: Holotype male (PBI_OON 00012418): Sumatra: West Sumatra Province: Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, about 30 km N of Lubuksikaping, 0° 20 ' 46 "N, 100 °04'09"E, 300–400 m, primary forest, 11 / 13 June 2006, leg. P. Schwendinger, deposited in MHNG. 1 male paratype (PBI_OON 00031971), collected with holotype, deposited in MHNG. 1 male paratype (PBI_OON 00031972), collected with holotype, deposited in MHNG. 1 male paratype (PBI_OON 00031973), collected with holotype, deposited in NMBE. Etymology: The species epithet refers to the name of Agatha Christie, born as Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller, who was a brilliant and famous English author of novels, short stories and plays. Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from all other Trilacuna species by the sternum surface with relatively small, ovoid pits (figs. 7. D, F, H) and abundant, evenly scattered, plumose setae (fig. 7. H). Description: Description based on 4 males (plus 2 males for SEM). MALE: Body length 1.1 mm, proportion carapace length:abdominal length 1: 1. Uniformly orange-brown species (figs. 7. A–C). Carapace broadly oval, strongly elevated, surface smooth, without spikes, lateral margin straight, with blunt denticles, with second, strongly rebordered, straight margin below (figs. 7. E, G; 8. B). Eyes posterior row straight from above, procurved from front (figs. 7. E; 8. B). Sternum with radial furrows of small pits between coxae, anterior margin with transverse groove. Mouthparts: Chelicerae promargin with row of flattened hairs (fsh) in combination with feather-like hairs (flh), (see fig. 2. E); labium triangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin deeply incised (ldi), (figs. 8. C–D); endites slender, distally only slightly branched, with distal patch of fork-like serrated setae (coh), outer part with some broadish, funnel shaped, distally serrated setae (fuh), (fig. 8. E). Abdomen: Broadly-ovoid, dorsal scutum not fused to epigastric scutum, postepigastric scutum short, almost circular, with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes, posterior spiracles not connected by groove or dark belt (fig. 8. H), booklung covers roundish. Legs: Ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with one or few specialized hairs with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (see fig. 16. H); metatarsi III, IV and tarsus IV with harpoon-like hairs (see fig. 2. G); tibiae I and II ventral surface with smooth stripes containing pores (figs. 8. F–G), less distinct stripes also observed on femora I–IV and metatarsi III– IV, pores not observed but absence unproved. Femora without spines. Male genitalia: Male palp (figs. 9. A–I) embolus (emb) light, short and straight; retrolateral-dorsally framed by a brush of thickened hairs (bsh) (figs. 9. E–I); conductor-complex about as long as embolus, divided in a prolateral, broadish branch (pbb) and in a ventral branch (vb), both surrounded by numerous setae (figs. 9. E–I). Bulb about twice as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically (figs. 9. A–C). Femur elongated, slender (figs. 9. A–B). FEMALE: unknown. Distribution: Known only from the type locality, the Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve on Sumatra.Published as part of Eichenberger, Beata & Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2011, New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae), pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 2823 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27724
Trilacuna werni Eichenberger, n. sp.
No full textTrilacuna werni Eichenberger n. sp. (Figs. 10–12) Type material: Holotype male (PBI_OON 00015959): Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Chomthong District, Doi Inthanon N.P., cloud forest at 2000 m, 15. November 1976, leg. P. Lehtinen, deposited in ZMUT. Male paratype (PBI_OON 00031977), collected with holotype, deposited in ZMUT. Etymology: The species epithet refers to the first name of Werner Graber (nickname Werni) who is currently working at the Anatomical Institute of Bern, Switzerland, in the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Neuroanatomy. Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from all other Trilacuna species by the male bulbus which has a conspicuous ventral groove with a long row of short, slender lobes (grl) (figs. 12. E–G); the finely striated retrolateral-basal surface of femur IV (fig. 11. D); and the dorsal abdominal scutum which is anteriorly fused with the ventral scutum (fig. 11. C). Description: Description based on 2 males (plus 1 male for SEM). MALE: Body length 2.2 mm, proportion carapace length:abdominal length 1: 1.13. Uniformly orange-brown species (figs. 10. A–C). Carapace (figs. 10. E, G) ovoid, slightly elevated, surface granular, cephalic part additionally transversally striated, without spikes, lateral margin straight, with blunt denticles, with second, strongly rebordered, straight margin below. Eyes posterior row straight from above, procurved from front. Sternum (figs. 10. D, F) with radial, wrinkled furrows between coxae, surface coarsely reticulate in the middle, anterior margin with transverse groove; setae sparse, light, needle-like, evenly scattered. Mouthparts: Chelicerae promargin with row of flattened setae (fsh) in combination with feather-like setae (flh), (see fig. 2. E); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin deeply incised (ldi); endites slender, distally only slightly branched (fig. 11. B), distal inner margin with patch of fork-like serrated setae (see fig. 2. F). Abdomen: Ovoid, postepigastric scutum long, semicircular, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes, posterior spiracles connected by groove (fig. 11. G). Legs: Special hairs on ventral apex of tibiae III and IV not observed. Metatarsi III, IV and tarsus IV with harpoon-like hairs (see fig. 2. G). Femora III and IV with ventral hump, with distal patch of small elevated and incised structures (figs. 11. E–F). Femora without spines. Male genitalia: Epigastric region (fig. 11. G) with small hole (slh) anterior of groove connecting the posterior spiracles, framed by lateral, needle-like hairs directed to center; with strongly sclerotized, curved arches posterior to the anterior spiracles. Male palp (figs. 12. A–J) embolus-conductor-complex complicated, divided into two conspicuous branches with a retrolateral, mesally curved embolic part and a prolateral conductor-complex. Embolus (emb) short, slender, lamellar, mesially curved, framed by a palm leaf-like branch (plb) with a broadish flat stem with lateral, thick setae (figs. 12. E–J). Ventral conductor with a smooth, distally widened, flat branch (wfb) surrounded by numerous setae of different size (figs. 12. E–I). Bulb about twice as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically (figs. 12. A–B). Femur elongated, slightly enlarged (figs. 12. A–B). FEMALE: unknown. Distribution: Known only from type locality, the Doi Inthanon (the highest mountain of the country) in northern Thailand.Published as part of Eichenberger, Beata & Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2011, New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae), pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 2823 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27724
Trilacuna diabolica Kranz-Baltensperger, n. sp.
No full textTrilacuna diabolica Kranz-Baltensperger n. sp. (Figs. 19–20) Type material: Male holotype (PBI_OON 00012605), Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Bo Phloi District: near Tham (= cave) Than Lod Noi, 300 m, 12 November 1992, leg. P. Schwendinger, deposited in MHNG. Female paratype (PBI_OON 00012605), collected with holotype, deposited in MHNG. Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective “diabolicus, -a, -um” and refers to the devilish look of the specimens. Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from all other Trilacuna species by its smooth carapace surface with few granulate spots in the cephalic region (fig. 19. G) and conspicuous spikes in different sizes and shapes, each bearing a rather long hair, covering the surface and margin of the carapace (figs. 19. A, C–D) and the labium which is not deeply incised but indented (fig. 19. E). Description: Description based on 1 male and 1 female. MALE (holotype): Prosoma length 1.06 mm, width 0.83 mm. Opisthosoma length 1.11 mm, width 0.97 mm. Prosoma dark red-brown, chelicerae, endites and labium, legs, and opisthosoma orange-brown, sclerite surrounding spinnerets light orange; spinnerets pale yellow; soft areas white (figs. 19. A–C). Carapace: ovoid, pars cephalica strongly elevated (fig. 19. C), narrowed in eye region; pars cephalica with long, needle-like setae, spikes on carapace also bearing long, needle-like setae. Eyes set back from anterior margin of clypeus by more than their radius, ALE largest and circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row recurved from above, straight from front (figs. 19. A, D, G). Sternum longer than wide, fused to carapace, with radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, furrow with rows of small pits (fig. 19. E). Sternum surface coarsely reticulate (figs. 19. E, H), sternum covered with many needle-like setae (figs. 19. B, E, H). Mouthparts: Labium trapezoid, longer than wide, not fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle; with 3–5 setae on anterior margin. Endites unmodified. Chelicerae slightly divergent, shape normal, anterior basal region slightly protruding, setae needle-like, evenly scattered. Fangs directed slightly posteriorly. Abdomen: ovoid; large scutum covering entire dorsal surface, not fused to epigastric scutum; large ovoid booklung covers without setae; pedicel tube ribbed (figs. 19. B, F; 20. E); epigastric scutum covering ¾ of abdomen, slightly protruding, posterior spiracles connected by groove, many very long setae reaching from pedicel until groove between posterior spiracles. Spinneret scutum present as incomplete ring with a fringe of needle-like setae; colulus represented only by setae. Legs: long, with spines as follows: leg I: femur: one spine prolaterally; tibia: four spines prolaterally, three spines retrolaterally; metatarsus with two spines prolaterally and two spines retrolaterally; leg II alike, but femur without spines; leg III and leg IV without spines. Male genitalia: palp pale orange, tibia with three trichobothria, two on dorsal part of prolateral side, one retrolaterally, cymbium pale orange, narrow, with tiny hairs, not fused with bulb, not extending beyond distal tip of bulb, which is 1 to 1.5 times as long as the cymbium. Bulb thick, tapering apically, bearing small denticles at its end, tip brush-like, embolus short, slender, covered by “brush” (figs. 20. A–D). Epigastric scutum with conspicuous knob, a region with long setae extending from this knob to the epigastric furrow. FEMALE (paratype): As in male except as noted. Larger than male with somewhat longer spikes on the carapace. Pars cephalica slightly elevated. Prosoma length 1.11 mm, width 0.88 mm. Opisthosoma length 1.56 mm, width 1.22 mm. Ventral scutum divided by epigastric furrow in an anterior epigastric scutum surrounding pedicel and a posterior epigastric scutum covering almost whole underside of opisthosoma. Parts of vulva shining through the integument (figs. 19. F; 20. E). Female genitalia: simple in ventral view (figs. 19. F; 20. E). Posterior spiracles connected by sclerotized arch (figs. 19. F; 20. E). Ecology: The known specimens were found near a natural tunnel through a limestone hill. Distribution: Known only from the type locality in western central Thailand.Published as part of Eichenberger, Beata & Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2011, New Trilacuna species from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra (Araneae, Oonopidae), pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 2823 on pages 26-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27724
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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