28 research outputs found
Congruence between self and subordinates' perceptions about leadership styles and performance in banking sector of Pakistan
No full textThe banking sector has been the fast growing sector in Pakistan and facing various challenges, including high turnover, lack of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The followers’ behavior fit with the leadership style is an indicator of good performance whereas incongruity leads to the poor (individual and organizational) performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the congruence between managers’ (self) and subordinates’ perceptions about their leadership styles and its impact on performance outcomes. Leadership styles (independent variables) included transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership. The outcomes (dependent variables) consisted of effectiveness, extra effort, satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The data was collected from sixty-five banks (65 managers and 225 subordinates) using MLQ 360 (5 X Short) by Bass and Avolio and OCQ by Meyer and Allen. The managers responded about their self-perceived leadership styles and its relationship with performance outcomes. The subordinates responded about their perceptions of managers’ leadership styles and its impact on performance outcomes. The data was analyzed using MANOVA, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the banking sector of Pakistan is a male dominant sector, echoed with the young and well-educated workforce. The results indicated significant differences between managers’ (self) and subordinates’ perceptions about their leadership styles at dimension level. In addition, a significant difference was found between managers and subordinates about the impact of transformational leadership style and laissez-faire leadership style on different outcomes.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2014-04-21T20:19:58Z
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Efeito da geometria da válvula Tesla no comportamento do fluxo instável e na queda de pressão: um estudo de CFD
No full textComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out to examine the effect of geometricparameters of Tesla valve on flow patterns, pressure drop and flow diodicity. In forward flow, the flow is relatively smooth with less flow resistance. The low velocity regions are present at the entrance to the curved section and at thejunction of the curved section and the exit channel, where flow separation takes place. In reverse flow, the flow is quite irregular, and major recirculation zones are observed in the bottom branch, in addition to the top-curved and exit sections. The simulations with small time steps show that the flow is steady when the flow takes place in the forwarddirection. The flow is mostly transient; however, when the fluid flows in the reverse direction, particularly at higher Reynolds numbers. The effect of geometric parameters such as the angles subtended by the curved section (with thehorizontal) shows that optimal values of these angles exist. For a certain range of angles, diodicity is greater than 2.The effect of multi-staging of the Tesla valve is studied, and it is found that the flow unsteadiness and overall diodicity increase with the number of stages.Simulaciones de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) fueron realizadas para examinar el efecto de los parámetros geométricos de la válvula Tesla en los patrones de flujo, la caída de presión y la diodicidad del flujo. En flujo directo, el flujo es relativamente suave y presenta poca resistencia. Se observan regiones de baja velocidad en la entrada de la sección curva y en la unión de esta con el canal de salida, donde se produce la separación del flujo. En flujo inverso, el flujo es bastante irregular y se observan importantes zonas de recirculación en la rama inferior, además de en las secciones superior curva y de salida. Las simulaciones con pasos de tiempo pequeños muestran que el flujo es estacionario en la dirección directa. Sin embargo, el flujo es mayormente transitorio en la dirección inversa, particularmente a números de Reynolds elevados. El efecto de parámetros geométricos como los ángulos subtendidos por la sección curva (con respecto a la horizontal) muestra que existen valores óptimos para estos ángulos. Para un cierto rango de ángulos, la diodicidad es mayor que 2. Se estudia el efecto de la multietapa de la válvula Tesla y se encuentra que la inestabilidad del flujo y la diodicidad general aumentan con el número de etapas.Simulações de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD) foram realizadas para examinar o efeito dosparâmetros geométricos da válvula Tesla nos padrões de fluxo, na queda de pressão e na diodicidade do fluxo. No fluxo direto, o fluxo é relativamente suave, com menor resistência. Regiões de baixa velocidade estão presentes naentrada da seção curva e na junção da seção curva com o canal de saída, onde ocorre a separação do fluxo. No fluxo reverso, o fluxo é bastante irregular e grandes zonas de recirculação são observadas no ramo inferior, além das seções curvas superiores e de saída. As simulações com pequenos passos de tempo mostram que o fluxo é estável quando ocorre na direção direta. O fluxo é predominantemente transiente quando o fluido flui na direção reversa, particularmente em números de Reynolds mais altos. O efeito de parâmetros geométricos, como os ângulos subtendidos pela seção curva (com a horizontal), mostra que existem valores ótimos para esses ângulos. Para uma determinadafaixa de ângulos, a diodicidade é maior que 2. O efeito do funcionamento em múltiplos estágios da válvula Tesla é estudado, e constata-se que a instabilidade do fluxo e a diodicidade geral aumentam com o número de estágios
Diagnosis of hepatoma using grayscale and Doppler ultrasound in patients with chronic liver disease
No full textWasim A Memon, Zishan Haider, Mirza Amanullah Beg, Muhammad Idris, Tanveer-ul-Haq, Waseem Akhtar, Sidra IdrisRadiology Department, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan Every author contributed equally to the workObjective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of liver ultrasound for the detection of hepatoma in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients by either taking histopathology or serum α-fetoprotein levels or a biphasic computed tomography (CT) scan (whichever is available) as the gold standard.Study design: Cross-sectional.Place and duration of study: Radiology Department, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2007 to January 2010.Methods: A total of 239 patients (156 males and 83 females) with clinical suspicion or surveillance of hepatoma in CLD referred to the radiology department for ultrasound evaluation followed by either liver biopsy and histopathology or serum α-fetoprotein level or biphasic CT scan.Results: The sensitivity of ultrasound for hepatoma detection in CLD was 65%, specificity was 85%, and accuracy was 70%, and positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92% and 45%, respectively.Conclusion: Ultrasound is a relatively quick, safe, reasonably accurate, and noninvasive imaging modality for the detection of hepatoma in CLD and can be complemented with clinical assessment of screening high-risk patients.Keywords: hepatoma, ultrasound, radiology, chronic liver diseas
Global Research Trends in Public Libraries: A bibliometric evaluation of “Public Library Quarterly”
No full textObjectives of the study: The paper is about evaluating the bibliometric parameters of the documents published in the prominent journal, “Public Library Quarterly” (PLQ) from 1979 to 2021.
Research Design: The dataset for this retrospective study was retrieved from the Scopus database. The bibliographic information of all kinds of documents was downloaded in the Comma Separated Value (CSV) file, further converted into Microsoft Excel for analysis. The bibliometric indicators of publications and citations by years, authorship pattern, most contributing countries, productive authors, frequently used keywords and salient appearances of highly cited were examined. Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer and Biblioshiney software were applied to visualize the data. The dataset is limited to papers of PLQ that were indexed in the Scopus data.
Key Findings: A total of 1151 documents were found and about 78% were contributed by a single author pattern. The multi-author papers gained a higher citation impact. The analysis of data witnessed that a visible shift from single-author to multi-author was observed and the number of papers was also increased from 2011 to 2021. The majority of papers was fall in the category of articles, followed by editorials. Waters R. L. and United States were found to be the most productive author and the most contributing country, respectively. The “public libraries” and “public library” were the most used keywords. More than one-fifth of the citations were gained by the 15 highly-cited papers.
Conclusion: PLQ has been playing a leadership in the research of public libraries around the world. The public library system in the United States has been the role model for the rest of the world because more than three-fourth of the literature of PLQ was contributed by the United States
Research Output of Army Medical College, Pakistan: A Bibliometric Study based on Scopus Database
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to carry-out bibliometric analysis of publications by authors associated with Army Medical College, Pakistan using Scopus database.
Methodology: All publications, published from 1977 to 2018, by the authors affiliated with Army Medical College, Pakistan were retrieved from Scopus database. The bibliographic records of all retrieved publications were downloaded in the Microsoft Excel. The data regarding phase-wise growth of publications; citations; subject distribution; the most prolific authors and journals; and research collaboration within Pakistan and abroad were analyzed and presented in tabular form.
Findings: A total of 417 publications were found with an average of 9.92 papers per year. However, these publications were cited 2,524 times with a citation impact of 6.05 citation per year. Out of 417, 352 (68%) publications were published on Medicine. The most prolific author was Abdul Khaliq Naveed and Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan and Journal of Pakistan Medical Association were the most preferred journal with 84 and 82 publications respectively. The authors mostly collaborated with National University of Sciences and Technology within Pakistan and two Saudi universities outside Pakistan.
Conclusion: Escalation in scientific productivity at Army Medical College was observed during the last decade. However, there is an urgent need to amplify research activities and collaboration with international organizations manifold to respectably stand with the world
Patterns of Library and Information Science Research in Pakistan During 2020
No full textBackground and Aim: Assessment of library and information science (LIS) publications reflect the standards of LIS education and practice. It is imperative to evaluate the research productivity frequently to highlight the various patterns of LIS publications. The current study aimed to present quantitative analysis of LIS research and its bibliometric indicators produced by Pakistani authors in the year 2020.
Research Methodology: The data of publications produced by Pakistani LIS authors were searched/extracted from online sources, e.g., Google Scholar, LISTA, LISA, ResearchGate, Scopus and Web of Science. The search was limited to one-year data from January 1st 2020 to December 31st 2020. All the retrieved records were saved in a text file and later transferred to Microsoft Excel-2016 for data analysis.
Results: A total of 246 papers contributed by 649 authors (including multiple counts) with an average of 2.63 authors per document were collected. Only 10.56% of the papers were written by a single author, while the rest of the papers (n=220; 89.44%) were the result of research collaboration. Rubina Bhatti and Salman Bin Naeem were found the most productive authors with 19 papers each, followed by Haroon Idress and Muhammad Asif Naveed with 18 papers each. The analysis of documents by the institution revealed that University of Sargodha, University of the Punjab and Islamic University of Bahawalpur contributed 41, 39 and 30 papers, respectively. All 246 papers were published in 67 journals, and exactly 100 (41%) papers were published in Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) followed by Pakistan Library and Information Science Journal (n=49). Bibliometric, Covid-19, and Information Literacy were found the top three most preferred areas of research by LIS authors of Pakistan in 2020.
Conclusion: The study exposed that research output and collaborative research in the field of LIS in Pakistan is increasing. The bibliometric studies were conducted on a high scale. The influence of Covid-19 on LIS has also been discussed significantly. Notable papers were found on information literacy, library quality and library anxiety but very few papers were found on emotional & artificial intelligence, library automation and the financial aspects of LIS. As a majority of research was contributed by the faculty, M.Phil., and Ph.D. scholars. The contribution of practicing librarians was nominal and more efforts are required to involve them in the research cycle
A Citation Analysis of Pakistan Library & Information Science Journal from 2004 and 2020
No full textAim: The citation analysis is one of the quality indicators of research publications. An attempt has been made in this study, to examine the impact of citations on the documents published in the Pakistan Library & Information Science Journal (PLISJ) from 2004 to 2020.
Research Methodology: A retrospective research method was applied on the bibliographic detail of documents published in PLISJ and indexed in Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA) - EBSCO Host. The publication data of PLISJ consisted of 17 years from 2004 to 2020 was available on the website of EBSCO (http://web.b.ebscohost.com/). A total of 68 issues were published in this period but the record of 66 issues was available on the EBSCO website, the data of two missing issues was retained from the hard copies of the journal. The selected dataset was entered in the spreadsheet of the Micro-Soft Excel Sheet for analysis. The record of citations was taken from Google Scholar. Standard Error of Means (SEM) of total publications and citations was calculated by SPSS-22. The articles published in the English Language have been included for analysis. The editorials, book reviews, news items and Urdu Language documents have been excluded. The number of citations gained by each record has been retrieved from Google Scholar from 25th to 30th November 2020.
Results: A total of 361 (SEM 21.24±1.32) articles have been identified with an average annual growth rate of 4.04. These documents received the ratio of the citations with SEM 37.94±4.90 and almost half of the documents (49.30%) have been cited. Ten papers quantified the status of h-Index. A strong correlation (0.958349) is found between the authorship pattern and number of citations, as multi-authors papers received more citations as compared to a single author. Dr. Rubina Bhattia and Dr. Khalid Mahmood emerged as the leading authors with 39, 21 papers, respectively. The highest citation impact has been received the document contributed by Dr. Mirza Muhammad Naseer and Dr. Khalid Mahmood. The maximum h-index scale (n=7) is gained by Dr. Khalid Mahmood. A bulk of documents was written on the subject category of “Biographical studies” whereas the highest citation impact has gone to the documents on “Reference Services”.
Conclusion: The growing inclination of papers in PLISJ has been observed in the study. As the papers are getting older, the number of citations is also increasing. The authorship pattern has explicitly enhanced from single to multiple authors. Faculty should encourage scholars to submit quality research in national journals
Evaluating the Scholarly Literature on Information Literacy indexed in the Web of Science Database
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to extract and scrutinized the scholarly literature on Information Literacy indexed in the Web of Science database.
Designed/methodology/approach: Bibliometric approach was brought in use to get the publication data on Information Literacy. A retrospective method of data was used to extract the required dataset from the Web of Science database. The dataset was retrieved on 4th January 2021 at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Saudi Arabia. The word Information Literacy has been written in inverted commas in the Basic Search option and select “Topic” in the subsequent box. Timespan box was set on All years (1900-2020) by default. A total of 4,943 items has been identified, further, the filter command “Information Science Library Science” was used in the Web of Science Category to refine and limit the results to 2,945. Further in the limit of “Document Types”, four types were, Article, Proceedings paper, Review, and Early Access types were selected. The data of publication was exported into Microsoft Excel for analysis. The data of publications, citations and growth rate was distributed by year, further documents’ types, topmost productive countries, institutions, and authors in Information Literacy were identified. The frequently used journals and most cited papers were also presented in tabular form.
Research limitation(s): The study is limited to bibliometric analysis of the scholarly literature on Information Literacy indexed in the Web of Science only and no other databases were brought in use for browsing the same terms.
Key finding(s): A total of 2,251 records were selected for data analysis, published from 1983 to 2020. The selected documents gained 22,107 citations with an average of 8.66 citations per document and 58 documents secured the h-index scale. The United States and California State University System of United States were found most contributing country and institution while the Spanish author, Maria Pinto emerged as the most prolific author.
Practical implication(s): This study identified the usage of Information Literacy and its relevant literature indexed in the Web of Science. This analysis could create awareness among the readers, potential authors, and library and information professionals in understanding the scope and coverage of this subject.
Contribution to Knowledge: This attempt will serve as a source of direction for the new investigators interested in the bibliometric examination of research productivity of various journals and scholarly databases. It will contribute to the academic world and will assist to spread the boundaries of knowledge
Gender and Public Spending on Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of Disaggregated Benefit Incidence
No full textIt is generally believed that education is one of the basic rights of every human being, irrespective of sex, age, creed, religion, etc. Moreover, the target of universal primary education cannot be achieved without female access to educational opportunities, which contains several external benefits. In addition, access to educational opportunities assumes prime importance for empowerment of women. However, inequalities in access to education between males and females can be found in many countries across the world including Pakistan. According to conventional wisdom, a combination of cultural, social, and economic factors are responsible for placing young girls and women at a serious disadvantage vis-a-vis access to school and the prospect of completing their education. This disadvantage can be altered through public policies including gender sensitive public spending on education. The above assertion about the role of public policy is based on the theory of public finance1, which demonstrates that public expenditure on education can affect the population in a number of ways, which has significant gender dimensions. For example, government spending on primary education is likely to generate more income for women than spending on universities, for the simple reason that there are relatively more women primary school teachers than women university lecturers. Moreover, these expenditures provide subsidized educational services, which is a form of “in kind transfers”. These “in-kind transfers” improve the current well-being of the recipients, and enhance their longer-run income-earning potential. They can be considered as both current and capital transfers to the recipients, and therefore can be termed as the “benefit incidence” of public spending. The main concern of this paper is to assess the gender dimension of the benefitincidence”. The tudy has two basic objectives. First and foremost, it aims to investigate which income group actually benefits from the government’s subsidized.
Analysis of the 100 most-cited papers in one of the leading Library and Information Science journals “Scientometrics”
No full textScientometrics is one of the leading peer-reviewed journals in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). The present study is aimed to evaluate the salient characteristics of the 100 most-cited papers of Scientometrics. The bibliographic data of most cited papers were extracted from the Scopus database. The attributes of selected papers were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny software. These papers were published between 1979 and 2017. All papers gained citations with a mean ratio of 332.86 citations per paper and the range of citations varies from 155 to 3,222. These papers were contributed by 221authors, with an average of 2.21 authors per paper. Thirty-two papers were contributed by a single author pattern and these papers gained a higher proportion of citations as compared to multi-author papers. Likewise, the open accessed papers gained more citations as compared to subscription-based papers. Glänzel W. emerged as the most prolific author while the United States contributed the highest number of papers. This paper also highlighted the frequently used keywords and the analysis of cited references. Scientometrics is an important journal that has been providing a platform to LIS researchers, focusing on research evaluation, altmetrics, bibliometrics, and citation analysis, etc. The findings of the current study assist to recognize the publication trends and research markers in the area of scientometrics
