1,720,954 research outputs found
Etat des lieux de la traduction en langues nationales au Cameroun
Get PDFDe nombreux travaux ont démontré que le multilinguisme fait partie de l’essence même de l’Afrique subsaharienne (Greenberg, 1955 ; Senghor, 1956). Étant donné la multiplicité de communautés ethniques et linguistiques dans cette région, la traduction a toujours existé et continue de faire partie du quotidien. Le Cameroun, en ce qui le concerne, compte 238 langues nationales (BinamBikoiet al., 2012) et n’abrite aucune école consacrée essentiellement à la formation de traducteurs et de traductrices dans lesdites langues. Par contre le pays se retrouve à une conjoncture où il est nécessaire que toutes les communautés accèdent à l’information officielle pour faire croître un sentiment d’appartenance et accélérer ainsi l’intégration nationale. Cet article vise à faire l’état des lieux de la traduction en langues nationales au Cameroun en vue de déblayer le chemin pour des mesures d’amélioration de ce secteur. Une méthodologie de recherche à la fois qualitative et quantitative a été utilisée pour mener cette étude. Les données ont été collectées, non seulement à partir des questionnaires à une moyenne de 120 traducteurs en langues nationales, mais également à partir des interviews et des groupes de discussion avec des cadres des institutions de traduction en langues nationales. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent quel’activité de traduction en langues nationales au Cameroun est en un état acceptable, mais peut d’avantage être boostée, non seulement par des mesures modernes telles que les outils de traduction assistée par ordinateur (TAO), mais également par une politique publique plus normative et plus formelle
Validité de la Technique d’alignement automatique en Traduction Assistée par Ordinateur (TAO): Cas de Wordfast Aligner
Get PDFLes outils d’alignement automatique en traduction assistée par ordinateur (TAO) continuent de présenter des limites. Cet article a pour principal but d’évaluer la technique de l’alignement automatique de Wordfast Aligner. Cette étude vise à identifier les lacunes dans les segments du TC au moyen d’une description comparée avec les segments du TS, à évaluer le pourcentage du rendu en nous servant de l’évaluation automatique de Wordfast Aligner, à identifier et évaluer l’algorithme utilisé dans Wordfast Aligner dans la segmentation, et à étudier la qualité de l’alignement produit par Wordfast Aligner et voir si cela est valable dans un cadre général. Quatre hypothèses sont émises dans cette recherche. La première stipule que les lacunes existant dans les segments du TC dans un bi-texte produit automatiquement dans Wordfast Aligner sont identifiables suivant une analogie cognitive. La deuxième postule que l’outil Wordfast Aligner rend tout le sens des segments du TS dans les segments du TC. La troisième stipule que l’algorithme d’alignement automatique utilisé dans Wordfast Aligner est valide. Et la quatrième postule que la technique de l’alignement automatique dans Wordfast Aligner ne bâtit pas une MT optimale. Il ressort de l’analyse de 50 segments pertinents que les lacunes se trouvant dans les segments du TC en rapport avec les segments du TS sont de quatre (4) catégories : des lacunes provenant d’une mauvaise segmentation (2%), des lacunes provenant d’une sur-traduction (16%), des lacunes provenant d’une sous-traduction (64%), des segments avec zéro (0) lacune (18%). Ces résultats montrent également que l’outil Wordfast Aligner, en effectuant l’alignement automatique, ne rend pas toujours tout le sens du segment du texte source. La moyenne générale du rendu par Wordfast Aligner est de 69,68% ≈ 70%, ce qui est acceptable, mais pas optimale.
ABSTRACT
Machine alignment tools in computer-assisted translation (CAT) continue to have limitations. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Wordfast Aligner machine alignment technique. This study aims to identify gaps in TT segments by means of a comparative description with ST segments, to evaluate the percentage of rendering using Wordfast Aligner's automatic evaluation, to identify and evaluate the algorithm used in Wordfast Aligner in the segmentation, and to study the quality of the alignment produced by Wordfast Aligner and see if this is valid in a general setting. Four hypotheses are put forward in this research. The first states that gaps in the TT segments in a bi-text automatically produced in Wordfast Aligner are identifiable by a cognitive analogy. The second postulates that the Wordfast Aligner tool renders all the meaning of the ST segments into the TT segments. The third hypothesis states that the automatic alignment algorithm used in Wordfast Aligner is valid. And the fourth hypothesis postulates that the automatic alignment technique in Wordfast Aligner does not build an optimal TM. The analysis of 50 relevant segments shows that the gaps found in the TT segments in relation to the ST segments fall into four (4) categories: gaps due to poor segmentation (2%), gaps due to over-translation (16%), gaps due to under-translation (64%), segments with zero (0) gaps (18%). These results also show that the Wordfast Aligner tool, when performing automatic alignment, does not always render the full meaning of the source text segment. The overall average rendering by Wordfast Aligner is 69.68% ≈ 70%, which is acceptable, but not optimal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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