1,720,961 research outputs found
The Implications of Thermogenic Modification for Anthropological Recovery of Burned Bone
No full text<p class="p1">Burn trauma is prevalent in both archaeological and forensic records. It causes thermogenic modifications that have implications for the discipline of anthropology. Anthropologists and medical professionals are frequently the experts called to address burn trauma cases, often in the role of forensic anthropologists. This project seeks to discuss the processes of burn trauma and the resulting changes, as well as how the professionals in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and medicine are discussing the recovery and analysis of burned human remains. An experiment is used to demonstrate these changes and compare them to those documented by experts in the field. A literature review discusses the processes of burn trauma and the resulting thermogenic modifications that are seen in the scholarly literature on the topic. The author makes recommendations for future research, namely the inclusion of weight in the recorded factors during experimentation and continued research into the recovery of burned remains. The author argues that the bioarchaeological approach of forensic anthropology benefits from the combined experience of archaeologists, biological anthropologists, and medical experts who have a background in osteology and biomechanics.</p></jats:p
The Implications of Thermogenic Modification for Anthropological Recovery of Burned Bone
Get PDFBurn trauma is prevalent in both the archaeological and forensic records. It causes
thermogenic modifications that have implications for the discipline of anthropology.
Anthropologists and medical professionals are frequently the experts who are called to
address burn trauma cases, often in the role of forensic anthropologists. This project
seeks to discuss the processes of burn trauma and the resulting changes, as well as how
the professionals in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and medicine are discussing
the recovery and analysis of burned human remains. An experiment was conducted to
demonstrate these changes and compare them to those documented by experts in the
field. A literature review discusses the processes of burn trauma and the resulting
thermogenic modifications that are seen in the scholarly literature on the topic. The
author makes recommendations for future research, namely the inclusion of weight in the
recorded factors during experimentation and continued research into the recovery of
burned remains. The author argues that the bioarchaeological approach of forensic
anthropology benefits from the combined experience of archaeologists, biological
anthropologists, and medical experts who have a background in osteology and
biomechanics.UndergraduateReviewe
Archaeological investigations and Tsleil-Waututh Science : reconstructing pre-colonial ecosystems
No full textMeaghan Efford, a UBC 3MT Finalist, shares their research on the history of Burrard Inlet (Tsleil-Waut), collaborating with Tsleil-Waututh scientists and community members. Through analyzing archaeological data such as fish, mammal and bird bones, Efford is in the process of creating an ecosystem model of what Tsleil-Waut had looked like prior to European contact and how this information can help Tsleil-Waututh communities into the future. Meaghan Efford is completing their PhD in Oceans and Fisheries under the supervision of Dr. Villy Christensen.Science, Faculty ofOceans and Fisheries, Institute for theUnreviewedGraduat
Archaeological investigations and ecological modelling into pre-contact (1792 CE) Tsleil-Waututh stewardship of Burrard Inlet, BC, Canada
No full textFor millennia, səl̓ilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh), a Coast Salish Nation, have been stewards and cultivators of səl̓ilwət (Tsleil-Wat, Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, Canada), their home and traditional and unceded territory. səl̓ilwət has experienced devastating changes from the colonization and settlement of what is now known as the City of Vancouver. səl̓ilwətaɬ stewardship has been increasingly impacted through colonial development, resource extraction, and settler government polices. Extensive shoreline habitat loss and settler forage fish and Pacific salmon fisheries have reduced the overall health of the ecosystem. This work is led by səl̓ilwətaɬ experts through a collaborative, transdisciplinary approach to archaeology, historical ecology, and ecosystem modelling. We answer two research questions: 1) how many people could səl̓ilwət have sustained prior to European contact? In other words, what is the maximum carrying capacity of səl̓ilwət as it would have been prior to European contact and following the settlement of Vancouver? and 2) what are the cumulative ecological impacts of select settler-colonial environmental stressors impacting the səl̓ilwət ecosystem over 1750-1980 CE? We employed a historical ecological framework to develop a novel approach to answering these questions. We conducted an analysis of zooarchaeological material on Pacific salmon remains from təmtəmíxʷtən (DhRr-6, Belcarra Park), and the results show that chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) was the most commonly harvested over the over 2,000-year fishery tenure. We then reconstructed the pre-contact səl̓ilwətaɬ diet, combining archaeology, historical and archival records, ecology, and səl̓ilwətaɬ science. We used Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) to build a baseline ecosystem model of səl̓ilwət set in 1750 CE, several decades before First Contact is estimated in 1792 CE. We use this model and the reconstructed pre-contact diet to test the maximum carrying capacity of the 1750 CE səl̓ilwət ecosystem, which we estimated to be 10,000 people. Finally, we modelled the cumulative effects of smallpox, settler fisheries, the rising settler population, shoreline change and loss, and industrial and commercial pollution and development in the study area. Our results show an overall reduction in human carrying capacity of 88% and a loss of 2,331 tonnes of biomass in 12 modeled functional groups in the səl̓ilwət ecosystem over 1750-1980 CE.Science, Faculty ofOceans and Fisheries, Institute for theGraduat
Ts’a7inwa (gooseneck barnacles) as a proxy for archaeological efforts to understand shellfish as food in Nuu-chah-nulth territories
No full textThis thesis examines the comparative abundance of shellfish from archaeological assemblages on the west coast of Vancouver Island in Nuu-chah-nulth territories. Eighteen sites spanning the Nuu-chah-nulth region emphasize the diversity in invertebrate foods that have been consumed 5000-150 years ago: Yaksis Cave, Loon Cave, and Hesquiat Village at Hesquiat Harbour; Chesterman Beach; Spring Cove; Ts’ishaa, Ch’ituukwachisht (North and South), Tl’ihuuw’a, Shiwitis, Huumuuwaa, Maktl7ii, Huts’atswilh, Kakmakimilh, Kiix7iin, and Huu7ii. Invertebrate zooarchaeology is an understudied field that has the potential to impact ecological restoration and conservation efforts. Ubiquity, or frequency of occurrence, provides a measure of abundance for a target taxa or species through a percent presence/absence approach. Regionally conventional methods of invertebrate analysis, including weight-based quantification, primarily favour heavy and robust bivalves, such as clams and mussels, and diminish the presence of other frequently occurring invertebrates. Ubiquity-based quantification shows how frequently ‘other’ shellfish have been utilized over time and across archaeological deposits. Gooseneck barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) are often considered rare, an unimportant intertidal resource, but ubiquity-based analyses show that they are far more abundant than previously appreciated. A methodological combination of these two approaches shows vastly different perspectives on shellfish abundance, and this has implications for how the dietary role of shellfish is understood and discussed in archaeological discourse.Graduate2020-09-0
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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