58 research outputs found
Detecting Flawed Masking Schemes with Leakage Detection Tests
No full textsponsorship: We thank an anonymous reviewer that found a mistake in Sect. 3.5, Francois-Xavier Standaert for extensive comments and Ingrid Verbauwhede. The author is funded by a PhD fellowship of the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO). This work was funded also by Flemish Government, FWO G.0550.12N, G.00130.13N, Hercules Foundation AKUL/11/19, and through the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 644052 HECTOR. (Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO), Hercules Foundation|AKUL/11/19, Horizon research and innovation programme|644052 HECTOR, Flemish Government|FWO G.0550.12N, Flemish Government|G.00130.13N)status: Publishe
In-Cell Structural Biology by NMR: The Benefits of the Atomic Scale
No full textInternational audienceIn-cell structural biology aims at extracting structural information about proteins or nucleic acids in their native, cellular environment. This emerging field holds great promises and is already providing new facts and outlooks of interest at both fundamental and applied levels. NMR spectroscopy has important contributions on this stage: it brings information on a broad variety of nuclei at the atomic scale, which ensures its great versatility and uniqueness. Here, we detail the methods, the fundamental knowledge and the applications in biomedical engineering related to in-cell NMR. We finally propose a brief overview of the main other techniques in the field (EPR, smFRET, cryo-ET…) to draw some advisable developments for in-cell NMR. In the era of large-scale screenings and deep learning, both accurate and qualitative experimental evidences are as essential as ever to understand the interior life of cells. In-cell structural biology by NMR spectroscopy can generate such a knowledge, and it does so at the atomic scale. This review is meant to deliver comprehensive but accessible information, with advanced technical details and reflections on the methods, the nature of the results and the future of the field. 5.1.1. In-cell EPR 5.1.2. In-cell FRET microscopy 5.1.3. Mass-spectrometry 5.1.4. Cryo-ET 5.2. The specific benefits of in-cell NMR 5.3. The future technical challenges of in-cell NMR 6. Conclusion Author Information Corresponding Author ORCID Notes Biographies Acknowledgments Abbreviations Reference
Primitive-based payment systems for flexible value transfer in the personal router
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-154).This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.The Personal Router is a mobile communication device developed by the Advanced Network Architecture group at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science. The Personal Router is able to select and negotiate connectivity with local providers for different kinds of services and interfaces. It needs payment procedures to support these services. As this device is designed to be used in many distinct unpredictable contexts, it cannot implement a single payment system. The complexity of existing payment systems has to be mapped into this new environment. A different payment system must be chosen each time, depending on many variables such as costs, environmental constraints, privacy, user and provider's needs and preferences. Privacy is a major issue for this device. In effect, getting wireless and mobile service everywhere will possibly leave an easily traceable trail; moreover, using this device supposes negotiating with many different untrusted providers and paying for the service. This can create huge potential threats for privacy and personal data management if this issue is not included in the early stage of the design. Legal requirements and user preferences and expectations for privacy in electronic transactions are therefore explored. Past attempts to enhance privacy in different environments are examined. Reasons why most of them have failed and some of them are struggling to stay alive are analyzed. New privacy threats faced by the Personal Router are considered. A new approach based on building blocks is made. Payment systems are split into primitive operations; each of them implements one step of a transaction. The combination of these building blocks replicates a payment protocol. The characteristics of a payment system can then be derived from the analysis of the implementation of each of these primitives. Users' preferences are defined by attributes. Payment systems can then be compared through their primitives and even slightly modified to be closer to users' ideal system by altering the primitives. The modular approach makes this easier. This framework is successfully tested on three major electronic payment systems. Several limitations of this approach and open issues related to the Personal Router are exposed.by Xavier F. Brucker.S.M
Post 1990s Dance Theatre and (the idea of) the Neutral
No full textPhDThe thesis focuses on the concept of neutrality in the works of contemporary
European (post 1990s) choreographers. While broad ideas around neutrality are
considered, the thesis primarily engages with Roland Barthes’ definition of
neutrality as a structural term: 'every inflection that, dodging or baffling the
paradigmatic, oppositional structure of meaning, aims at the suspension of the
conflictual basis of discourse'. I argue that the minimalist work of Judson
Church, New York City, is anticipating the interest in the neutral that will more
strongly formulate itself in dance theatre after the 1990s. In the first chapter on
Jérôme Bel, the concept of neutrality is introduced as a general idea, together with
its inherent problem. The 'problem' is not that this or that element that Bel
chooses cannot be perceived as neutral, but that neutral or stage zero can never be
neutral enough. The second chapter, dedicated to the work of Thomas Lehmen,
explores the idea of 'neutralization' in relation to the notion of the self in
Lehmen's performance, where 'It is not I or you who lives: 'one' (une vie) lives in
us' (P. Hallward). In the third chapter I argue that in Raimund Hoghe’s
performances, love is conceived essentially as a balance between narcissism and
pure object-love – as a neutral state. The fourth chapter, on Croatia’s BADco.,
gravitates around the ways in which group processes function, arguing that the
idea of the neutral is located in the ‘invisible hand’ of emergence. The thesis shifts
academic performance analysis towards a more concept-based approach,
unpicking and/or constructing timeless, abstract and broad concepts and ideas that
the work of these choreographers resonates with
Listening to the Body…::Transitioning to Shakespeare and Theory (Special Issue II)
No full text(FX. G. lead author
Charlevoix : un jésuite en quête de vérité : étude historiographique d'Histoire et description générale de la nouvelle France
No full textAfter several visits to New France, the French Jesuit Pierre-Francois-Xavier de Charlevoix produced a detailed multivolume study entitled Histoire et description generale de la Nouvelle France. This thesis places the historiographical aims enunciated in that work within the context of eighteenth-century historical writing. Echoes of the approach of both the "philosophes" and the "erudits" can be found in Charlevoix's work and the conflict between these two influences will be analysed here.By looking more specifically at the issue of the truth through Charlevoix's description of the Jesuit missionaries' enterprise, the essay explains the methods used by the author to increase the credibility of his narrative work. In spite of the stern criticisms which were circulating at the time against the theological view of history, it is by attempting to reconcile the Christian doctrines with a rigorous critical method that Charlevoix tries to reach his goals
Looking beyond averages in the trade and poverty debate
No full textThere has been much debate about how much poor people in developing countries gain from trade openness, as one aspect of"globalization."The author views the issue through both"macro"and"micro"empirical lenses. The macro lens uses cross-country comparisons and aggregate time series data. The micro lens uses household-level data combined with structural modeling of the impacts of specific tradereforms. The author presents case studies for China and Morocco. Both the macro and micro approaches cast doubt on some wide generalizations from both sides of the globalization debate. Additionally the micro lens indicates considerable heterogeneity in the welfare impacts of trade openness, with both gainers and losers among the poor. The author identifies a number of covariates of the individual gains. The results point to the importance of combining trade reforms with well-designed social protection policies.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Services&Transfers to Poor,Poverty Monitoring&Analysis,Public Health Promotion,Environmental Economics&Policies,Achieving Shared Growth,Poverty Assessment,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Economic Theory&Research
Effects of forest restoration tree species on soil properties in Southern Rwanda
No full textAbstract
Effects of forest restoration tree species on soil properties in Southern Rwanda
1,2 Peter Rwibasira*, 2Francois Xavier Naramabuye, 2Donat Nsabimana, and 1Monique Carnol
1University of Liège, Belgium – Plant and Microbial Ecology; 2University of Rwanda, Rwanda.
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Understanding the effects of tree species on soil properties is primordial for the development of forest restoration policies regarding the choice of species that will meet both environmental and local livelihood needs. We investigated the effects of exotic and native tree species, planted in 27 plots (31-82 years old), on selected soil properties (pH, SOM, water-extractable C and N) and soil exchangeable base cations (EBC) at two soil layers (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm) in the arboretum of Ruhande, Southern Rwanda. Given that trees were planted on one site with similar land-use history, climatic conditions, parent material, and soil type, we expect current differences in soil characteristics to reflect the influence of the tree species.
The effects of tree species were most apparent in the upper thin layer (0-5 cm) and the values of parameters were higher in this layer compared to the lower soil layer. The influence of tree species at 5-10 cm depth, was less marked and the values were lower for all measured parameters except for Al3+ and Fe2+ concentration. Eucalyptus species stands had the lowest soil pH (3.7) and mixed native species had the highest soil pH (5.8) as well as the highest exchangeable base cations (EBC) at both 0-5 cm depth (63±1.4 cmol (+)/kg) and 5-10 cm depth (9.3±0.2 cmol (+)/kg). Water extractable C and N fractions were higher at the upper soil layer compared to the lower layer. At 0-5cm, hot and cold water-extractable C and N fractions were positively correlated to soil organic matter (SOM) and negatively correlated to pH, but no significant correlation was observed at 5-10 cm. Our results showed that: (i) the two soil layers (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm depths) which were visibly undistinguishable under most of the species significantly differed in soil properties. This highlights the importance of the upper thin layer (0-5 cm depth) in tropical soils, which are generally poor and rely heavily on internal nutrient cycling through rapid decomposition of above-and belowground litter from vegetation (ii) Eucalyptus had negative consequences on soil pH and EBC, whereas soil under mixed natives had higher pH and EBC (iii) The sensitivity of water-extractable C and N fractions to detect tree species effects and their correlation with SOM indicates that these fractions could be used as substitutes to SOM analysis.
Keywords: Eucalyptus; organic matter; water-extractable C and N; exotic tree species; soil nutrients; soil quality; Ruhande ArboretumARES - Rwanda (Result1
Miracles et bien-faits obtenvs par l'invocation du saint pere Francois Xavier en ses reliqves qui reposent dans l'eglise de la compagnie de Iesvs a Malines.
No full textAuthor derived from dedicatory letter (f. A3 verso)Place from the printers address of activityVingerafdruk: 166108 - # b1 A4 ecou : # b2 F5 plaProsecvtion des miracles [...] mise en lumiere depuis sa derniere octave 1660 (f. E6 recto - f. F8 verso)Bib. catholica Neerlandica impressa 11795Herten, I. In den naem Jesus 132Europeana-GoogleBook
Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lantana camara show antiepileptic and anxiolytic effects by inhibiting the ferroptosis pathway in kainate-treated mice
No full textIn Cameroon, epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Available anti-epileptic medication, on the other hand, have been associated with pharmacological toxicity and emotional impairment. The identification of a more efficient replacement is critical. Recent research reveals that ferroptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy and related anxiety disorders. Lantana camara is a plant with a high neuropharmacological potential, but its mechanisms of action have yet to be understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lantana camara on the kainate model of epilepsy in mice. The focus was on these extracts' capacity to suppress ferroptosis. Mice were injected with kainate (12 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce epilepsy. After status epilepticus, animals were left for 19 days, which correspond to an epileptogenic period. After the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures, mice were treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.), levetiracetam (80 mg/kg, p.o.), sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, p.o.), ethanolic extract of L. camara (230, 460, 920 mg/kg, p.o.), or an aqueous extract of L. camara (460 mg/kg p.o.). These treatments lasted for 14 days. During this period, the number and duration of seizures were recorded. The mice were then subjected to elevated zero-maze and open field tests to assess anxiety-like behavior. At the end, mice were sacrificed and hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum were dissected out for biochemical and histological analyses. The extracts alleviated seizure- and anxiety-like behavior in KA-treated mice. Decreased iron levels, reflected by a decrease in ferritin levels and a increase in transferrin levels, were observed in the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala of the extract-treated group compared to the KA-treated group. In addition, increase in GABA and GSH levels, and a decrease in MDA levels were observed in these groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed less pronounced neuronal degeneration and a more sustained architecture in the brain region of extract-treated mice. These findings indicated that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of L. camara effectively attenuate seizures and anxiety disorders. Probable mechanisms of action include GABAergic, iron, GSH, and MDA modulations
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