21 research outputs found
Use of budesonide in severe asthmatics aged 1-3 years
No full textThe treatment of severe asthmatics aged 1-3 years with budesonide administered via Nebuhaler and Laerdal facemask was assessed in a six month, double blind, placebo controlled study. Patients were randomised to budesonide (n=20) or placebo (n=20) treatment. Daily symptom scores were recorded by parents and clinic visits occurred every six weeks. Cough scores improved significantly with budesonide: nocturnal and daytime cough scores (0-2) fell by a mean (SEM) of 0 4 (0.2) and 0-5 (0.2); while with placebo the nocturnal score increased by 0.1 (0.2) and daytime score was unchanged at 0.0 (0 2). AUl other data showed improvements for active over placebo treatment. Thirteen children in each group completed six months' treatment. Parents of 25 of these found the delivery system convenient and easy to use. While blinded to treatment it was assessed to be beneficial in nine of 13 receiving budesonide and four of 13 receiving placebo. The Nebuhaler and facemask is an acceptable delivery system for long term asthma treatment. Symptoms are significantly reduced when it is used to give 400-800 ,μg budesonide/day to children aged 1-3 years who cannot use other delivery systems.</p
Monitoring asthma in childhood: management-related issues
No full textManagement-related issues are an important aspect of monitoring asthma in children in clinical practice. This review summarises the literature on practical aspects of monitoring including adherence to treatment, inhalation technique, ongoing exposure to allergens and irritants, comorbid conditions and side-effects of treatment, as agreed by the European Respiratory Society Task Force on Monitoring Asthma in Childhood. The evidence indicates that it is important to discuss adherence to treatment in a non-confrontational way at every clinic visit, and take into account a patient's illness and medication beliefs. All task force members teach inhalation techniques at least twice when introducing a new inhalation device and then at least annually. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke, combustion-derived air pollutants, house dust mites, fungal spores, pollens and pet dander deserve regular attention during follow-up according to most task force members. In addition, allergic rhinitis should be considered as a cause for poor asthma control. Task force members do not screen for gastro-oesophageal reflux and food allergy. Height and weight are generally measured at least annually to identify individuals who are susceptible to adrenal suppression and to calculate body mass index, even though causality between obesity and asthma has not been established. In cases of poor asthma control, before stepping up treatment the above aspects of monitoring deserve closer attention
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A correct report of the trials of Thomas Jonathan Wooler, for two libels ::contained in the third and tenth numbers of the Black dwarf, of which the defendant was author and printer : before Mr. Justice Abbott and a special Jury, in the Court of King's Bench, Guildhall, London, on Thursday, June 5th, 1817.
No full text“Quem são os sediciosos?” : Constitucionalismo e insurgência na atuação política do Black Dwarf por Reforma Parlamentar em 1817
No full textA presente monografia analisa a atuação política e social do periódico londrino The Black Dwarf, publicação do início do século XIX que lutava em prol da Reforma Parlamentar na Câmara dos Comuns britânica; as publicações aqui estudadas compreendem o ano de 1817. A necessidade por Reforma Parlamentar significava, na prática, o acesso a um sufrágio masculino geral e reformulação dos assentos e distritos parlamentares. A partir da perspectiva exposta pelo autor do periódico, Thomas Jonathan Wooler, se objetivou um estudo do período a partir dessas publicações.The following monograph analyzes the political and social operation of the London-based periodical The Black Dwarf, an early 19th century publication that fought in favor of Parliamentary Reform in the British House of Commons; the publications studied here comprehend the year of 1817. The necessity of Parliamentary Reform revolved around the need of general male suffrage as well as a redesign on parliamentary seats and districts. Through the perspective of the author of the periodical, Thomas Jonathan Wooler, the objective is the study of this period through these publications
'Beats apart': a comparative history of youth culture and popular music in Liverpool and Newcastle upon Tyne, 1956 - 1965
No full textThis study explores the themes of continuity and change in twentieth-century British cultural history, particularities of place and regional identity in the North of England, and the cultural transfer of North American popular music in Britain between 1956 and 1965. By means of a comparative historical investigation of youth culture and popular music in Liverpool and Newcastle upon Tyne, the work engages with existing debate among historians surrounding the nature and extent of cultural change for the period usually referred to as „The Sixties?, and whether or not it is possible to speak of a „Cultural Revolution?. Spanning the years between the initial impact of rock „n? roll and the immediate aftermath of the Beat Boom of 1963-64, a phenomenon described by one commentator as representing „perhaps the North's greatest single cultural „putsch??, the thesis examines the role of urban and regional identity in the process of cultural production, reproduction, and consumption. Theoretical insights derived from the associated disciplines of sociology and cultural studies are employed which offer an opportunity for a novel and dynamic analysis and interpretation of the empirical historical evidence. This research is especially pertinent at a time when historians are increasingly looking to the regional and inter-regional, as opposed to the national and international, for explanations of continuity and change. There is a burgeoning interest in the history of popular culture inspired by the transition of post-modern society from one of production to consumption. Cultural and economic theorists have called for more historical investigation to inform current debates regarding the post-modern city?s ability to attract a „creative class? as a means towards urban regeneration. This study informs these debates by bringing the above themes together in a unique historical analysis of cultural continuity and change, Northern identity, and popular music
Monitoring asthma in childhood : symptoms, exacerbations and quality of life
No full textAcknowledgements The Task Force members and their affiliations are as follows. Paul L.P. Brand: Princess Amalia Children’s Centre, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, and UMCG Postgraduate School of Medicine, University Medical Centre and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Mika J. Mäkelä: Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Stanley J. Szefler: Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; Thomas Frischer: Dept of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria; David Price: Dept of Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Eugenio Baraldi: Women’s and Children’s Health Dept, Unit of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Kai-Hakon Carlsen: Dept of Paediatrics, Women and Children’s Division, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Ernst Eber: Respiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Dept of Paediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Gunilla Hedlin: Dept of Women’s and Children’s Health and Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, and Astrid Lindgren Children’s hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Neeta Kulkarni: Leicestershire Partnership Trust and Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Christiane Lex: Dept of Paediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen: Dept of Paediatrics, Women and Children’s Division, Oslo University Hospital, and Dept of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Eva Mantzouranis: Dept of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Alexander Moeller: Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Ian Pavord: Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Giorgio Piacentini: Paediatric Section, Dept of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Mariëlle W. Pijnenburg: Dept Paediatrics/Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Bart L. Rottier: Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Sejal Saglani: Leukocyte Biology and Respiratory Paediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Peter D. Sly: Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Steve Turner: Dept of Paediatrics, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Edwina Wooler: Royal Alexandra Children’s Hospital, Brighton, UK.Peer reviewe
Monitoring asthma in children.
No full textThe goal of asthma treatment is to obtain clinical control and reduce future risks to the patient. To reach this goal in children with asthma, ongoing monitoring is essential. While all components of asthma, such as symptoms, lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, may exist in various combinations in different individuals, to date there is limited evidence on how to integrate these for optimal monitoring of children with asthma. The aims of this ERS Task Force were to describe the current practise and give an overview of the best available evidence on how to monitor children with asthma. 22 clinical and research experts reviewed the literature. A modified Delphi method and four Task Force meetings were used to reach a consensus. This statement summarises the literature on monitoring children with asthma. Available tools for monitoring children with asthma, such as clinical tools, lung function, bronchial responsiveness and inflammatory markers, are described as are the ways in which they may be used in children with asthma. Management-related issues, comorbidities and environmental factors are summarised. Despite considerable interest in monitoring asthma in children, for many aspects of monitoring asthma in children there is a substantial lack of evidence
Schmidt Hammer exposure dating (SHED): Calibration boulder of Tomkins et al. (2016)
No full textFor the Quaternary community to test and utilize the SHED curves presented in Tomkins et al. (2016) and to develop their own calibration curves, SHED R Values need be standardized. When applying SHED to undated surfaces, Schmidt hammer calibration should be undertaken on a surface with a known R Value by taking the average of 30 R Values without rejecting any values. This procedure should be used for all surfaces dated in a study and should be repeated after data collection to determine any change in Schmidt hammer functioning.The best methods for robust calibration include:1) The researcher calibrating a Schmidt hammer on the top surface of the University of Manchester calibration boulder (best method);2) Mail your Schmidt hammer to the corresponding author who will send the data and Schmidt hammer back (note: this does not account for operator variance);3) Locate one of the 98 boulder or bedrock surfaces reported in Tomkins et al. (2016) and use it as a calibration point. In this case the researcher must be confident that they are using the exact same boulder or bedrock surface from where the R Value was obtained by Tomkins et al. (2016, Table 2). Whilst this approach is feasible, we advocate caution since replicating the precise same surface may sometimes be difficult.The University of Manchester calibration boulder is a 1.8 m-long × 0.7 m-wide × 0.7 m-high block of Doddington Sandstone ≥340 Ma that was quarried at Doddington Hill, near Wooler in NE England, and transported to the University of Manchester c. 30 years ago (John Nudds pers.com). The boulder is located at 53°27′60.0″N, 2°14′05.9″W on Bridgeford Street between the Arthur Lewis Building (# 36 on campus map) and Waterloo Place (#38) in a rock garden and engraved as #11 (Fig. 1). The boulder is a white sandstone that is now buff to tan coloured due to urban pollution and has red streaks due to iron staining. Cross-stratification is visible on both the weathered and cut surfaces
Facing femininities : women in the National Portrait Gallery, 1856-1899.
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN029234 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Measuring the proportion of and reasons for asthma‐related school absence in England
No full textAsthma affects 300 million people across all age‐groups and ethnicities and is the most common chronic condition affecting children. In the UK, the health care costs associated with asthma are estimated at £1.1 billion, however this amount typically excludes some societal costs (e.g. absence from work to care for children). The total number of days missed from school in England in the 2017/18 academic year was 59.1 million of which 54.7% were due to illness although the reasons for those illness‐related absences are unknown
