1,722,029 research outputs found
AMP v. Myriad: The Future of Medicine and Patent Law
Full text linkEdwards, Peter. (2011). AMP v. Myriad: The Future of Medicine and Patent Law. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/155933
Dossier : La revue « L'Artiste » (1831-1904). Notice bibliographique
No full textEdwards Peter J. Dossier : La revue « L'Artiste » (1831-1904). Notice bibliographique. In: Romantisme, 1990, n°67. Avatars de l'artiste. pp. 111-118
An investigation into the molecular recognition and sensing of anions, especially of alkylcarbamates and related species
No full textThis thesis reports the synthesis and study of the anion recognition properties of a variety of synthetic organic and inorganic receptors. A series of known anion receptors containing a common urea and varying alkyl and aryl substituents have been investigated for their ability to bind the alkylcarbamate portion of two alkylammonium-alkylcarbamate salts and the CO2 adduct of a cyclic amidine, in an investigation into novel CO2 fixation strategies. Chemical shift changes were used to observe relative binding strengths for interactions between the alkylcarbamate and the receptors in DMSO-d6. The results show that it is possible to bind the alkylcarbamate anion in the presence of the primary alkylammonium cation, when a receptor of sufficient strength is employed. The strength of this interaction was increased when 18-crown-6 was added, which acts as a receptor for the alkylammonium cation. The CO2 adduct of the cyclic amidine, (1,4,5,6, tetrahydropyrimidine) was shown to have the strongest interactions with the receptor series. Several Schiff-base and urea containing receptors have been synthesised and assessed for anion complexation properties in solution using 1H NMR in DMSO-d6 : water mixtures. These are selective for acetate, benzoate and dihydrogen phosphate over chloride and hydrogen sulfate, and exhibit a mixture of 1:1 and 2:1, (guest:host), binding stoichiometries in several cases. Zinc(II) and cobalt(II) chloride complexes of one of this series were synthesised. The cobalt(II)chloride complex was observed to be a stark colorimetric indicator for chloride and dihydrogen phosphate. A number of isophthalamide derivatives containing activated NH and / or CH protons have been synthesised and assessed for anion complexation solution using 1H NMR in DMSOd6. Their interactions with fluoride, chloride and bromide were investigated, which demonstrate a significant contribution from the activated CH proton
Dimensionality Reduction through Correspondence Analysis
No full textMany learning algorithms make an implicit assumption that all the attributes of the presented data are relevant to a learning task. However, several studies on attribute selection have demonstrated that this assumption rarely holds. In addition, for many supervised learning algorithms such as nearest neighbour algorithms, the inclusion of irrelevant attributes can result in a degradation in the classification accuracy of the learning algorithm. Whilst a number of different methods for attribute selection exist, many of these are only appropriate for datasets which contain a small number of attributes (e.g. less than 20). This paper presents an alternative approach to attribute selection, which can be applied to datasets with a greater number of attributes. We present an evaluation of the approach which contrasts its performance with one other attribute selection technique
Interface Agents that Learn: An investigation of Learning Issues in a Mail Agent Interface
No full textIn recent years, interface agents have been developed to assist users with various tasks. Some systems employ machine learning techniques to allow the agent to adapt to the user's changing requirements. With the increase in the volume of data on the internet, agents have emerged that are able to monitor and learn from their users to identify topics of interest. One such agent, described here, has been developed to filter mail messages. We examine the issues involved in constructing an autonomous interface agent that employs a learning component, and explore the use of two different learning techniques in this context
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Responses of native and invasive Brassicaceae species to slug herbivory
No full textIt has been proposed that invasive plants are often less palatable or better able to compensate for biomass losses by herbivory than related, non-invasive species growing in the same area. We hypothesised that low palatability to slugs and/or an ability to compensate for grazing damage are traits contributing to the invasiveness of perennial Brassicaceae forb species introduced to northwestern and central Europe. In common garden and glasshouse experiments we compared life-history and fitness parameters of three native and three invasive Brassicaceae species of central European provenance that were subjected to herbivory by two slug species. Using the same species we performed leaf disc preference assays and investigated the effects of slug herbivory on small plants regenerated from root fragments and seedlings in field and glasshouse experiments. We found high between-species variation in susceptibility to slug herbivory but these were not related to the native or invasive status of the species. While the proportions of seedlings damaged or killed by slug herbivory did not differ between the two groups of species, the survival of damaged root regenerates was higher than that of seedlings. Consistent with our hypothesis, the invasive species, particularly those with clonal reproduction, showed higher compensation growth after slug herbivory. Our results suggest that a high ability for compensation growth in invasive Brassicaceae species makes them more tolerant to slug damage than native congeners. The potential to regenerate from root fragments, which are less vulnerable than seedlings to herbivory, appears to be another important factor contributing to the invasiveness of some clonal species. Since many invasive plant species share these traits (though regeneration may be from plant parts other than roots), we suggest that tolerance of herbivory may be one of the characteristics of many successful invaders. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
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