1,721,046 research outputs found
Sex/gender differences in autistic restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests
No full textAutistic females are often diagnosed less frequently than autistic males, despite many displaying similar levels of autistic traits to males. Explanations for this include diagnostic assessment tools not being sensitive enough to the manifestation of autistic behaviours in females, as well as higher levels of camouflaging behaviours in autistic females resulting in some autistic traits being missed when using observational or parent/carer/teacher report measures. Consequently, autism research is relatively unrepresentative of autistic females, especially those who report high autistic traits but do not have a clinical diagnosis. Taking a critical realist approach, the aim of this thesis is to explore sex/gender differences in the subdomain of the autism diagnostic criteria; restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBIs). Research at the broad construct level of RRBIs indicates that autistic females present with fewer RRBIs than autistic males, however the subdomain is large, with a range of narrow constructs within it that are different to each other (e.g., stereotyped behaviours, insistence on sameness, passionate interests, and sensory experiences), warranting deeper exploration at a fine-grained level. Firstly, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore sex/gender differences at the narrow construct level of RRBIs in autistic children, adolescents, and adults. This indicated that autistic males presented with significantly more stereotyped behaviours and passionate interests than females. There was also a trend towards autistic females presenting with more sensory experiences. There was no significant sex/gender differences for insistence on sameness. Autistic females also appeared to hold different types of passionate interests to males. It was deemed important to include participants who self-identify as autistic, without a clinical diagnosis (but who report high autistic traits), in the empirical research project, in an attempt to include a group who has previously been excluded from many studies. Likewise, a self-report measure was chosen so that the subjective experiences of autistic individuals could be captured. The empirical research project explored sex/gender differences in two narrow constructs of RRBIs, insistence on sameness (IS) and repetitive sensory motor behaviours (RSMB), in a sample (n = 84) of autistic (diagnosed and self-identifying) and non-autistic 16-25 year olds. Results indicated that autistic females self-report significantly more IS behaviours compared to autistic males and similar levels of RSMB to autistic males. These findings emphasise the importance of exploring RRBIs at a fine-grained level and raises the importance of professionals involved in identification of autism, for example educational practitioners, being aware of sex/gender differences in RRBIs, particularly how these may present in autistic females
Data supporting a University of Southampton doctoral thesis "Sex/Gender Differences in Autistic Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours and Interests"
No full textData supporting a University of Southampton doctoral thesis "Sex/Gender Differences in Autistic Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours and Interests", forthcoming.
Data was collected vis MS Forms online surveys. Excel required to view raw dataset. Edited Excel dataset also available with incomplete data removed and data coded as per individual outcome measures. Sub-scores for each outcome measure also calculated via formulas for all relevant outcome measures. SPSS dataset provided for data pertaining to Sex, Diagnosis, RBQ-2A Total, RBQ-2A Repetitive Sensory Motor (RSM), RBQ-2A Insistence on Sameness (IS), CATQ Total, CATQ Assimilation, CATQ Masking, CATQ Compensation, ASSERT Autistic Traits, Age, and Diagnosis vs Self-Identifying Autistic data only.
This dataset contains:
- consent confirmations
- ethnicity
- gender
- biological sex
- diagnosis status
- age of diagnosis, who gave diagnosis, how many times assessed (if applicable)
- self-identification of autism (yes or no)
- experience of autism assessment (yes or no), how many times assessed, outcome of assessment, currently on a waiting list for assessment, age of first assessment (if applicable)
- responses on ASSERT outcome measure
- responses on CAT-Q outcome measure
- responses on RBQ-2A outcome measure
- open-responses to 'are there any other restricted interest you feel you have that have not already been mentioned?'
- open-responses to 'are there any other repetitive behaviours you feel you have that have not already been mentioned?'
- responses on ASA-A outcome measure</span
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Educational psychologists’ involvement in critical incidents: self-efficacy and influencing factors
No full textSupporting school communities following a critical incident (CI) is a stressful, yet established, part of an educational psychologist’s (EP's) role. The authors aim to explore whether emotional intelligence (EI), the number of CIs worked, and coping strategies predict EPs’ CI self-efficacy, and to gather EPs’ views on CI training. Ninety-five EPs working for UK local authorities completed an online survey that measured their self-efficacy towards CIs, their EI, and coping strategies. Information about how CIs are allocated, supervision, training received, and suggestions for future training were obtained. EI, approach coping strategies, and avoidant coping strategies were all predictors of CI self-efficacy. Results showed that 76.5% of EPs considered they needed more CI training and expressed they would benefit from knowledge- and experiential-based training. Implications are discussed, using a training framework informed by sources of self-efficacy, emphasising the need to be consciously aware of the EI and coping strategies that EPs already possess
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