13 research outputs found
Show Them the Money: Improving Consumer Information on Need and Merit-Based Gift Aid to Equitably Empower Prospective Law Students
No full textHistorically, Black and Hispanic or Latino/a/x (Latine) applicants have been admitted to law school at disproportionately lower rates than White and Asian applicants. While there is no shortage of law school applicants from all racial/ethnic backgrounds, Black and Hispanic or Latine applicants are less likely to gain admission to any law school and, when admitted, are less likely to obtain financial aid in the form of grants and scholarships (gift aid). As a result, these students tend to finance more of their legal education with student loans and graduate with higher debt balances compared to White and Asian law school students.
It is no secret that underrepresented students have carried a larger share of the load when it comes to out-of-pocket law school expenses. Law school admission and merit-based gift aid which defrays the high (and rising) cost of attendance rely heavily on academic indicators such as the LSAT and UGPA — indicators that tend to correlate with socioeconomic status (SES). Overreliance on academic indicators for awarding institutional gift aid results in applicants from low SES and historically underrepresented racial backgrounds being less likely to receive merit-based gift aid awards. Compounding the issue is the predominance and prioritization of academic indicators of merit over financial need in the distribution of institutional gift aid to incoming law students.
There is a strong need to consider accessibility to institutional gift aid generally, and particularly for students from underrepresented racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. Addressing the lack of diversity within the legal profession requires a deep dive into each component of the pipeline to practice with the goal of improving how the entire institution equitably serves talented and motivated aspiring lawyers from all backgrounds. Specifically, law schools might consider how their communications about institutional aid may impact a student’s likelihood of receiving gift aid and, more broadly, their ability to make informed financial decisions about attending law school.
The importance of access to information regarding the cost of legal education and law school financing options cannot be understated. Recent research has demonstrated the need for better information and education in these domains: a 2020 American Bar Association (ABA) survey found that roughly 30% of young lawyers would have chosen a different law school given what they now know about the legal profession and the impact of student loan debt. When asked what they would change about their law school choice, a majority indicated they would have chosen a school that offered a more generous scholarship or lower tuition.
Given the potential to narrow information gaps for prospective law students, this brief aims to examine the availability and substance of institutional gift aid information provided on law school websites to better understand the landscape of merit- and need-based gift aid opportunities in legal education. In the current digital age, law school websites are essential platforms for informing aspiring law students of gift aid options, eligibility requirements, and application procedures. Accordingly, this study undertook a content analysis of websites associated with 194 ABA-accredited law schools in the United States for the purpose of exploring two questions: To what extent do law schools provide public and accessible information regarding gift aid for prospective students? To what extent does the availability and specificity of information about gift aid vary between need- and merit-based gift aid opportunities
Black adolescents’ discrimination experiences and academic engagement: the role of general and culturally-distinctive parental involvement
No full textUsing data from Black 8th graders who participated in the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context study (Eccles, 1999), this study examined the distinct impact of racial discrimination from peers and teachers on adolescents’ academic engagement, as well as moderating influences of various aspects of parental involvement including general involvement practices and culturally distinctive involvement. It was hypothesized that perceived discrimination from both sources of discrimination, peers and teachers, would predict lower academic engagement and parenting factors would buffer those negative effects. Results indicated that experiences of peer and teacher discrimination uniquely predicted different dimensions of academic engagement, and there was evidence of some gender influence on these relationships. Moreover, the author found that while both areas of parental involvement were important predictors of academic engagement, only culturally distinctive parental involvement moderated the effects of discrimination on academic engagement
Distribution of non-aureus staphylococci species in udder quarters with low and high somatic cell count, and clinical mastitis
No full textUnlocking Potential: Key Lessons from Kessler Foundationâs Signature Grants on Employment for People with Disabilities - A White Paper for Professionals in Grantmaking, Workforce Development, Disability Employment, and Human Resources
No full textSince 2005, Kessler Foundation has invested more than $55 million in funding a variety of programs that have assisted "over 10,000 people with disabilities acquire jobs and training." Kessler Foundation's Signature Employment Grants program awards funding to organizations to use innovation to increase the employment and retention of individuals with disabilities. Each program is evaluated against its goals and projected outcomes.The Foundation contracted with the John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey to review interim and final evaluation reports for programs that began as early as 2015 and ended in or prior to 2022. Analysis of the 21 Kessler Foundation Signature Employment Grant programs implemented during this period illuminates multiple findings that contribute to the larger body of lessons learned about how organizations can help individuals with disabilities find and maintain employment. Strong collaborations, high organizational capacity, leveraged collaborations, agility, clear and concise goals, effective communication, and strategic coordination were all elements that increased the likelihood of programmatic success and positive outcomes.Â
Black students’ perceptions of the institutional context and associations with belonging and persistence at a southeastern MSI
No full textBlack students represent about 13% of the students who enroll in higher education and only 27% graduate within four years (NCES, 2021). Given national enrollment rates are declining, (NCES, 2022) higher education leaders face rising pressures to ensure the students who do enroll continue to matriculate toward graduation. Guided by a proposed integrative model of student experiences of embedded context in higher education, this study examined if there are distinct profiles of Black students’ perceptions of UNCG’s institutional context. Additionally, this study explored whether student characteristics were associated with emergent context profiles and how emergent context profiles were associated with students’ sense of belonging to UNCG and persistence toward graduation. Using a person-centered approach, this investigation revealed four distinct context profiles that were characterized by the extent to which students’ perceived UNCG’s institutional context as culturally engaging and welcoming versus culturally unengaging and discriminatory. Students’ college generation status, off-campus employment, living arrangements, and undergraduate year were all significantly associated with their likelihood of being classified in one context profile compared to another. additionally, context profiles were significantly associated with students’ sense of belonging but not their persistence toward graduation. Findings suggest Black students at UNCG are embedded in different types of interpersonal context within the institution, but the majority perceive a positive campus environment with respect to their cultural background. Findings also suggest that although UNCG successfully cultivated a culturally engaging and welcoming context for most Black students, there are specific groups within the Black student population in which additional institutional efforts are needed. The results provide support for the importance of several institutional factors that are linked to students’ sense of belonging
Overlapping Local and Systemic Defense Induced by an Oomycete Fatty Acid MAMP and Brown Seaweed Extract in Tomato
No full textEicosapolyenoic fatty acids are integral components of oomycete pathogens that can act as microbe-associated molecular patterns to induce disease resistance in plants. Defense-inducing eicosapolyenoic fatty acids include arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid and are strong elicitors in solanaceous plants, with bioactivity in other plant families. Similarly, extracts of a brown seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, used in sustainable agriculture as a biostimulant of plant growth, may also induce disease resistance. A. nodosum, similar to other macroalgae, is rich in eicosapolyenoic fatty acids, which comprise as much as 25% of total fatty acid composition. We investigated the response of roots and leaves from AA or a commercial A. nodosum extract (ANE) on root-treated tomatoes via RNA sequencing, phytohormone profiling, and disease assays. AA and ANE significantly altered transcriptional profiles relative to control plants, inducing numerous defense-related genes with both substantial overlap and differences in gene expression patterns. Root treatment with AA and, to a lesser extent, ANE also altered both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels while inducing local and systemic resistance to oomycete and bacterial pathogen challenge. Thus, our study highlights overlap in both local and systemic defense induced by AA and ANE, with potential for inducing broad-spectrum resistance against pathogens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license
Les déplacés. Travail sur soi et ascension sociale : la promotion littéraire de Jules Romains
No full textDomonique Memmi : The Displaced. Self-improvement and social ascension: the literary promotion of Jules Romains Author of Knock and a 27-volume work entitled Men of Good Will, Jules Romains stands out by what he held to be his rightful concern about temporal success and his efficient management of it, rather paradoxical in a literary world marked by the value placed on unselfishness. This stemmed from relative lucidity that may well have sprung in part from the possible but unlikely path to success. Romains used this path to turn his work into a constantly re-negotiated compromise between the part played by the individual and that played by the community the candidate for social displacement is bora into and the one he finally attains. In his work, the former scholarship student recounts and constantly tests the social trial-and-error approach that would ultimately enable the primary school teachers son to enter the French Academy.■ Dominique Memmi: Les déplacés. Travail sur soi et ascension sociale: la promotion littéraire de Jules Romains Auteur notamment de Knock et d'une œuvre en 27 tomes, Les Hommes de bonne volonté, Jules Romains se signale par un souci revendiqué et une gestion efficace de la réussite temporelle un peu paradoxaux dans l'univers littéraire marqué par la valorisation du désintéressement. Lucidité relative qui pourrait bien être en partie le produit d'une trajectoire possible mais improbable. Celle-ci fait de cette œuvre une formation de compromis constamment renégociée entre ce qui est dû à soi et ce qui est dû aux communautés d'origine et d'arrivée de ce candidat au déplacement social. L'ancien boursier y relate et y teste sans cesse les tâtonnements sociaux qui permettront au fils d'instituteur de se faire académicien.Memmi Dominique. Les déplacés. Travail sur soi et ascension sociale : la promotion littéraire de Jules Romains. In: Genèses, 24, 1996. Trajectoires, sous la direction de Robert Salais. pp. 57-80
108: Impact of the method used for aortic annulus measurement on TAVI results - A transesophageal echocardiography and multislice computed tomography comparison
No full textBackgroundAccurate measurement of the aortic annulus diameter (AD) is critical for successful implantation of transcatheter aortic valve (TAVI) but the best method is still debated. We sought to compare the results of TAVI according to the method finally used for the choice of the prosthesis size: transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or multislice computed tomography (MSCT).MethodsAD was measured using both TEE and MSCT in 177 patients who underwent TAVI using either the Edwards Sapien or the Medtronic Corevalve prosthesis between January 2008 and April 2011. AD was measured from the long-axis view using TEE and at the level of the virtual basal ring in MSCT (mean of long and short axis). Agreement was defined as the use of the same prosthesis size with both TEE and MSCT according to manufacturers’ recommendations.ResultsOverall, mean AD was significantly larger using MSCT than TEE (24.6±2.2 vs. 23.2±1.93 mm, p<.0001). An agreement between TEE and MSCT was observed in 118 patients. Among the 59 patients with TEE and MSCT disagreement, prosthesis size was chosen according to TEE measurements in 54 and according to MSCT in 5. The Table summarized complications and in-hospital mortality. There was no significant difference between groups except for annulus rupture which occurred in one patient in whom MSCT measurements were used.ConclusionThe present study shows that a TEE-based choice of the prosthesis size provided excellent clinical results not significantly different than when both MSCT and TEE agreed. Thus, in patients undergoing TAVI, the best imaging modality for the measurement of the aortic annulus diameter remains still not established but our data do not support the use of CT as the first line method.Table – Complications and in-hospital mortality.ComplicationsTEE/MSCT agreement N= 118TEE-based strategy N=54MSCT-based strategy N=5P valueAortic regurgitation ≥2/4, n (%)3 (3%)3 (6%)00.57Second baloon inflation, n (%)3 (3%)3 (6%)00.57Second prosthesis implantation, n (%)2 (2%)2 (4%)00.71Annulus rupture, n (%)1 (1%)1 (2%)1 (20%)0.009Prosthetic migration, n (%)1 (1%)000.77In hospital mortality, n (%)10 (8%)1 (2%)1 (20%)0.6
Diversity Reimagined: Creating a Culture of Possibilities by Relating to Others as Partners, Fellow Learners and Builders
No full textThere’s no doubt. ‘Diversity’ has gotten a bad rap. It has become increasingly equated with a kind of moralism or political correctness that is not helpful. The word tends to get people all wound up, bent out of shape, and either clamped up or up on their high horse (present company included). In its most formal expression in the workplace–the ‘Diversity Workshop’ … dun-dun-dun—‘diversity training’ is often experienced as something to be checked off on a to-do list. Many find conversations about diversity to be off-putting and divisive; very heady and emotional stuff. In these ways, diversity can be seen as a drag by the majority, instead of an opportunity to create, learn and grow
Online Tobacco Advertising and Current Chew, Dip, Snuff and Snus Use among Youth and Young Adults, 2018–2019
No full textObjective: To understand the relationship between exposure to online tobacco advertising and current smokeless tobacco use in the context of tobacco control policies. Methods: Three waves of a national probability-based sample of (n = 15,985) youth and young adults were used. Analysis consisted of GEE logistic models controlling for social media use, demographics, tobacco use, average price of smokeless tobacco inclusive of taxes, smoke-free indoor air laws (SFIA) and state tobacco control expenditures. Results: Frequent exposure to tobacco advertising on social media is associated with greater odds of current smokeless use (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.60). Higher prices and SFIA coverage were associated with reduced current smokeless use when examined separately from other tobacco policy variables (aOR: 0.79, CI: 0.73, 0.85; aOR: 0.44, CI: 0.28, 0.70). Conclusions: Greater exposure to tobacco advertising online is associated with greater odds of smokeless use among surveyed youth and young adults. This effect of social media marketing exposure on smokeless use outweighs the mitigating impact of existing tobacco control policies. The findings underscore the need for strong advertising regulation of evolving tobacco products, including smokeless products, on social media and surveillance of digital marketing tactics to young people
