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FIGURE 4. MNHP1246 in Taxonomy of the Sand Sliders of Western Australia's central coast (genus Lerista, Squamata: Scincidae): recognition of Lerista miopus (Günther, 1867)
No full textFIGURE 4. MNHP1246, holotype of Brachystopus lineopunctulatus Duméril and Bibron, 1839. Photo by H. G. Cogger.Published as part of Edwards, Danielle L., 2017, Taxonomy of the Sand Sliders of Western Australia's central coast (genus Lerista, Squamata: Scincidae): recognition of Lerista miopus (Günther, 1867), pp. 111-133 in Zootaxa 4317 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/89293
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Lerista lineopunctulata, sensu stricto
No full textSynonyms of Lerista lineopunctulata (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) and assignment of northern populations to Lerista miopus (Günther, 1867). Rhodona punctata Gray, 1839 (type locality ‘Australia’), was placed in synonymy of L. lineopunctulata by H. G. Cogger in Cogger et al. (1983). Although it was published before Brachystopus lineopunctulatus Duméril & Bibron, 1839, Cogger et al. considered R. punctata to be a junior homonym of Lacerta punctata Linnaeus, 1758 and therefore unavailable. Duméril & Bibron (1839) recognised the close similarity between R. punctata and their B. lineopunctulatus, stating that were it not for the widely different localities (Australia vs. the Cape of Good Hope), they would believe them to be the same. Unfortunately, the African locality was in error and they were in fact describing the same taxon (Cogger et al. 1983). Gray’s description of the genus Rhodona states the taxon to have the following limb arrangement: ‘the front ones rudimentary, short, small, conical, undivided, ending in a simple claw, hinder small, weak, with a distinct knee, and ending in two very unequal clawed toes’. This description immediately precedes the description of R. punctata, which is the only species assigned to the genus described. Images of the syntypes lodged at the British Museum, kindly supplied by H. G. Cogger, show a group of five lizards with distinctly visible forelimb stumps and two toes on the hindlimb. Although the image available to us of the Brachystopus lineopunctulatus type (Fig. 4, again supplied by H. G. Cogger) does not show the forelimbs clearly, the colour pattern is again of distinct, heavy longitudinal lines along the dorsum. The type of Ronia catenulata Gray, 1841 is lost (Cogger et al. 1983). This species was described from material with a locality only of ‘Western Australia’, and hence cannot be assigned to the northern or southern population with certainty. However, the generic description of Ronia Gray, 1841, of which R. catenulata is the only species, gives ‘The front limbs very small, rudimentary, undivided; the hinder limbs moderately developed, ending in two very unequal toes, with distinct claws.’ The combination of a distinct forelimb, a hindlimb with two toes and a bold colour pattern, shared by these specimens, suggests strongly that all three names can be assigned to the southern population, and consequently, that L. lineopunctulata is the appropriate name for this population by chronological priority. The description of Soridia miopus Günther, 1867 gives ‘No free fore limbs, but there is a short longitudinal groove, in the upper end of which a minute tubercle (the first indication of an external limb) is visible; hind limb as long as the head, terminating in a single longish toe.’ This limb arrangement is typical of the northern population and not known in L. lineopunctulata sensu stricto. The type locality (Champion Bay, WA, approximately 28° 46' S 114° 36' E) places it well within the range of the northern population. This is also the case with Lygosoma bipes concolor Werner, 1910 (from Denham, WA, approximately 25° 55' S 113° 32' E). The description of this taxon cites “die anscheinend kürzeren Gliedmaâen sind anscheinend genügende Unterschiede von L. bipes.” [the shorter limbs diagnose it from L. bipes]. As L. bipes (Fischer, 1882) has no forelimbs, it can be assumed this is also the case with L. b. concolor. We have examined the type of L. (R.) nigriceps Glauert, 1962 (WAMR 14039) and it conforms well with the morphology of L. miopus and was collected within this taxon’s known distribution (Vlaming Head, 21° 48' S 114° 06' E). Designation of a neotype for Soridia miopus Günther, 1867. The holotype for S. miopus is purported to be at the British Museum of Natural History, registered as 1946.8.15.60 (see Fig. 5). It was originally registered in 1864 as 64.7.22.2 and then re-registered in 1946 after retrieval from safe storage during World War II (G. Shea, pers. comm.). This specimen was examined by H.G. Cogger in 1970, who concluded that it cannot be the type for Soridia miopus on the basis of comparing the type description with its actual appearance. Specifically, the specimen is half the length given in the description, has two toes on the hindlimb (vs. one), no forelimbs (vs. “a minute tubercle”) and has a broad black lateral band (vs. simply “four very indistinct stripes of minute blackish dots along the dorsal series of scales”). In addition, Boulenger gives a very similar description (as Lygosoma miopus) to Günther in his Catalogue Of The Lizards Of The British Museum (1887), suggesting strongly that both authors examined a different specimen to the one currently identified as the type. Cogger identified the specimen in 1970 as Lerista bipes. It was for these reasons that Cogger et al. (1983) considered the whereabouts of the true type of S. miopus as unknown, and it does not seem to have been located in the years since (P. Campbell, BMNH, pers. comm.). Therefore, to stabilise nomenclature we nominate a neotype collected from the type locality and held at the Western Australian Museum, WAMR136122.Published as part of Edwards, Danielle L., 2017, Taxonomy of the Sand Sliders of Western Australia's central coast (genus Lerista, Squamata: Scincidae): recognition of Lerista miopus (Günther, 1867), pp. 111-133 in Zootaxa 4317 (1) on page 120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/89293
Lerista lineopunctulata
No full textLerista lineopunctulata (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) (Figs. 4 and 6) Synonyms Rhodona punctata Gray, 1839 (non Lacerta punctata Linnaeus, 1758) Brachystopus lineopunctulatus Duméril & Bibron, 1839 Ronia catenulata Gray, 1841 Holotype. MNHP1246, Australia. Lodged at Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Diagnosis. A species of Lerista with forelimb only a short stump (L1 = 0.7–1.2% SVL), two digits on a relatively short hindlimb (L2 <14% SVL), fused frontoparietals, four or five supraciliaries and a free eyelid (vs. fused into a transparent spectacle). Comparisons. Only three other species of Lerista, L. connivens, L. miopus and L. varia, have the combination of forelimb with a nubbin or stump, two digits on the hindlimb, free eyelid and interparietal fused to the frontoparietals. Lerista lineopunctulata differs from L. connivens in a more developed forelimb (a stump 0.7–1.2% SVL vs. usually a depression only or a nubbin no more than 0.6% SVL), a reduced hindlimb (up to 14% SVL vs. 13–23% SVL, 7–10 subdigital lamellae on longest toe, homologous to digit IV, see Greer (1987, 1990) vs. 11–14, 5–7 supradigital scales on longest toe vs. 8–11), more supraciliaries (5 vs. 4) and colour pattern (brown-grey dorsally with lines of dark brown spots, pattern fading laterally vs. two irregular lines of dark brown enclosing a paler brown vertebral stripe and a solid dark brown upper lateral stripe). From L. miopus, it differs in a more developed forelimb (a stump 0.7–1.2% SVL vs. usually a depression only or a nubbin no more than 0.7% SVL) and more distinct colour pattern (lines of dark brown spots vs. often so indistinct as to appear patternless). From L. varia, it differs in a more developed forelimb (a stump 0.7–1.2% SVL vs. usually a depression only or a nubbin no more than 0.4% SVL), a reduced hindlimb (up to 14% SVL vs. 13–24% SVL, 5–7 supradigitals on the longest toe vs. 8–10), more paravertebrals (76–88 vs. 63–73) and a generally bolder colour pattern (usually brown-grey with lines of dark brown spots dorsally vs. usually 2–4 indistinct lines of dark brown spots). Variation. Sample size is 15 unless otherwise noted: SVL = 69–94 mm (85 ± 7 mm), HL = 8–11% SVL (10 ± 1%), HW = 63–77% HL (69 ± 3%), SE = 20–29% HL (24 ± 2%), eyelid free, EE = 50–60% HL (53 ± 2%), ear minute, SA = 19–25% SVL (22 ± 2%), AG = 68–76% SVL (73 ± 2%), MW 6–10% SVL (8 ± 1%), L1 a short stump, 0.7–1.2% SVL (1.0 ± 0.2%), L2 = 8–14% SVL (10 ± 1%), TL = 74–77% SVL (n = 2). Hindlimb usually with two clawed toes (n = 65), rarely a single clawed toe (n = 7). Midbody scale rows 20, NC = 0–38% (24 ± 12), NaL = 14–33% (25 ± 5%), FN = 48–70% (63 ± 6%), three supraoculars, five supraciliaries (n = 13), rarely four (n = 2), first supraciliary contacts preocular, loreal, prefrontal, first supraocular and second supraciliary (sometimes fails to contact loreal, n = 1, sometimes contacts frontal, n = 2); frontal contacts interparietal, first and second supraoculars, prefrontal and frontonasal (sometimes also first supraciliary, n = 2); frontoparietals fused to interparietal, IW = 111–151% (131 ± 12%), two loreals (rarely single, n = 1), prefrontal contacts both loreals, frontonasal, frontal, first supraocular and first supraciliary (rarely, fails to contact first supraocular, n = 3); single (n = 3) or two (n = 12) preoculars, single presubocular, 5–7 palpebrals (mode = 6), single postocular, single postsubocular, six supralabials, fourth supralabial entering eye, two postsupralabials, six infralabials, two infralabials contacting postmental, four (n = 4) or five (n = 11) scales between last infralabial and ear, single pretemporal, temporal contacts fifth and sixth supralabials, postocular, pretemporal, second temporal and postsupralabial (rarely, fails to contact postocular, n = 1, sometimes contacts parietal, n = 5); PL = 58–75% (65 ± 5%), three rows of enlarged chin shields, 2–5 nuchals (mode = 3), 76–88 paravertebrals (mode = 80), MV = 51–86% (63 ± 8%), two enlarged preanals, 57–77 body scales between limbs when adpressed (mode = 65), hindlimb 11–19 body scales in length (mode = 13), 7–10 subdigital lamellae under the longest toe (mode = 7), 5–7 supradigitals (mode = 6), 69–71 subcaudals (n = 2). Colour pattern. Brown to grey, with black lines of spots or dashes, sometimes indistinct, inner lines usually heavier than lateral lines. Head with black edging and markings. Labial scales white with black edging. Belly and throat immaculate whitish. Limbs brown above, whitish below. Tail similar pattern to the body but often a yellowish wash with the pattern heavier but less distinct. Pattern much less regular on regrown tails. Colour pattern in preservative little different except that the black markings tend to fade to dark brown and overall colour becomes browner with length of time in preservative. Distribution. Coast and coastal islands of Western Australia, from Favorite Island (30° 17' S) south to Lake Clifton (32° 48' S). See Fig. 1. All museum records are within 70 km of the coast, with the exception of WAMR 29281. This specimen was collected in 1966 supposedly at Perenjori (29° 27' S 116° 17' E), ~ 120 km inland and well north of any other L. lineopunctulata record but within the latitudinal range of L. miopus. This record is most likely in error.Published as part of Edwards, Danielle L., 2017, Taxonomy of the Sand Sliders of Western Australia's central coast (genus Lerista, Squamata: Scincidae): recognition of Lerista miopus (Günther, 1867), pp. 111-133 in Zootaxa 4317 (1) on pages 122-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/89293
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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